When the moon comes out, the birds are startled, and the sound enters the spring stream.
This is the first poem in "Five Miscellaneous Poems of Huangfuyue Yunxi" written by Wang Wei's good friend Huangfuyue at Yunxi Mountain Villa, and it is called "Birding Creek". According to the general understanding, this poem is a landscape poem, close to a landscape sketch, which intuitively shows the quiet and beautiful night of Chunshan. In Bird Watching Creek, we can not only see the quiet beauty created by spring mountains, streams, bright moons, fallen flowers and birdsong, but also see the poet's comfortable, considerate and clear state of mind in the sky.
If the "leisure, quietness, surprise and singing" corresponding to the poet's mood in the poem are connected in series, and then it is consistent with Wang Wei's experience of meditation, it can be seen that Wang Wei is ostensibly lyrical about the scenery, but actually includes three levels of meditation.
The first realm: people are idle, showing the realm of leisure and access;
The second realm: "the night is quiet and the mountains are empty", which shows the realm of silence and emptiness;
The third realm: although there are no famous sayings, it contains the realm of "returning to nature".
And "the birds are startled at the moon and sing in spring." It is a reflection of the degree achieved by the second level.
"People are idle and sweet-scented osmanthus falls" shows a state of mind that is comfortable and accessible.
When all the vulgar thoughts have stopped, the posture of osmanthus falling will be unobstructed. The blooming and falling of this sweet-scented osmanthus is a natural cycle, without joy or sadness. As soon as it falls like water, it will be safe and appropriate. Wang Wei, that is, Shi Fo, naturally knows the reincarnation theory of Buddhism. According to Buddhism, the primitive life of human beings is Shen Yuan, who is in an eternal cycle in a specific time and space. The external body is just the house where Shen Yuan lives. A hundred years later, the house declined, just like the withered osmanthus. At this point, Shen Yuan was free and entered the next cycle. This tiny sweet-scented osmanthus makes people feel peaceful and natural changes. Because of its quiet nature, it contributes to inner peace, so it is like quietly observing and breathing when flowers bloom. Osmanthus fragrans in Jing Ya, with its benign external environment, makes Wang Wei realize the wonderful taste of natural cycle of life and harmonious coexistence shown in Buddhism, and shows the humorous situation of "people are idle and osmanthus fragrans fall". This is the first level of emotion.
Quiet night, empty spring sky, presents a quiet and ethereal state of mind.
The night in the mountains is extremely quiet. This profound silence is a far cry from the leisure of osmanthus. The deep and wide environment has expanded and sublimated the internal environment of Buddhist practice for decades, which has made Wang Wei's perception reach the realm of "emptiness" as Buddhism said. And this emptiness means that there is no foreign object or body, but: the noise and prosperity of the world of mortals are just a mirror; The gain and loss of fame and fortune are empty. Therefore, even if everything in the spring mountain is noisy, the heart is empty.
However, this emptiness needs the help of the night. This night is the best place to abandon the floating shadow of the senses. It is broad and far-reaching, and it is most suitable for improving our understanding of the world. In this internal and external response, the mind sublimates to the realm of emptiness. As a result, the poetic display has a wonderful realization of "the night is quiet and the mountains are empty".
This implies that the environment has a positive impact on emotions. If it weren't for that night in the wilderness, maybe my mood would be different. Noise during the day is a natural expression of life. Because of the sunshine, under the eyes and ears, the emotion of Meishan water is like mountain flowers, clouds rushing and springs flowing.
When the sun retreats and night falls, everything is hidden out of sight. For the Buddha, the quiet realm of osmanthus falling can easily suddenly sublimate into the vast silence. When the heart is silent to the extreme, the flowing peach blossoms turn a blind eye, the brain is purified into a blank, and the truth of the world is clearly visible.
This spring mountain is usually understood as a mountain where everything in the world blooms in spring. However, if we understand it from another intention of the ancients, our feelings about this poem will be different. If it conforms to Wang Wei's understanding of Buddhism for decades, this spring scenery has become his inner concern and introspection about the word "love".
Spring mountain, in the eyes of poets, is a metaphor for girls; Spring flow is a vivid expression of a woman's bright eyes. It has always been the poet's intention of beauty, and the beauty of Meishan is the intoxicating rhythm of love between men and women. For thousands of years, men and women have been fascinated and even addicted.
There are Sima Xiangru's Phoenix Seeking the Phoenix, Lu You's Hairpin Phoenix, Liang Zhu become a butterfly's tragic story, and Nalan's fascinating "Life is just like first sight". A word of this feeling, with the magic of bone erosion and soul erosion, intoxicates and kills people. The practice of Buddhism is to constantly get rid of feelings and sublimate into compassion.
Wang Wei thinks that after decades of practice, he has looked down on the relationship with women, even in his heart. So there was the complacency of "the night is quiet and the mountains are empty". Since the "spring mountain" represented by this feeling is empty, so is the inner nature. Isn't this what Buddhists call emptiness? !
Wait a minute, this empty state is due to the help of the night, according to Zhuangzi, or rely on. When the external environment interferes, this state of mind is not necessarily empty. Therefore, there is a fluctuation of "when the bird is surprised in the moon and the spring flows".
The word "out of the moon" is extremely implicit and simple, which shows the external environment in which artistic conception interferes with the image. Why does the quiet scene in The Moon Rises scare the sleeping birds? It turns out that this moonlit night is the sustenance of acacia and love in people's hearts. Look at the following verse, and it will be clear at a glance.
"The moon, now full of the sea, the end of the world * * *. People who love hate long nights and sleepless nights and miss their loved ones. Put out the candle to love this moonlit room, and I wander in the deep night dew in my clothes. So I left my message to the moon and then turned to my bed, hoping to have a dream. "
This is a poem in Zhang Jiuling's "Looking at the Moon and Thinking about a Far Away", which is recognized as a wonderful expression of the relationship between men and women, and how many people can resist the lingering sadness of "willow shoots on the moon and people meet after dusk".
Therefore, this silent "moonrise" is even more magical than a tiger! The love root hidden in the poet's heart was awakened by the bright moonlight, so it turned into a mountain bird and sang on the spring stream from time to time.
This spring is very clear. Spring is the mountain of spring and the intention of beauty to express her feelings. A stream is a stream between two mountains, just like affectionate eyes. Spring sword, isn't it love the water, who loves mountains? ! Isn't that titmouse chirping by the spring the cheerful cry of nature?
However, Wang Wei actually used two words of spring in his short poem of the cross, which shows that the word of spring has a special meaning and is by no means a superficial interpretation. He understood Chunshan as Chunshan and Chunxi as Chunxi. It is more reasonable to express emotions with spring mountains and waters. It is not enough to use a spring mountain, but also to write the water of Meishan with a spring stream.
Therefore, after Wang Wei's second sentence, "the night is quiet and the mountains are empty in spring", he suddenly understood that his so-called emptiness is actually just superficial emptiness, but in fact there are still deep feelings in his heart. So, when I look back, I understand that my so-called emptiness is displayed against the background of the quiet night. In fact, it has not achieved real emptiness. Such a state of mind, under the temptation of moonlight, is aroused by the hidden feelings in the spring mountain stream, and from time to time, it can't help singing like a cheerful mountain bird.
This kind of twists and turns is really wonderful, just like a sudden wave of still water, stirring the quiet situation into a vigorous spring tide, washing away the static appearance and revealing the poet's true realm, which seems empty but not empty.
This reflection really awakened the poet. Originally, I thought I had been practicing for decades, and my feelings had already been repaired. Who knows, the moonlight that gave birth to my feelings is still singing.
Face up to your inner world, this is an opportunity to improve your mood. It is through this awakening that the third realm that Wang Wei expected to reach can be vividly portrayed.
Returning to nature is the ultimate goal of Buddhism and Taoism. The cultivation of Dafa is to get rid of all desires and attachments, especially attachment to feelings, and return to the most authentic and good original state. However, with the help of the external environment, the realm of emptiness is not really emptiness.
The real emptiness is to face all kinds of temptations in reality and give up calmly; On the surface, emptiness is mandatory, which puts people in an environment with no or little temptation and makes people have to give up.
Give up because you can't get it. This kind of giving up is not really giving up. When gold and silver are placed in front of you, you can get them if you are not tempted. When beautiful women haunt you, you are not tempted. When a prestigious laurel is placed in your hand, this is the real abandonment. In the words of Buddhists, such abandonment is without leakage, and in the words of Taoists, it is a return to the original.
From Wang Wei's poems, we feel the poet's courage of introspection and his desire to return to the original, which is also the greatest inspiration for all monks. Especially in the end of the materialistic period, such enlightenment is more meaningful.
This is also the significance for us to re-examine Wang Wei's "birdsong flow".