Two pre-Qin dynasties: Guan Zhong (? ~ 645 BC) was named Yiwu, given the courtesy name Zhong, and had the posthumous title Jingzhong. A native of Beiguangu Village, Yingshang County. An outstanding politician in the Spring and Autumn Period. Born into poverty, he traveled with Bao Shuya in his early years and started a business partnership. Since his mother's hometown was poor, he was often supported by Bao Shuya and became a close friend. When Duke Xiang of Qi was in chaos, he helped Prince Jiu compete with Prince Xiaozi for the throne. After the failure, he was recommended by Bao Shuya and was appointed as Shangqing by Duke Heng of Qi, with the honorific title of "Zhongfu". After ruling Qi for 40 years, he carried out comprehensive reforms in internal affairs, economy, and military affairs, and formulated a series of strategies to enrich the country and strengthen the army. It is proposed that "if the warehouse is full, you will know etiquette, and if you have enough food and clothing, you will know honor and disgrace." He regards etiquette, righteousness, integrity, and shame as the four dimensions of the country, and believes that "if the four dimensions are not maintained, the country will perish" ("Guanzi·Herdsmen"). It is authorized to select talents among the common people, promote them exceptionally, and pay attention to rewarding diligence and punishing laziness. And rationally divide administrative regions, combine administrative organizations with military establishments, unify military and political leadership, and enhance national defense capabilities. Since then, the country's strength has greatly increased. Externally, he called on "respect the king and repel the barbarians" and "unify the nine princes to bring order to the world", making Duke Huan of Qi the first overlord in the Spring and Autumn Period. He is the author of the book "Guanzi", with 86 chapters in total, 76 of which are extant today.
Zhuangzi (approximately 369 BC to 286 BC) was named Zhou and given the courtesy name Zixiu. During the Warring States Period, he was a native of Meng (now Mengcheng, some say Shangqiu, Henan and Caoxian, Shandong). Famous philosopher and writer. When he was with King Hui of Liang and King Xuan of Qi, he was friends with Hui Shi. He served as an official in the Mongolian Painting Garden, but later abandoned his official position and lived in seclusion, weaving straw sandals and fishing in Pudong. He once borrowed money from Jianhehou. King Wei of Chu generously invited him to be his prime minister, but Zhuang mocked him and refused to accept him, saying "he will never be an official for the rest of his life." When his wife dies, he sings in poverty. Zhuangzi is the representative figure of Taoist school after Laozi. His philosophical thoughts had a great influence on metaphysics, Buddhism and Neo-Confucianism. The articles he wrote, especially the fables, are rich in content, majestic, sharp, profound in meaning, and have a strong romantic color. Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty gave him the title of "Nanhua Zhenren", and his book "Zhuangzi" is also called "Nanhua Zhenjing", with 52 chapters in total, 33 of which are extant (7 internal chapters, 15 external chapters, and 11 miscellaneous chapters). The inner chapters collectively represent Zhuang Zhou’s thoughts; the outer chapters and miscellaneous chapters are a compilation of Zhuangzi’s later opinions. According to "Historical Records", there is a Zhuangzi Temple in Mengcheng, and Su Shi recorded it.
Gan Luo was a native of Xiacai (now Ganluo Township, Yingshang County) at the end of the Warring States Period. Grandson of Qin Zuo Prime Minister Gan Mao. At the age of 12, he became a retainer of Lu Buwei, Prime Minister of Qin. Qin sent Zhang Tang to Yan State to serve as prime minister. Tang Yin had attacked Zhao State for King Zhao of Qin, and he was afraid that King Zhao would take revenge when he attacked Zhao State on his way. Lu Buwei personally invited Zhang Tang, but he still refused to send an envoy. Gan Luobie made a surprise attack. He first persuaded Zhang Tang with his interests, and then went to Zhao as an ambassador for Qin. He persuaded the king of Zhao to cut five cities from Qin and spread them across the Guanghe River. Then he joined Qin to attack Yan and captured Shanggu (now Hebei). Huailai southeast) 30 cities, dedicated 11 cities to Qin. Because Gan Luo was highly praised, he was named Shangqing. After his death, he was buried on the bank of Yingshui River, 35 miles east of Yingshang City, south of today's Mugangzi.
Chen Sheng (? ~ 208 BC) was named She. He was a native of Yangcheng (now part of Guzhen County, some say southeast of Dengfeng, Henan Province). Born as a farmhand. In the first year of Qin II (209 BC), he was conscripted to garrison Yuyang (now southwest of Beijing). He was delayed due to floods and was executed according to Qin law. So he and Wu Guang launched an uprising of 900 fellow garrison soldiers in Daze Township, Qixian County (now Liucunji, southeast of Suxian County). Various places responded one after another, and the team grew to tens of thousands. Zhang Chu's regime was established in Chen County (now Huaiyang, Henan), and Chen Sheng was promoted as king. Xuan sent troops to capture the lands of Zhao and Wei, and then sent Zhou Wen to lead the main force to attack Guanzhong. After Zhou Wen was defeated, Qin general Zhang Han counterattacked with superior troops and besieged Chen County. Chen Sheng led his army to counterattack, but failed and retreated to Chengfu (now southeast of Guoyang), where he was killed by the traitor Zhuang Jia.
Fan Zeng (277 BC ~ 204 BC) was born in Juchao (now Chaohu City, some say Tongcheng) in the Western Han Dynasty. Curious plan. At the end of Qin Dynasty, Xiang Liang was advised to make a descendant of King Chu Huai King. The Qin army surrounded Julu, and King Huai of Chu sent Song Yi, Xiang Yu and others to rescue Zhao as the last generals. Later, he became an important adviser to Xiang Yu, assisting Xiang Yu in dominating the princes, and was respected as "Yafu". Feng Liyanghou. Xiang Yu was repeatedly advised to eliminate hidden dangers as soon as possible, but his father betrayed Liu Bang and once set up a "Hongmen Banquet", but the plan was not used by Xiang Yu. Later, Xiang Yu became more suspicious of Liu Bang's counterintuitive plot and reduced his power, so he left angrily. On the way, he developed gangrene on his back and died in Pengcheng. There is "Yafu Mountain" in Chaohu City today.
Ying Bu (? ~ 195 BC) was a native of Liu County (now Liu'an County) during the Qin Dynasty. Less punishment for tattoos, also known as tattoos. He first served as a servant in Lishan Mountain and built the tomb of Qin Shihuang. At the end of Qin Dynasty, the Lishan prisoners revolted and responded to Chen Sheng and Wu Guang. He returned to Xiang Liang, rescued Zhao from Xiang Ji, crossed the river to attack the Qin army, and won a great victory in Julu. He is often the vanguard in the army and has great power. After the death of Qin, Xiang Yu named him the King of Jiujiang, with the capital of Liu (now the north of Liu'an County). During the Chu-Han War, he returned to the Han Dynasty and joined forces with Han Xin and Peng Yue from Huainan to destroy Xiang Yu in Gaixia. He was granted the title of King of Huainan. In the eleventh year of Emperor Gaozu of the Han Dynasty (196 BC), Han Xin and Peng Yue were killed one after another, so he raised troops to rebel against the Han Dynasty. He was defeated and fled to Jiangxi, where he was trapped and killed by Wu Chen, the king of Changsha.
Zhang Liang (? ~ 189 BC), also known as Zifang. He was born in Qinchengfu (now part of Bozhou City). His ancestors were Han nobles. After Qin destroyed Han, he made friends with assassins and attempted to assassinate Qin Shihuang in Bolangsha. Later, he changed his name and hid in Xiapi. He met Huang Shigong and obtained "Tai Gong's Art of War". Before 208 BC, he gathered a crowd to return to Liu Bang, and soon lobbied Xiang Liang to make the Han nobles the king of Han, and he was appointed Situ. The King of Han is the father of Xiang Yu, associates with Liu Bang, and is Liu's important adviser. Liu Bang led his troops to Xianyang and was nostalgic for palace life. Liang and Fan Kuai urged Liu Bang to close the palace and treasury and return the army to hegemony.
During the Chu-Han War, he proposed strategies such as not establishing descendants of the Six Kingdoms, uniting Yingbu and Pengcheng, and winning over Han Xin. He also advocated pursuing Xiang Yu and completely annihilating the Chu army, all of which were adopted by Liu Bang. He and Han Xin compiled various military works since the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period. The Han Dynasty was established and he was sealed and kept waiting.
Wen Weng (156 BC ~ 101 BC) was a famous party member with the courtesy name Zhong Weng. A native of Longshu, Lujiang County (now Shucheng County) in the Western Han Dynasty. In the last years of Emperor Jing of the Han Dynasty, he served as the governor of Shu County, opened the mouth of the Jian River, irrigated 1,700 hectares of farmland in Fan County, and developed water conservancy and agricultural production. At the same time, schools were established and education was established, and 18 outstanding people from Shu County, including Zhang Shu, were sent to the capital to study for doctoral degrees and then teach students after they returned. In 141 BC, a literary lecture hall was built in the south of Chengdu. Those who enrolled were exempted from corvee service, and those with excellent grades were appointed as county officials.
Huan Tan (23 BC ~ 56 BC) was named Junshan. He was born in the Eastern Han Dynasty (today's Huaibei City), the Prime Minister of the State. He was erudite and knowledgeable at a young age, and had studied the Five Classics extensively. He often debated doubts with famous Confucian scholars such as Liu Xin and Yang Xiong. He is good at music and likes to play the piano. Wang Mang was the music director at that time. Emperor Guangwu of the Han Dynasty came to the throne, and Song Hongju, the chief minister of Tan Shou, paid homage to Yilang. Because he opposed the theology of prophecies and said that "the prophecies are not scriptures", Emperor Guangwu regarded him as "unsage and lawless" and was executed several times. Later, he was exempted from death penalty and served as the magistrate of Lu'an County. He died of illness on the way. He was over 70 years old. The "New Theory" he wrote was lost early, and a few chapters exist in the "Quan Hanwen" written by Yan Kejun of the Qing Dynasty. His philosophical thoughts had a great influence on the development of atheism in later generations. After the death, there is a tomb. In 1987, Huaibei City built the "Huan Tan Memorial Pavilion" and placed the "Huan Tan Memorial" at the foot of Xiangshan Mountain.
Huan Rong's courtesy name is Chunqing. Born in the Hongjia period of Yangshuo, Emperor Cheng of the Western Han Dynasty (about 24-17 BC). He was a native of Longkang, Qiao State (now part of Huaiyuan County). A master of Confucian classics in the Eastern Han Dynasty. According to "Xu Hanshu": "Rongben was a native of Qi. After Duke Huan, he was given the posthumous title of Mingshi and moved to Longkang to Rongliuye." He grew up in a poor family and went to Chang'an to study. He became a teacher of Dr. Zhu Pu and worked hard to achieve his studies. He did not return home for 15 years and finally completed his studies. In the 19th year of Han Jianwu (43), when he was over 60 years old, he was appreciated by Emperor Guangwu Liu Xiu. He paid homage to Yilang and asked him to teach Prince Liu Cheng. Rong cut the 400,000-word "Shangshu" ("Shangshu"), which had "more rhetoric than reality" into 230,000 words to educate the prince, which was highly praised by the court and Confucianists. In the twenty-eighth year, I paid homage to Prince Shaobo, and in the thirty-year year, I paid homage to Taichang. In the second year of Yongping (59), I prayed for the fifth watch. Soon the customs will be closed and waiting inside. Died at the age of more than 80 years old.
Fan Pang (137～169) was named Meng Bo. A native of Xiyang, Runan, Han Dynasty (now part of Taihe County). Shaojie Qingjie is valued by the village. He was promoted to be an incorruptible official, served as an imperial envoy of the Qing Dynasty, promoted to the head of Guang Luxun, and moved to Runan to be the prefect of Zongzi. He was upright and selfless, not afraid of powerful people, and often made friends with imperial students to rebel against the eunuchs. In the ninth year of Yanxi (166), he, Li Ying, Du Mi and others were falsely accused by eunuchs and imprisoned. Released the following year. In the second year of Jianning (169), he was falsely accused of seclusion by eunuchs again and died in prison.
Hua Tuo (?～208) is also known as 旉, with the characterized character. In the late Eastern Han Dynasty, he was born in Peiguoqiao (now Bozhou City). He was eager to learn when he was young, well versed in the Five Classics, and especially good at medicine. Chen Gui, the prime minister of Pei State, and Taiwei Wan recommended him to serve as an official many times, but they all refused. He practiced medicine throughout his life and traveled all over Henan, Anhui, Jiangsu and Shandong. He was known as a "miraculous doctor" in later generations. Invented the traditional Chinese medicine anesthetic Mafei San, used it to treat gastrointestinal accumulation and other diseases, and performed abdominal surgery after anesthesia. This is the earliest record of the use of whole body massage for surgical treatment in the history of world medicine, more than 1,600 years earlier than in the West. It attaches great importance to disease prevention and emphasizes physical exercise to enhance physical fitness. He also imitated the movements and postures of tigers, deer, bears, apes and birds to create the "Five Animals Play". The exercises were passed down to later generations, forming the "Daoying School" with rich content and many branches. Cao Cao suffered from head wind and asked for treatment many times. He stayed as a doctor but refused and was killed.
The left Ci character is placed. A native of Lujiang County (the county governs today's Qianshan County). A famous alchemist in the late Eastern Han Dynasty. According to the old local chronicles, he studied Taoism in Tianzhu Mountain and obtained the Shishi Alchemy Sutra. When he was a military officer of Cao Cao, he often enjoyed the dishes at banquets. In front of many guests, he immediately fished for bass in Songjiang, Suzhou, and obtained Sichuan ginger. He also sent a message to satin buyers in Sichuan to increase their purchases, which was as efficacious as a god. During a walk in the countryside, he would hold a pot of fine wine and a pound of dried meat, drink and chew it himself, which would make all the officials accompanying him drunk. If Cao Cao wants his father, he will either enter the wall or become invisible on the way, and he will not be able to catch him. I don't know where I ended up.
Liu Fu (?～208) whose courtesy name is Yuan Ying. During the Three Kingdoms period, he was a native of Wei Pei (now Huaibei City). In the fifth year of Jian'an (200), he served as the governor of Yangzhou. He went to the post alone to rebuild the "empty city of Hefei" and establish state governance. The people were happy with his government, and "there were tens of thousands of refugees returning across the country." He founded a school, cultivated fields, built Shaopi, Rupi and Qimen Wu ponds, irrigated rice fields, built high forts, built many bricks, stones and thatch, raised fish and livestock, and actively prepared for war. In the thirteenth year of Jian'an (108), Sun Quan led 100,000 troops to besiege Hefei for more than a hundred days, but could not break it.
Three Kingdoms, Wei and Jin:
Cao Cao (155～220) was named Mengde and nicknamed Ah Ma. A native of Peiguoqiao (including Bozhou City). He was young and alert, powerful, allowed his chivalry to be debauched, and did not manage his profession. At the age of 20, he promoted Xiaolian to the title of Lang, and was awarded the title of Lieutenant of the North of Luoyang. He was moved to Dunqiu Order and conscripted as Yilang. Suppressed the Yellow Turban Uprising, moved to Jinan as Prime Minister, and expanded the army. In the third year of Chuping (192), they occupied Yanzhou, lured part of the Qingzhou Yellow Turban Army to surrender, and organized it into the "Qingzhou Army". In the first year of Jian'an (196), Xuchang, the imperial capital, was presented to the emperor, and farming was established and troops were reorganized. In the thirteenth year, he became prime minister. He successively defeated powerful separatist forces such as Lu Bu, Yuan Shu, and Yuan Shao, conquered the Wuhuan nobles, and unified northern China. In the Battle of Chibi, he was defeated by the coalition forces of Liu Bei and Sun Quan.
We should pay attention to appointing people based on their talents, curb powerful forces, and strengthen centralization of power so that social and economic development can be restored. In the twenty-first year (216), he was granted the title of King of Wei. He died of illness in Luoyang 4 years later. He is proficient in the art of war and has written "A Brief Interpretation of Sun Tzu" and "The Art of War". He also has high achievements in literature. There are more than 20 Yuefu poems of his poems. His high-spirited spirit, grandeur and generous and unyielding feelings formed his unique style and made a great contribution to the development of five-character poetry. There are more than 40 essays. The poems and articles are all passed down to future generations. After Cao Pi proclaimed himself emperor, he was honored as Emperor Wu of Wei.
Zhou Yu (175～210) was named Gongjin. He was a native of Longshu, Lujiang (now part of Shucheng County, some say now belongs to Lujiang County). A famous general of Wu during the Three Kingdoms period. Born into a noble family. Luoyang ordered Zhou Yizi. In the third year of Jian'an (198), he was appointed as the chief of Juchao by Xishu. Later he defected to Sun Ce. He once led more than 2,000 troops to successively attack Wancheng, Xunyang, Yuzhang, Huling and other places, helping Sun Ce establish the Sun Wu regime in Jiangdong. Ce died and assisted Sun Quan together with Zhang Zhao. In the 13th year of Jian'an (208), he was appointed as the commander-in-chief of the front department. After Cao Cao occupied Xingzhou, he commanded hundreds of thousands of naval and infantry troops and tried to go south to destroy Soochow. Zhou Yu and Lu Su reviewed the situation and pointed out the four taboos of Cao Cao's adventurous use of troops. They personally led the Wu army and Liu Bei's coalition forces to defeat Cao Cao in Chibi, and defeated Cao Ren in Nanjun. After the war, he was awarded as a partial general, led as the governor of Nanjun, and stationed troops in Jiangling. In the fifteenth year, he led the army to advance into Western Shu (including Xiajiang, Jiangxi) due to a recurrence of arrow injuries. Proficient in music, there are mistakes, Zhou Lianggu" said. The eldest son, the Lord, worshiped the Duqiwei, and died early. The second son, Ye Duwei, later became the Duxiang Marquis.
Xiao Qiao is a famous lady in history. Ancestor place Unknown. At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, he followed his father Qiao Gong (unnamed) to avoid Cao Cao's rebellion and settled in Wan County, Lujiang (now Qianshan County). In the fourth year of Jian'an (199), Sun Ce and Zhou Yu led their troops to conquer Wancheng. Na Xiaoqiao. In the northern suburbs of Qianshan County today, there is the "former site of Qiao Gong" and the "Rouge Well" where Er Qiao dumped the remaining makeup and powder.
Huan Fan (?～249) Zi Yuanze. At that time, he was a native of Peiguo (now Huaibei City) and had literary talent. At the end of Jian'an (196-220), he joined Wang Xiang and others to write "Huang Lan" in the first year of Yankang (220). During the Ming Dynasty, he served as the commander of the army, the minister, the general who conquered the captives, the general of Dongzhonglang, and the governor of Yanzhou. He was the chief minister of Cao Shuang during the reign of Emperor Ming (240-249), and was known as the "think tank" when Sima Yi launched an army to conquer Wei. At that time, Fan persuaded Shuang to take Emperor Wei to Xuchang, but Shuang refused to listen. Cao Shuang was killed by Sima Yi, and Fan was also executed. He wrote 12 volumes of "Shi Yao Lun", also known as "Huan Fan's New Book"
Cao Hong (?~232), named Zilian, Cao Cao's cousin. Cao raised an army to attack Dong Zhuo and was defeated by Xu Rong. Hong gave Cao his own horse and raised more than a thousand soldiers to fight with him. After joining forces with Cao Cao, he later conquered Zhang Miao and Lu Bu, and was promoted to General of Yingyang and General of the Military Academy. When Emperor Wen ascended the throne, he was appointed General of the Guards and moved to the post of General of the Hussars. During the reign of Emperor Ming, he was appointed as the Hou General, and was granted the title of Lecheng Xiu. He was given the title of General of the Hussars.
Cao Ren (168～223) was a younger brother of Cao Cao. He was a commander of other departments under Cao Cao in the late Han Dynasty. He defeated Yuan Shu, captured Lu Bu, defeated the Yellow Turban Army, and welcomed Xuchang, the imperial capital. , all have meritorious service, and Yilang supervised the cavalry and enfeoffed the capital of Tinghou. From Pingzhou, he marched to the south to conquer Jiangling. When Zhou Yu came to attack, Ren ordered his general Niu Jin to go to battle. After admiring his bravery, he was transferred to Anping to attack Ma Chao. Ren was appointed as the general of Anxi and the generals refused Tongguan. Emperor Wen ascended the throne and paid homage to the general of Cheqi. He was appointed as the military commander of Jing, Yang and Yi states. General, Grand Sima. Posthumous name: Lu Su (172~217). Born in Linhuai Dongcheng (now part of Dingyuan County), he was fond of reading and good at riding and shooting. He once gave three thousand dendrobium rice to Zhou Yu, the leader of the nest, and became friendly with him. Later, he was recommended to Sun Quan by Zhou Yu. Sun Quan asked about the great plans of the world, and said solemnly, "The Han Dynasty cannot be revived, and Cao Cao cannot be killed. It is a general's plan, and the only way is to stand in Jiangdong." ", to observe the world", which was respected by Sun Quan. In the thirteenth year of Jian'an (208), Cao Cao led his troops southward. Su and Zhou Yu resolutely took the lead in the battle. They suggested that Sun Quan join forces with Liu Bei and resist Cao's army. Zhou Yu defeated Cao's army in Chibi. After Zhou Yu's death, he served as the captain of Fenwu and led his army. Later, he followed Sun Quan to conquer Wancheng and paid homage to General Hengjiang. Wu Shu" said that he had extraordinary wisdom.
Lü Meng (178～219) whose courtesy name was Ziming. A native of Fupi, Runan (now part of Funan County) in the Eastern Han Dynasty. Shaoyi Sun Ce's general Deng Dang was expected to die and commanded his troops on behalf of him. He went to war with Sun Quan and was appointed as the general of Hengye Zhonglang. Later, Zhou Yu, Cheng Pu and others defeated Cao Cao in Chibi. Sun Quan advised him to read more history books and military books, so he worked hard, and later "he was learned and wise, and he would not have returned to Wu Xia Ameng." In the 22nd year of Jian'an in the Han Dynasty (217), Lu Su died and led his army on his behalf, and was ordered to guard Lukou. In the twenty-fourth year, he led the main force to Xiangyang and Fancheng and became the governor. He went straight to Jiangling. The warships disguised themselves as merchant ships and the soldiers disguised themselves as merchants. They traveled day and night to the public security station, forcing Shu guard general Fu Shiren to surrender and occupy Jingzhou. Xuan died of illness.
Cao Zhen (?～213), also known as Zidan. A native of Guoqiao (now Bozhou), Eastern Han Dynasty. Son of Cao Cao. Shaogu was adopted by Cao Cao. Teach tigers and leopards to ride. For his meritorious service in suppressing the Yellow Turban Army in Lingqiu, he was granted the title of Marquis of Lingshou Pavilion. In the 22nd year of Jian'an (217), he served as a partial general from Cao Hong's battle with Liu Bei's troops and was promoted to a backbone general. In September of the following year, he led the army.
In the first year of Yankang (220), he became the general of Zhenxi and was granted the title of Marquis of Dongxiang. In the third year of Huangchu's reign, he was appointed as the general of the Shang army and the commander-in-chief of all Chinese and foreign military affairs. Later he served as general of the Chinese army. In the seventh year, Cao Rui ascended the throne, received the imperial edict to assist the government, was granted the title of Marquis of Shaoling, and was awarded the title of General. In the fourth year of Taihe (230), he was promoted to Tai Sima. Every time he went on an expedition, he shared the joys and sorrows with the soldiers. The military rewards were insufficient, so he used his family wealth to reward the soldiers. Later he returned to Luoyang due to illness. He was posthumously named Yuan Hou.
Cao Pi (187～226) was named Zihuan. That is Emperor Wen of Wei. Cao Cao's second son. In the 16th year of Jian'an (211) of the Eastern Han Dynasty, he was promoted to the rank of General and Deputy Prime Minister. In the twenty-second year, he was established as prince. After Cao Cao died, he succeeded him as prime minister and king of Wei. He succeeded Han and became emperor. The country was named Wei and its capital was Luoyang. During his reign, he followed Emperor Wen of the Han Dynasty in implementing the policy of quietness and resting with the people, and formulated the "Nine Levels of Zhongzheng Law", which established the rule of clan clans. Good at literature, he was a leader in the literary world at that time. His poem "Yan Ge Xing" is the earliest existing seven-character poem. His "Classics and Essays" is an earlier monograph on literary theory and criticism in my country. There are about 40 existing poems. There are 5 volumes of "Dian Lun", 3 volumes of "Lieyizhuan" and 23 volumes of collected works, which have been lost. The Ming Dynasty compiled the Collection of Emperor Wen of Wei. Posthumously named Emperor Wen.
Cao Zhi (192～223) whose courtesy name was Zijian. An outstanding poet in Jian'an. Cao Cao's third son, Cao Pi's younger brother. He was young and smart, and was favored by his father. He wanted to make him the prince several times, but he fell out of favor because he "acted willfully and did not encourage himself". He was first named King of Dong'a and soon changed to King of Chen. After Cao Pi ascended the throne, he repeatedly demoted him to nobility and made him a mere disciple, and he died in despair. His poetry is extremely artistic and has greatly promoted the development of five-character poetry. There are 10 volumes of "Collected Works of Cao Zijian" handed down today.
Ji Kang (223～262), also known as Shuye. A native of Wei Qiaojun (including Linhuan, Suixi County) of the Three Kingdoms. He was lonely and poor, and became a relative by marriage with the Wei clan when he grew up. When the official reaches Zhongsan, it is scattered in large quantities, and is known as Ji Zhongsan in the world. Erudite and knowledgeable, good at Lao Zhuang and Qigong. He is good at drums and harp, calligraphy and painting, and is as famous as Ruan Ji. He is one of the "Seven Sages of the Bamboo Forest". His philosophical thoughts advocated that "the vitality is Tao Shuo, and all living beings are endowed with talent", and put forward the theory of "transgressing the famous religion and letting nature happen", and opposed the complicated Confucian ethics. In politics, he showed his strong heart, evil spirit and sharp writing. His friend Shan Tao (Ju Yuan) joined the Sima family and was appointed Minister of the Ministry of Civil Affairs. He persuaded Kang to become an official and broke off relations with Shan Tao angrily. He was deeply dissatisfied with the dark politics at that time, so he directly offended the Sima Zhao political group who used ethics and education to plot compromising, and was framed and executed. There are 10 volumes of "Jizhong Sanji" handed down today, and there are also paintings such as "The Picture of a Lion Attacking an Elephant" and "The Picture of Washing the Ears by the Nest", etc.
Wang Fan (227～266) has the character Yuanhe. During the Three Kingdoms period, he was a native of Lujiang County (now Qianshan) of the State of Wu. He successively held the posts of Shangshulang and Changshi of Sanqi. He is well-read and proficient in arts, and has made many achievements in the fields of astronomy and mathematics. He made the "armillary sphere" (i.e. celestial sphere) based on Zhang Heng's theory of armillary sky and his own experience in observing celestial phenomena. The circumference of the "Armillary Sphere" is one tai zero nine inches and five minutes, which is smart and practical. The "Armillary Sphere Illustration" was written, and it divides the circumference into 365.25 degrees. The angle between the ecliptic and the equator is 24 degrees (today it is measured as 23.5 degrees). It is the most famous instrument in our country. Astronomers made important contributions. In mathematics, the study of pi = 3.1555 was an important mathematical achievement at that time. He was a noble and upright person and had a great reputation. In the second year of Ganlu (266), he was killed by Wu Lord Sun Hao for being "drunk and impolite".
Liu Ling (about 221~292), also known as Bo Lun. A native of Jin Peiguo (now Huaibei City). In the late Wei Dynasty, he served as General Jianwei. During the reign of Emperor Wu of the Jin Dynasty, the policy of "ruling by doing nothing" was deposed. The Sima family was monopolistic and indulged in drinking and debauchery to show their satisfaction with the rule of darkness and their contempt for etiquette. The party rode on a deer cart, carrying a pot of wine, and accompanied him with a spade, saying: "Bury me if you die." Together with Ruan Ji, Ji Kang and others, they are collectively known as the "Seven Sages of the Bamboo Forest". There is a more revolutionary teacher named "Ode to the Virtue of Wine". There are also poems "Beimang Guest House" and so on.
Constant temperature (312～373) is named Yuanzi. Yizi. When he was young, he was "bold and elegant, and his appearance was very majestic." Once the governor of Langya, the eldest daughter of Emperor Shangming was the princess of Nankang. It was illegal to worship the consort, so she was moved to Xuzhou to be the governor. He succeeded him as the governor of Jingzhou and was granted the title of General of Anxi. In the second year of Jin Yonghe (346), he led his troops to the west, directed towards Chengdu, and regained Shu. His reputation was greatly enhanced, and he was promoted to General of the West and granted the title of Duke of Linhe County. In the 10th year of Yonghe (354), he led 40,000 infantry and cavalry, marched from Zhechuan to Guanzhong, sent Jiangling naval forces, fought both land and water, and defeated the former Qin army in a row. In the twelfth year, he was appointed as the Commander-in-Chief of the Expeditions, commanding the military affairs of Si, Ji and Prefectures. During the second Northern Expedition, he arrived at Yishui River and fought with Yao Xiangju on the water. He defeated Yao's army and recaptured Jiyang. Feng Nan County Duke. Later, he was granted the title of Commander-in-Chief of the three prefectures of Bing, Si, and Ji. However, he was not accepted and granted the title of Grand Sima of the Shizhong. In the fourth year of Taihe (369), he was appointed General of Pingbei and led the governor of Xu and Yan prefectures. He led 50,000 troops and launched the third Northern Expedition to attack Qian Yan. The grain road was cut off by the former Qin Dynasty and defeated. In the first year of Wei'an (371), Fu Jian of the former Qin Dynasty led his troops to attack Jin and stationed troops in Luojian. Wen led his troops from Guangling to meet the enemy and defeated the Qin army. Later, Sima Yi was deposed and Sima Yu was established, taking charge of the central government. There are 20 volumes of collected works handed down from generation to generation.
Huan Yi's courtesy name is Shuxia, and his junior name is Ziye. A native of the Eastern Jin Dynasty (now Linhuan, Suixi County). The son of Huan Jing. At the beginning, he joined the army as a Grand Sima and was awarded the title of Grand Administrator of Huainan. He then supervised the military affairs of twelve counties in Yuzhou and five counties in Jiangxi Province in Yangzhou, and served as General Jianwei and Grand Administrator of Liyang. Together with Xie Xuan, he defeated Wang Jian, Zhang Hao and others, and granted him the title of son of Xuancheng County for his merit. He also served as the commander-in-chief of Yuzhou's military affairs, and served as general of Xizhonglang and governor of Yuzhou. Together with Xie Xuan and Xie Yan, they defeated Fu Jian in the Feishui River. For their merits, they were granted the title of Marquis of Yongyang County and the title of General of the Right Army. After the ninth year of Taiyuan (384), he moved to the military governorship of Jiangzhou, ten counties of Jingzhou, and four counties of Yuzhou, served as the governor of Jiangzhou, and worshiped the general who protected the army.
He was good at music, ranked first in Jiangzuo, and was famous for his flute playing. There is a line in Du Mu's poem "Runzhou": "When the moon is bright, I miss Huan Yi even more, and when I hear the flute, I feel sad". The piano piece "Three Plum Blossoms" is adapted from his flute music. After he died in the official position, he was given as a gift to the general on the right, and he was given the title of regular attendant on casual cavalry. He was given the posthumous title of Lie.
Dai Kui (about 325~395) was named Andao. A native of Qiaojun (now Linhuan, Suixi County) of the Eastern Jin Dynasty. Later he lived in Shan County, Kuaiji. Erudite and versatile, he was "good at literature, able to play the piano, and was good at calligraphy and painting. When he was young, he used white tile scraps and egg juice to make a monument to Zheng Xuan, which was praised as a masterpiece. He once studied under Fan Xuan. The characters, landscapes, and animals he painted are "unbroken and charming" "Funny and clever", "After Xun Xun and Wei Xie, he was actually a leader" (Xie He's "Records of Ancient Paintings"). "Records of Famous Paintings of the Past Dynasties" records his paintings "Agu Virgin Picture" and "Portrait of Sun Chuo" , "Human Playing with Apes", "Dong Weiruan's Poems and Pictures", "Haoliang Pictures", "Confucius' Disciples Pictures", "Jin Ren Inscriptions", "Three Horses and Bole Pictures", etc. He is good at carving and casting Buddhist statues. Lacquer clip sculpture method. He once sculpted the "Fifth Buddha", together with Gu Kaizhi's mural "Vimalakirti Elephant" and the Jade Buddha sent from the Lion Kingdom (today's Sri Lanka), and they are known as the "Three Wonders". He has been enjoying artistic creation throughout his life. Seeking glory and staying away from the powerful. King Taixi heard that he was good at drums and harps, so he summoned him. Kui said, "Dai An is not a person of royal family. "Emperor Xiaowu" Shubo hired him as a regular servant of Sanqi and a doctor of Guozi. He refused to accept the offer and went to Wudi to avoid him. He also wrote two volumes of "Resolution of Doubts", "Seven Sages in the Bamboo Forest" (lost), "Xianyou Zan", "Shui Zan", "Qin Zan", "Happy Fu", "Liu Huo Fu", "Wine Praise", etc. He Shangzhi (382～160) was born in Lujiang County (now Huoshan) in the Southern Song Dynasty. ). He was young, frivolous, and well-known for his conduct. He was first appointed as the governor of Linjin, and served as the governor of Chang'an. When Emperor Xiaowu came to Zuo Guangchu, he opened the government and discussed the three divisions. In the 22nd year of Yuanjia (445), he built Xuanwu Lake and dissuaded Emperor Wen from building Fangwen, Penglai and Yingzhou mountains in the lake to avoid wasting time on people and money. Outside the city of Jiankang, students gathered together to give lectures, and celebrities from all over the world came here one after another, calling him "Southern Studies". He wrote ten volumes of essays and published them in the world.
In the Southern and Northern Dynasties: He Shangzhi (382~160). Yande was born in Lujiang Qian County (now Huoshan) in the Southern Song Dynasty. He was young and frivolous, and he was known for his conduct. He first became acquainted with Xie Huan and joined the army of Chang'an. Duxiang Marquis. Emperor Wen of the Song Dynasty served as Shangshu Ling. When Emperor Xiaowu went to Zuo Guangchu, he opened the government and discussed the three divisions. In the 22nd year of Yuanjia (445), he built Xuanwu Lake and discouraged Emperor Wen from building Fangwen and Penglai in the lake. , Yingzhou Three Mountains, so as not to waste people and money. He once built a house outside Kangnan City and gathered students to give lectures. At that time, celebrities from all over the world came to him, and he wrote ten volumes of essays.
He Jingrong (?~549) was born in Qian County, Lujiang (now Huoshan), Liang Dynasty in the Southern Dynasty. When he was 20 years old, he was appointed Princess Changcheng, the daughter of Emperor Wu of Qi Dynasty, and became the Prince Consort. When he was appointed as the magistrate of Wu County, he was diligent in government affairs, caring for the people, and handling lawsuits like a god. He served as a minister for four years. He was the best in the world. When he was the prime minister, he managed politics well and changed the decadent trend since the Song Dynasty of advocating metaphysics, talking about literature and meaning, and not caring about government affairs. Later, his concubine Fei Huiming stole official rice at night and was impeached and dismissed. . Shortly after his restoration, Hou Jing invaded Jiankang and was surrounded by Taicheng. He died the following year.
Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms:
Zhu Wen (852～912) was originally named Zhu Quanzhong. . A native of Dangshan. In the fourth year of Emperor Qianfu of Tang Dynasty (877), he participated in the Huangchao Uprising when he established the Daqi regime. Later, he rebelled against Chao and surrendered to Tang Dynasty. He was named "Quanzhong" by Emperor Zhaozong of Tang Dynasty. ". In the first year of Tianfu (901), the Jin Dynasty was granted the title of King of Liang. Emperor Zhaozong of the Tang Dynasty awarded him the title "Return to Heaven and Rebuild the Heroes of Being Loyal and Upright". In the fourth year of Tianyou (907), he killed Li, the last emperor of the Tang Dynasty, and proclaimed himself emperor on behalf of the Tang Dynasty. He changed his name to Huang. The capital was established in Bian, and the country was named Liang. In the second year of Qianhua (912), he was brutally killed by his son Zhu Yougui and was buried in Yique County, Henan Province.
Zhu Youzhen (888-923). ) The last emperor of the Later Liang Dynasty, Zhu Wenzi. Zhu Wen ascended the throne and was granted the title of King Jun. He was appointed as the envoy of Zuo Tianxing Army and the commander of the Mabu Army in Tokyo. In the second year of Liang Qianhua (912), King Zhu Yougui of Ying killed his father Zhu Wen and ascended the throne. Zhu Youzhen was left behind in Tokyo and Kaifeng Yin. The following year, he conspired with Zhao Yan and others to overthrow Zhu Yougui. He became emperor in the first year of Fengli (913). Died at the age of 36.
Yang Xingmi (852～905) was originally named Xingmin, with the courtesy name Huoyuan. A native of Hefei, Luzhou (now Changfeng County) in the late Tang Dynasty. At the end of the Tang Dynasty, troops were raised to occupy Luzhou. In the third year of Zhonghe (883), he was appointed governor of Luzhou. Later, he defeated Bi Shiduo and Qin Yan, and killed Zhao Kun, the governor of Xuanzhou. In the first year of the Dragon Age (889), he was appointed as the observer of Xuanzhou. In the first year of Jingfu (892), he killed Sun Ru and entered Yangzhou. He served as the military governor of Huainan and occupied Huainan, Jiangdong and other places. Later, he moved to inspect the school and became a disciple of Tong Zhongshu, Ping Zhangshi. In the second year of Tianfu (902), he was named King of Wu and died in the second year of Tianyou (905).
Song Dynasty:
Chen Zhu (982～1061) was named Fengxiang, also known as Mr. Shunzhai. Born in a noble family. He entered Xiang at the age of 14. At the age of 40, he "defended his fame" and used hundreds of acres of his family's mountainous land for the production and research of Paulownia. He wrote the earliest monograph on Paulownia in China and the world, "Tong Pu", which introduced the types, habits, and characteristics of Paulownia. Planting, harvesting, uses, etc. are all introduced in a relatively comprehensive manner.
He has many works, covering astronomy, geography, Confucianism, Buddhism, Taoism, agriculture, medicine, and divination, totaling 26 volumes and 182 volumes. He once compiled "Chen Family Genealogy". Now only "Tong Pu" has been handed down.
Bao Zheng (999～1062) was named Xiren. A native of Hefei, Luzhou (now Hefei City) in the Song Dynasty. Tianshengjian was promoted to Jinshi, and he served successively as supervisor of Dali, magistrate of Jianchang County, tax supervisor of Hezhou, magistrate of Tianchang County, and magistrate of Duanzhou. He moved to the palace to be the Prime Minister and the Supervisory Censor. Later, he served as the direct bachelor of Tianzhang Pavilion and Longtuge, and the third envoy of Quan. In the sixth year of Jiaqing (1061), he was appointed deputy envoy to the Privy Council. When he was in Kaifeng Prefecture, he was known for his integrity, strict enforcement of the law, elimination of corruption among officials, and no fear of the powerful. His deeds were used as themes in old novels and operas, and were widely circulated. He was regarded as an image of an "upright official" and was praised by people of all ages. His remaining works include "Bao Xiaosu Memorial". Zhonghua Book Company published "The Collection of Bao Zheng" in 1963. Mei Yaochen (1002～1060), whose courtesy name was Shengyu, was known as Mr. Wanling in the world. Handicap. When he was young, he was not admitted as a Jinshi, so his uncle Xunyin was transferred to the chief register of Henan. Befriended Qian Weiyin and Ouyang Xiu for many years. He successively served as magistrate of Deguang, Jiande and Xiangcheng counties and supervised Huzhou tax. After the examination, he was awarded Jinshi by birth, changed to Dr. Taichang, and supplemented the Imperial Academy to teach directly. Tired of moving to Shangshudu, he was an official wailang. Preliminary revision of "Book of Tang Dynasty", but he died before the book was completed. The poems he wrote are profound and ancient, with occasional ingenuity, which had a great influence on the change of poetic style in the Song Dynasty. He is the author of 60 volumes of "Wanling Collection", 26 volumes of "Tang Zai Ji", 20 volumes of "Biography of Mao's Poems", 13 volumes of "Notes on Sun Tzu", "Continuation of Golden Needle Poems", etc.
Empress Dowager Gao (1032～1092), whose nickname was Taotao, was Empress Dowager Xuanren. Empress Yingzong of Song Dynasty, biological mother of Shenzong, great-granddaughter of Gao Qiong, daughter of Gao Zunhui. His younger brother Gao Shilin was involved in classics and history and was quite talented. He served as the Chongban of the inner palace for a long time. The Yingzong wanted to promote him, but he refused. After Shenzong succeeded to the throne, he wanted to build a mansion for his uncle's family, considering that all of them were honorable ministers, but Gao refused. After Shenzong persuaded him many times, he finally allowed the Gao family to be given an open space away from Wangchun Gate, and all the expenses were paid by him. Give. Zhezong succeeded to the throne at the age of 9, Gao took over the government in the name of the Empress Dowager, appointed Sima Guang and Wen Yanbo as prime ministers, abolished Wang Anshi's new law, and cut Anjuan, Jialu, Futu, and Mizhi villages to Sixia.
Li Gonglin (1049～1106) was named Boshi. He was promoted to Jinshi in the second year of Song Ningxi (1069). In the third year of Yuanfu (1100), he resigned and returned to his hometown. He settled in Chunqiu Mountain, Longmian Mountain and other places successively, and was named Longmian layman. He is fond of ancient times and erudite, good at poetry, skilled in calligraphy, and especially good at painting. His painting method was influenced by Gu Kai, and he also learned from Wu Daozi. The white-painting method he created, "sweeping away the pink and white, leaving only a faint trace of ink," had a great influence on later generations. He is also good at painting landscapes, with occasional paintings of flowers and birds. Famous painters such as Ji Shigu of the Southern Song Dynasty, Zhao Meng and Zhang Wo of the Yuan Dynasty, Qiu Ying, Ding Yunpeng, Chen Laolian and Su Yuncong of the Ming and Qing Dynasties all described his white painting method. His main works include "The Gathering of Xiyuan Pictures", "Arhat Pictures", "Jiebo Pictures", "Five Hundred Yingzhen Pictures", "Kao Jing Pictures", "Five Horses Picture" and "Longmian Villa Picture". wait.
Fang La (?～1121) was formerly known as me. He was born in poverty, and his occupation was farming and barrel hoisting. He once went to Qingxi County, Zhejiang Province (now Chun'an) to help. Unable to be harassed by Hua Shi Gang, he used Mingjiao organizations to mobilize the hungry people to "act righteously." In the autumn of the second year of Xuanhe of the Song Dynasty (1120), he swore an uprising in Qingxi Lacquer Garden, Zhejiang Province (now Dongyuan, Yejia Village, Chun'an), named himself "Shenggong", and took the reign name "Yongle", establishing a peasant regime. In late November of the same year, more than 5,000 people under Cai Zun and Yan Tan, the governors of Zhejiang and Zhejiang provinces, were completely annihilated in Qingxi and Xikeng. On December 3, 20,000 troops were concentrated to capture Muzhou, and then successively captured Shexian, Xiuning, and Hangzhou. Within half a year, 52 counties in 6 states were captured. The Song Dynasty sent Tong Guan to lead an army of 150,000 to suppress it. Due to the dispersion of their troops and the rebellion of Hong Zai and others, the rebels suffered successive defeats. Hangzhou and Qingxi fell one after another, and they retreated to defend Bangyuan Cave. In late April of the third year, the Song army invaded Bangyuan. Due to a traitor's report, Fang La and other rebel generals were captured and died in Bianjing in August. Under the leadership of Lu Shixiang and others, the remaining troops fought in Wenzhou, Taizhou and other places until the following autumn.
Lü Benzhong (1084～1145) was given the courtesy name Juren and his nickname Ziwei. Known to the world as Mr. Donglai. A native of Shouzhou (now Shouxian County) in the Song Dynasty. Lu Haowen's son. He was first awarded Chengwulang. During the Song and Yuan Dynasties (1098-1100), he was appointed as the chief administrator of Luoyang. In the sixth year of Xuanhe (1124), he was appointed as the editor of the Privy Council. In the first year of Jingkang (1136), he was granted a Jinshi background and was promoted to a living and studying scholar. In the eighth year, he served as a scholar of Zhongshushe and a bachelor of Quanzhi Academy. Dare to remonstrate directly, was dismissed from office for disobeying Qin Hui, and promoted Taipingguan. His posthumous title was Wenqing. His poems were deeply influenced by Jiangxi Poetry School. The small words are vulgar and fresh. He once wrote "Picture of the Sects of Jiangxi Poetry Society". He is the author of 20 volumes of "Mr. Donglai's Poetry Collection", "Ziwei Poetry", 2 volumes of "Children's Meng Xun", and "Guan Zhi".
Zong Gao (1107～1163) was named Xianhui, named Miaoxi, and his original surname was Xi. An eminent monk in the Southern Song Dynasty. He entered Huiyun Temple at the age of 13, and the following year he was admitted to Jingde Temple in the county. Later, he held the line and asked Zhang Shangying for an inscription. Zhang called him "Yingshuang Nazi" and his nickname was "Miaoxi". In the sixth year of Xuanhe of the Song Dynasty (1124), he visited the Zen Master's Garden in Bianzhou to learn about Keqin. The Zen master said: "The wind blows from the south, causing a slight chill in the palace." Then it dawned on me. With Yuan Wu's permission, he sat down to give lectures with him, and he was famous for his eloquent speech. In the seventh year of Shaoxing (1137), he lived in Nengren Temple in Jingshan. In the eleventh year, because he was dissatisfied with Qin Hui's surrender and Jin Renhe's policy, he was falsely accused of "slandering the government" by Zhang Jiucheng, his clothes and certificates were taken away, and he was exiled to Hengzhou, Meizhou, Yangyu in Fujian and other places. In the twenty-sixth year, he was pardoned, restored to monastic robes, and went to Mount Ashoka in Mingzhou.
In the thirty-second year, Emperor Xiaozong heard about his name and summoned him. He named him "Zen Master Dahui" and gave him the three words "Miaoxi Temple" in his royal book. Later, he sang Kanhua Zen in Yunju Mountain, and was the first to start the Zen sect, Shenhua Tou.
After his death, he was given the posthumous title "Pu Jue".