The performance of three poems at the ceremony naturally has its significance, and these three poems are actually integrated. In the past, when we read poems, we always read them one by one and analyzed them one by one, but sometimes we ignored the characteristics of rites and music. One of the three poems is called Jingzhi:
It must be remembered that heaven is in the dark, and the fate of heaven cannot be changed. Hugh said that the sky was high and the wise men and wise men went down to the court, all the time, in autumn. Although I was young when I became king, I was wary of wisdom. After a long day, I study hard, and I continue to study when I am tired. On the day of success, the knowledge accumulated into light, and the courtiers supported my great task and showed me the virtue of governing the country.
This poem consists of twelve sentences, the first six of which were told by the minister at the ceremony of the new king's accession to the throne to respect heaven. Because the destiny is prominent, don't think that the sky is high and the clouds are light, it will often come to the world to observe the people's feelings. In the political philosophy of the dynasty, genius is the master, and the king is only subject to destiny. Once he violates his destiny, he will lose the world, so as a monarch, he must respect heaven. Next, "Wei Yu Kid" obviously changed his tone, which should be the self-report of the new king. The young king said that he would be pious and respect heaven, and told his ministers to help him accomplish his great duty, and often taught himself what the way of visiting was.
After making these two points clear, let's go back to the poems of Luming Literature, Mu Si and Huang Huangzhe Hua. The life of The Book of Songs is that it is based on rites and music, so it can be revealed only by exerting the function of poetry. First, let's look at Luming Literature.
Shandi
A herd of deer, yo, ate mugwort in Ye Yuan.
The deer croaked his friends to eat apple grass in the field. Apple, also known as hawthorn, also known as pearl fragrance, belongs to Compositae, green, and some stems and leaves are white and gray, which can be used as spices and eaten by deer. But in fact, the deer's favorite food is grass, so the word "ping" in this sentence has no real meaning. The key point of this sentence is to lead companions and friends to say hello. ? Shandi
In terms of expression, this is a metaphor, saying something else first leads to words being sung. Poetry is like this. Later generations once asked whether it was inappropriate to compare a gentleman's banquet to a wild animal, but ancient people didn't care much about it. These two strokes add a lot of meaning to poetry, which is difficult to express in words. Many times, the language of poetry is not to express anything, but to arouse some beautiful feelings in our lives through language, which is the characteristic of poetry language.
I have a group of good guests, playing the piano and playing the piano.
The word "guest" has been used to this day. "Ke" mainly refers to guests, but there is a difference between "Ke" and "Ke" in ancient Chinese. In the Zhou dynasty, "guest" means "the first king and the last queen" to visit his home. The guests themselves have the meaning of respect, but they have the meaning of outsiders. We can still see this meaning when we often say "courtesy" today. "Bin" refers to the inner minister, and refers to the princes who were enfeoffed to various places by the Zhou royal family. It is inferred that these people are brotherly ties. This kind of guest is called "guest, respected"
"Drum" refers to "beating", which belongs to one of the ancient eight tones and is often made of paulownia. (Note: Eight tones, the ancient classification method of musical instruments, divided musical instruments into eight categories according to different materials: Shu, Tu, Pi, Mu, Shi, Jin, Si and Zhu. Love poems mentioned that in archaeological discoveries, many harps were unearthed in the Warring States period, and the number was relatively small. However, in the Book of Songs, harps and harps always appeared in pairs, which is a plucked instrument.
A blowing sheng reed, a basket of gifts.
Sheng, which belongs to "Hm" in the eight tones, was once unearthed in the tomb of Zeng Houyi, and its shape is somewhat like Lusheng, which is still used by ethnic minorities in southwest China. Its buzzer is barrel-shaped, made of gourd, perforated and inserted into the pipe. The pipe has a reed, which can make sound by vibration. Reed is commonly known as "tongue" Basket is a gift, acceptance is a gift, and basket is used to hold cloth and silk gifts.
It can be judged that this banquet belongs to the Yan Li system, and it needs gifts to entertain guests from all over the world. The "ceremony" of "ritual music" has two meanings, one is the ceremony, and the other is the gift in the hand. Western anthropologists have specially studied "ceremony", which is necessary for human communication. In some places in Shandong, Confucius saw Lao Zi, with a wild goose in his arms and a lamb in his arms, with different status and gifts. These gifts have a proper name, called "Li Zhijian".
It is human nature to always bring some gifts when meeting people. This is similar to the previous truth that "people lose their morality and should learn from it." There are not many things, what matters is whether we respect each other. So is the so-called "sending goose feathers a thousand miles away is light and important". Dating between countries requires gifts. It is recorded in the Book of Rites and The Book of Rites that some countries even give their important jade articles to each other, but these heavy objects will not be accepted by the other party. This is also a sign of politeness.
People are very kind to me, just like showing me the way.
"Good" is pronounced as the verb "Good" here. I like it. Zheng Xuan in the Eastern Han Dynasty read this word as "h m 4 o", and Mao Heng, who was earlier than Zheng Xuan, read this word as "Hao". Here we choose Mao Heng's reading method. "Zhouxing" originally refers to the road leading to various places in the Zhou Dynasty. For example, in "Xiaoya Dadong", the roads leading to various places in the Western Zhou Dynasty were as smooth as a grindstone.
In the Western Zhou Dynasty, feudalism was practiced, and there were frequent exchanges between princes and the royal family, so roads were built. As we all know, Qin Shihuang built many Chidao. According to Cambridge's History of China, the roads built in the Qin Dynasty were even longer than those in Rome. In fact, the road construction began as early as the Zhou Dynasty. If a big kingdom wants to run the quartet, it must first build access roads. The word "Zhou Xing" in The Book of Songs was originally "Zhou Dao", and its metaphorical meaning is used here, which refers to the road to a distant place.
Banqueting guests is not only to satisfy the delicious food, but more importantly, to enhance friendship and enlighten each other in the direction of life. The artistic conception of the whole poem is very beautiful. First, write about calling friends of deer, and then describe the scene of beating and advocating sheng at the banquet, and combine "beating and advocating sheng" with "blowing sheng drum spring" most sincerely. The above is the first chapter.
A herd of deer, suffering in Ye Yuan. I have a group of good guests and noble character.
The meaning of the second chapter is basically the same as that of the first chapter. Poetry is to be sung, so it has to be repeated, as many songs do. There are "three layers of sunshine" in guqin music, which is also a cycle. Artemisia refers to Artemisia annua, Deutsche Bank refers to good reputation, and Zhao Zhao is famous.
Xiunan's example is not frivolous, and gentlemen and sages follow suit.
"Sight" means "show" and display; "Yi" leads to "Yi" and is frivolous; "Then" and "effect" are both "following". When gentlemen meet, the principle to be followed is to show people in a solemn way, not frivolous.
In the Western Zhou Dynasty, gentlemen mainly referred to nobles. By the time the Analects of Confucius was published, the meaning of a gentleman had begun to change. The Analects of Confucius is a work in the Spring and Autumn Period, in which "gentleman" sometimes refers to people in position and in office, while "villain" sometimes refers to people who are not in office and sometimes refers to people with morality and ambition. In contrast, villains refer to those who have no morality and ambition. But this is not absolute, such as "you are a gentleman of Confucianism, and you are an inaction villain of Confucianism". The "little Confucian" here refers to the worthless Confucianism. In the Western Zhou Dynasty, a gentleman was a nobleman.
I have good wine and spirits, entertaining guests and having fun.
"Purpose" means "mellow and sweet"; "Yes" and "Yes" are both structural words, meaning "There are both brothers of ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… "The' shape' here means desire. But this usage is obvious in some places and not very strong in others. " Ao "and" ao "are homonyms, roaming; ""Swallow it, be happy and be free. The second chapter still expresses the welcome to the guests, and in addition, it adds a content to praise the "German voice" of the guests.
A herd of deer, yo, were eaten by the Qin army. I have a group of good guests, playing the harp and playing music.
Playing the harp and piano, playing music, enjoying joy and laughter. I have good wine and good wine, and I have dinner guests in my heart.
The third chapter talks about "hospitality", and it is reasonable to entertain guests in order to truly enhance friendship. Qin is a creeping weed, similar to reed. The ancients explained that "cattle and horses like to eat." Lu Ji, a scholar in the Three Kingdoms period, wrote Shi Mao's Poems of Plants, Birds, Animals, Insects and Fish to explain the famous things in the Book of Songs, which is very important for understanding the Book of Songs. "Harmony" and "music" are all "music"; Zhan means profound, and Lan Zhan is pronounced dān, following the ancient sound form. In ancient times, there were only d and t, but no ZH, ch and sh, which is often said in phonology.
The overall style of the poem "Luming Literature" is "moderate and correct", which is very peaceful and tranquil.