Life Fan Chengda received a good education when he was a child. He read the history of classics and was good at writing articles. /kloc-When he was 0/7 years old, he was invited to pay tribute to the Ministry of Rites. When his father died the following year, he raised his younger brother and sister until his sister got married, so he resumed his studies and joined the imperial examination. After that, I studied music in Yan Temple in Kunshan and joined their poetry club. Shaoxing twenty-four years (1 154), a scholar. In the twenty-sixth year of Shaoxing, he served as the secretariat of Huizhou to join the army. On the recommendation of Shi Hong, he was called to Hangzhou to supervise Taiping Huimin and Medicine Bureau, and served as a librarian. In the second year of Xiaozong Trunk Road (1 166), he was promoted to be the official department minister, but he was dismissed from his post and returned to his hometown because of his leapfrog promotion.
Avenue for four years, Zhizhou. The following year, he was called to the DPRK as the foreign minister of the Ministry of Rites, and rose to the official residence at the end of the year. Avenue for six years, Xiaozong appointed Fan Chengda as a special envoy, went to the State of Jin to change the etiquette of accepting the imperial edicts of the State of Jin, and asked to establish a mausoleum in Henan Province. Fan Chengda's camera broke down, maintaining Song Ting's prestige, and he came back for the whole music festival. He wrote The Golden Diary and 72 famous chronological poems, which won the esteem and trust of Xiaozong. After returning to Korea, he was promoted to the position of librarian in China. Avenue for seven years, filial piety to use courtiers. Zhang said that Fan Chengda refused to make grass, which changed the color of Xiaozong. Chengda let me relax and go back to Suzhou.
After nine years on the Avenue, he went to Jingjiang and served as a peace envoy in Guangxi. In the first year of Xichun (1 174), Chengdu was renamed as the capital and was appointed as the ambassador to Sichuan. In the fourth year of Xichun, he was the minister in charge of the Ministry of Justice. Five years in the first month, scholar, straight bachelor's college. In April, he participated in political affairs. Two months later, he was impeached by the remonstrator and dismissed. Cherish the spring for seven years, knowing that Mingzhou is also a coastal messenger; In eight years, I rebuilt Kangfu and stayed in the palace. Xichun died of illness for ten years at the age of 58. After that, he lived in seclusion in Shihu 10 years.
Fan Chengda is a scholar-bureaucrat who cares about state affairs, is diligent in government affairs and sympathizes with people's sufferings. His basic political ideal is the Confucian thought of "benevolent government" and "people-oriented". He believes that "people only care about the country, which is the foundation of peace". If you want to be rich and powerful, you must first help the people, "save the corvee, save taxes and solve the people's difficulties" ("National Foundation"). In some plays, he urged Xiaozong to save manpower and national strength, cherish time, rectify military discipline, train foot soldiers, use punishment with caution, and crack down on corrupt officials, aiming at the revival of Qiang Bing. When he was an official in a local area, he tried his best to eradicate abuses, rectify armaments, or provide disaster relief to build water conservancy projects, in an effort to reduce the burden on farmers and relieve the suffering of soldiers. Accordingly, his consistent thought of worrying about the country and the people has been fully reflected in his poetry creation.
Among Fan Chengda's poems, the works reflecting rural social life are the most successful. His pastoral poems generally describe the vast rural life in feudal society, combining the agricultural poems since the Book of Songs in July, the poems praising the quiet and leisurely rural life since Tao Qian, and some works of poets in the Tang Dynasty that reflect the class oppression, such as rural ballads, which have become a master of ancient pastoral poems in China.
Fan Chengda dabbled in the world very early, and had a profound understanding of the hardships of rural life. When he was in his twenties, he wrote some poems describing rural life scenes. For example, in the poem "Sailing on the Mountain Road in Summer", he showed the emotion of "pitying the old peasants from afar"; In the musical "Divine Comedy", it is written that farmers feel very lucky, and they have food to pay rent in good years and are free from whipping; Reeling describes my aunt's busy work of cooking cocoons, reeling silk and selling silk. "Dunning Bank" describes the scene where farmers come to extort money after losing rent. When he was an official in Huizhou, he wrote the famous Post-Rent Collection, which vividly described the importance of collecting taxes in the Southern Song Dynasty, the coolness of official speculation and the deep suffering of the people. Later, in Hangzhou, Guangxi, Chengdu and his hometown, he wrote a large number of local poems, such as "Cutting Wheat, Transplanting, Drying Cocoons and Picking Ling Hu", "Three Musts of Rice Seeds" and "Weeping Fields". Among them, Huang Yiling wrote about the inhuman situation of nesting in Shan Nong and issued the voice of "Andrew Bayou is out"; "Lao She Geng" was plowed by "Xia Nong" and barely ate enough. It is written that "Wu Nong" was forced to "escape from the house without smoke" because of official rent and private debt; The nine songs of Kuizhou Zhi Zhu have inherited the tradition of Zhi Zhu's ci and injected new contents: there are farmers who burn She beans, farmers who pick mulberry tea with their children on their backs, and wealthy businessmen who embroider clothes and dresses; The rich are full, and the farmers are poor: "Dongtun Pingtian is soft, and the poor are insufficient." The thoughts of exposing the disparity between the rich and the poor, criticizing the brutality of officials and sympathizing with the people's sufferings run through Fan Chengda's poems. Until he retired to Shihu in his later years, he deeply sympathized with the miserable life of the lower class in his works such as Winter Journey, Sigh of Autumn Thunder and Song of River City. In the snow, the poet declared: "You can't use poetry song for you!" Tell the truth about his creative intention of calling for people's livelihood.
Fan Chengda's group poem "Four Seasons Pastoral Poems" written in his later years is his masterpiece. These 60 seven-character quatrains describe the different rural scenery in spring, summer, autumn and winter respectively, and show farmers' living environment, seasonal climate, local customs, farming and weaving, bumper harvest and bitter joy to the fullest. "Butterflies are both in cauliflower, and there will be no visitors at home for a long time." The chicken flew over the hedge and heard that a businessman had come to buy tea. ""When the day comes and the night comes, the children in the village are in charge. "Before their children and grandchildren were released to farm and weave, they also learned to grow melons in the shade of mulberry trees. The author described a series of pictures of farming and weaving in plain language. However, these pictures are not a paradise that hermits yearn for in past dynasties, but a vivid portrayal of the real society full of pain and bitterness. " It's hard to hang down, but also to avoid wind and rain, it's colder. "The letter complained that the public holiday robbed the surplus grain, half of the private debt was paid, and the official lost half." "It's hard to waste plows and hoes when picking diamonds, and blood refers to Liu Dan ghosts." I can't afford to grow water, and the lake has been rented recently! "These poems also show deep sympathy for the peasants' sufferings. The poet also faithfully reproduces the "joy" of poor families in his paintings: "Little women rush to the silk machine at night, and big ones are eager to fly. Fortunately, sericulture is ripe this year, leaving yellow silk to weave summer clothes. " "Village lane sees common customs in winter, and neighbors worship Chai Jing." The gown is like frost and snow, and the cloud is woven for home. "Careful observation and profound brushwork are higher than poets who have written similar themes before. This group of poems had a great influence on pastoral poetry after the Southern Song Dynasty.
Fan Chengda was a leading figure at that time, and his poems were full of patriotic thoughts. As early as when he was not an official, he wrote a famous sentence, "Don't boast mountains and rivers, Leng Yun's cold water is more desolate" ("Autumn is the second best"), criticizing the small court in the Southern Song Dynasty for boasting to the envoys of the State of Jin about residual water. Since then, many works, such as Rouge Well and Hejiang Pavilion, are excellent works that express patriotic feelings by describing the beauty of mountains and rivers. When he arrived in the state of Jin, he wrote 72 four-character poems, which concentrated on his patriotic thoughts. "At the mouth of Pinggu City, two men (Xun,) are still puzzling □" The girder is in danger of being submerged. Who will sink the land in China? "("Double Temple ")" Qiao Zhou is a heavenly street in the north and south, and the elderly wait for driving back year after year. "When did the Sixth Army come?" (Qiao Zhou) These poems condemned the ignorance of the rulers of the Song Dynasty and conveyed the aspiration of the elders in the Central Plains to recover their lost land by chanting the mountains and rivers and historical sites in the occupied areas. Some poems also record the tragic experiences of the people under the rule of the nobles of the Jin State. When the author was an official in Guilin, he wrote in the poem "Guishui Pavilion Completed": "I would like to take Jiang to meet Hehan and wash my gun for you." It also reflects his confidence and lofty desire for the reunification of the motherland and the recovery of lost land. When he was seriously ill in his later years, he also expressed his hatred for Jin people in the poem "Shooting Wild Horses". This poem, entitled "Focha Temple", expresses his dissatisfaction with the court in the Southern Song Dynasty, which shows his concern for the fate of the nation and his hope for reunification.
Fan Chengda's poems are rich in themes and diverse in styles. He extensively studied the great poets of the previous generation and was most influenced by Su Shi. His poetic style has changed several times due to different creative backgrounds: when he was unsuccessful in his early years and when he was an official, he did not leave the imitation stage. His poems, such as those of Zhang Ji and Wang Jian, which reflect the sufferings of people's livelihood, are mostly characterized by directness and preciseness, which is best reflected in his 72 quatrains written on his way to the State of Jin in the future. The landscape poems in Huizhou's later period, such as Fanyang Lake and Huang Hui Tan, are detailed in description and delicate in language, revealing the clues of beautiful and elegant poetic style. As an official in Guilin and Chengdu, due to the magnificent scenery of mountains and rivers, his poems are open, gorgeous and magnificent, especially the five-character poems. In his later years, he lived in seclusion in Shihu, and his poetic style gradually became gentle, graceful, mellow and beautiful. He was best at seven-character poems, especially seven-character quatrains. Fan Chengda learned from Su Shi and gained a lot in broadness and boldness. However, due to his poor artistic accomplishment, there is a slight gap with Su Shi in heroic and elegant aspects, and some of his poems appear to lack charm and charm. He worked hard on five-character poems that Su Shi paid little attention to, and absorbed some characteristics of his ci and fu, and made great achievements. But at the same time, it also developed the shortcomings of Su Shi's poems, such as loving to use allusions, showing talent and learning, and betting on danger and rhyme. When he was sick in his later years, it was especially inappropriate to write morbid poems and some Zen-style six-character poems with foreign Buddhist scriptures. Compared with Lu You and Yang Wanli, Fan Chengda was less influenced by Jiangxi Poetry School, but his poems still had the habit of forging and doing wonders in the Southern Song Dynasty.
Fan Chengda's prose and poems were also famous at that time. Fu Cha, the king of Wu, wrote Guan Wa Gong Fu in his early years, which alluded to current events by abusing loyalty and indulgence. "Guilin Mid-Autumn Festival Fu" expresses the feelings for the moon, with clear boundaries. His political comments and memorials hit the nail on the head, making sense, not for empty talk or hollow reputation. Kan Kan has a leisurely charm. For example, "On Japan's Strength, National Strength and Manpower" and "On the Foundation of the Country" are all representative works. Most of these political papers have short chapters, plain language and few allusions, which are very distinctive in the Song Dynasty. His narrative writing achievements are also very high. In his middle age, he wrote The Story of Three High Temples in memory of Fan Li, Hans Zhang and Lu Guimeng, who lived in seclusion. At the beginning, the article praised the three men for their noble morality and bright personality, but in the middle, they turned the corner and expressed their deep sigh at the many hopes of the world to retire without asking about state affairs. It was carefully called "a wonderful pen in the world", which was widely circulated and won a high reputation. His landscape travel notes are good at shaping things and spreading dynamics, which won Liu Zongyuan's brushwork. He deliberately imitated two poems of Su Shi's Fu on the Red Wall, Pan Shihu Ji, which is a masterpiece of landscape travel notes in the Song Dynasty. In addition, several of his eulogies, such as "Salute to the Ministry of Industry of My Dead Brother (Fan)", are also sincere and touching.
Fan Chengda is also good at writing ci, with nearly 100 existing ci. In his early years, he wrote many poems about tender feelings and lovesickness, such as Nankezi, Qixi and first frost Corner. Close relationship with Qin Guan, deep feelings; [Drunk] Lonely and cold, just like Yan Tao. The works in the middle and late period are closer to Su Shi, such as [Water Turning] Yanshan for nine days, which is vigorous and powerful, and [Water Turning] and "Wan Li Frontier fortress" are full of charm; [Nian Nujiao] "Twin Peaks and Peaks" came out of the dust. Its spacious features, especially those similar to those of Zhang Xiaoxiang, such as [Man Jiang Hong], [Light Thunder outside the willow], [Nian Nujiao] and [Wu Bo Piao], can almost be confused with the masterpieces in Yuhu Ci. As for [Huanxisha]' s writing "Maodian bamboo fence opens, crimson skirt is green, fields are green", [Butterfly Love Flowers] "Jiang Guo plows late, the village is north and south, and Grain Rain plows all over", which is fresh and lively, comparable to his pastoral poems.
Fan Chengda has a wide range of interests, and his "Lu Lan Ji" records what he saw and heard when he went to Jin State, which is of high historical value. I went to Guilin, returned to my hometown from Shu, and wrote "Lu Luan" and "Lu Wu Chuan", describing the beauty of mountains and rivers, local conditions and customs, textual research on rumors, and retelling strange things, which can be both textual research and strong travel notes. Historical materials such as Guilin caves, utensils, food, products and folk customs recorded in Gui Lu are especially valuable for studying the local history of Guangxi and the ethnic history of Southwest China. Among them, the records of birds, animals, flowers, insects and fish, such as Ju Pu and Mei Pu written in his later years, are also important materials for studying the history of natural science. Wu Junzhi, with a total of 50 volumes, is one of the earliest local chronicles with formal scale in China and has always been valued by historians. Fan Chengda also has high attainments in calligraphy. York's "Praise for Treasures and Treasures" called his calligraphy "vigorous and elegant, but broad and narrow", Wang Shizhen in the Ming Dynasty also called it "calligraphy in and out of Meishan and Zhang Yu, with a sharp pen, mature and beautiful, and depressed in business" (Four Manuscripts of Zhoushan People 130), and Zhang Xiaoxiang.
Fan Chengda's Complete Works of Shi Hu (Volume 136). There are 34 volumes of Shi Hu's Poems of Laymen, which are taken from the Complete Works. The last volume is 1. There are Ming Hongzhi movable-type edition, Qing Kangxi Gu's edition and Huangshi edition. The number of volumes of Shihu Ci is 1, and there is a book called □ Village Series. Shanghai Ancient Books Publishing House, 198 1, published the first and second volumes of Fan Shihu Collection, and attached three volumes of annotations to Shen Qinhan's Poems Collection. Fan Chengda Lost was published by Zhonghua Book Company 1983. There are 65,438+0 volumes, 65,438+0 volumes recorded by Lu Luanlu, 2 volumes by Wu, and two volumes of Not Enough. There are plum tree 1 volume, chrysanthemum tree 1 volume, and there is a book "Hundred Rivers Learn the Sea". All the above five are included in series integration. Zhi Heng of Gui (1) has a series of books about lack of knowledge. There are 50 volumes of Wu Junzhi and a series of books in the right place.