The "poetry" Confucius mentioned refers to "Three Hundred Poems", which is the later "Book of Songs"; resentment, Kong Anguo's annotation is "Resentment for Shangzheng", that is, "resentment" for the ruling class. policy. However, "resentment" is not limited to "shangzheng". "As long as it expresses a negative emotion towards the real social life, it belongs to resentment." Resentment means venting resentment due to dissatisfaction with reality and showing the poet's inner feelings. Unfair. The "resentment" mentioned by Confucius here mainly emphasizes the social function of literature. It mainly refers to the dissatisfaction and resentment of the lower class people towards the rulers. In the late Western Zhou Dynasty, the political situation in Hunan was characterized by social turmoil and increasingly sharp conflicts. The majority of slaves were deeply oppressed by the slave nobles and were in dire straits. They accumulated endless suffering and resentment and vented their inner dissatisfaction with the upper class nobles through poetry and satirized the slaves. It mainly refers to a society that controls "power" but is "unkind", so "National Style", which contains folk songs from various countries, has the most resentful poems. This is consistent with Confucius' thought of "benevolence". Confucius advocated benevolence to the people and opposed tyranny. "The benevolent love others" and "Don't do to others what you don't want others to do to you." If the rulers are kind to the people, there will be no resentment; but if the rulers are "unkind" to the people and arouse the resentment of the lower class, people can use poetry to "grievances against the government." So, how does "poetry can be resentful" change from the function of poetry to the theory of poetry creation? On the one hand, the "Book of Songs" contains a large number of poems about complaint. "According to statistics, there are as many as 164 poems about sorrow and complaint in the Book of Songs, accounting for about 54% of the total number of poems. "Guofeng" and "Xiaoya" are the most representative poems in the Book of Songs. The essence of thought and art, 104 of the 160 poems in "Guofeng" are grievance poems, 54 of 74 poems in "Xiaoya", and 31 in "Daya". There are 6 poems of resentment, only "Ode" has no poems of resentment."
Based on the content of "resentment", there are two main categories:
The first is resentment against national politics, such as The resentment of harsh officials, the resentment of Muli, the resentment of officialdom, etc., such as "The Book of Songs: The Decline" is a song of resentment sung by ordinary people who have suffered from hard labor, expressing the resentment of the servicemen against the oppressors; "Muli" is The poet laments the decline of the country and the displacement of the people; "The First Moon" criticizes the darkness of society and expresses political sorrow. These grievance poems reflect the impact of social and political darkness and the rupture of mountains and rivers on the people. The people have lived in dire straits under the dark politics, and have lived in dislocation amid the destruction of their country and their families. Social injustice has caused misfortune in individual lives, and they express their resentment through complaint poems.
The second is personal emotional resentment, such as the resentment of failure in official career, the resentment of a wanderer missing his family, the resentment of an abandoned wife missing her husband, the resentment of real suffering, etc. "The Book of Songs·Xintai" is a satire of the Wei people during the Spring and Autumn Period on Duke Xuang of Wei's ugly behavior of robbing his daughter-in-law, expressing the sorrow and resentment of Qi's daughter marrying someone else; "Jiang Zhongzi" expresses dissatisfaction and resentment against the evil forces that obstruct free love. The soldiers in "Plucking Wei" have been fighting abroad for many years, "spending their homes and homes" and "living together", which reflects the poet's resentment towards the cruel war. At the same time, the poet's personal experience is closely related to the social environment in which he lives. He also reflects the tragic resentment of the common social psychology at that time and has profound ideological connotations.