Wang Changling
Qinghai Changyun Dark Snow Mountain,
Seeing yumenguan from the lonely city.
Huang Sha wears golden armor in many battles.
If you don't break Loulan, you won't return it.
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Clouds over Qinghai darkened the snow-capped mountains and stood in the lonely city overlooking Yumen Pass in the distance. The Great Wall has worn out its helmet and armor in many battles, and it will never come back until it defeats the enemies in the west.
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"Qinghai Yunchang Snow Mountain is dark, and the lonely city looks at Yumenguan." There are long white clouds over Qinghai Lake. To the north of the lake, there is a faint snow-capped mountain stretching for thousands of miles; Crossing the snow-capped mountains, it is an isolated city, standing in the desert of Hexi Corridor. Further west, it is the Yumen Pass, a military fortress far away from the lonely city. This long scroll, which condensed things thousands of miles away, was a typical environment for soldiers living and fighting in the northwest frontier at that time. It is a bird's eye view and a summary of the entire northwest border.
Why do you mention Qinghai and Yumenguan in particular? This is related to the situation of the war between ethnic groups at that time. The strong enemies of the west and the north in the Tang Dynasty were Tubo and Turkic. Our special envoy's task in Hexi is to cut off the traffic between Tubo and Turkic, and take care of the two powerful enemies in the west and north within one town, mainly to defend Tubo and protect the Hexi Corridor. "Qinghai" area is the place where Tubo and Tang Jun fought many times; Outside Yumenguan, it is the sphere of influence of Turks.
Therefore, these two sentences not only describe the scene of the whole northwest border, but also point out the extremely important geographical situation that the "isolated city" rejects Tubo in the south and defends Turks in the west. The strong enemies in these two directions are the heart of the soldiers guarding the "lonely city", so Qinghai and Guan Yu should appear on the screen. This is not so much what the soldiers see, but rather what emerges in their minds. These two sentences are permeated with rich and complex feelings while writing the scenery: the frontier soldiers' concern for the frontier situation, their pride and sense of responsibility for their tasks, and the loneliness and hardship of frontier life are all integrated in the tragic, open and misty scenery.
The third and fourth sentences changed from the description of the environment with scenes to direct lyricism. "Yellow sand wears golden armor in hundreds of battles" is a poem with strong generalization. The length of the border defense, the frequency of wars, the hardship of fighting, the toughness of the enemy and the desolation of the border are all summed up in these seven words. Hundreds of battles is more abstract, and the word "yellow sand" highlights the characteristics of the northwest battlefield, making people see the scene of "the ancient battlefield with sunset and sand like clouds"; From "winning every battle" to "wearing golden armor", we can imagine the arduousness and fierceness of the battle, and we can also imagine a series of heroic sacrifices in this long time. However, although the shining golden armor has worn out, the soldiers' ambition to serve the country has not been tempered, but has become more determined in the tempering of desert sand.
"Never break the Loulan, never return it" is the heroic oath of the battle-hardened soldiers. The more the last sentence highlights the difficulty of the battle and the frequency of the war, the more forceful it becomes, hitting the floor. In a word or two, the realm is broad and the feelings are tragic and rich; There is an obvious turning point between three or four sentences, and the two sentences are in sharp contrast. Although the phrase "yellow sand" describes the hardships of war, the actual feeling of the whole image is majestic and powerful, not deep and sad.
Therefore, the last sentence is not a lament for returning home without a day, but a firmer and deeper oath based on a deep understanding of the hardships and length of the war. An important ideological feature of the excellent frontier poems in the prosperous Tang Dynasty is that while expressing the lofty sentiments and ambitions of the frontier guards, they do not shy away from the hardships of war. This article is an obvious example. It can be said that three or four sentences are not empty and superficial lyricism, but only one or two sentences of rich environmental description are needed. The high unity of typical environment and characters' feelings is a prominent advantage of Wang Changling's quatrains, which is also clearly reflected in this paper. The whole poem shows the great ambition of the soldiers stationed at the border.
Disengage plug
Wang Changling
Bright moon in Qin dynasty, bright moon in Han dynasty.
The Long March hasn't come back yet.
But Dragon City will fly in,
No Hu Ma can cross the Yinshan Mountain.
Rhyme translation:
It is still the bright moon in Qin dynasty and the border pass in Han dynasty.
The movement lasted for a long time, and Wan Li's husband didn't come back.
If Li Guang, the flying general of Dragon City, were alive today,
Huns are never allowed to go south to herd horses and spend the Yinshan Mountain.
Comments:
This is a frontier fortress poem lamenting that the country has no elite soldiers. The first sentence of this poem is the most intriguing. It's here.
Great historical changes have taken place in Hanguan, Mingyue and Qin, and the battle has never stopped. How many people died when the recruiter didn't come back?
Battlefield, leaving many tragedies. Three or four sentences have written the consent of the people for thousands of years, hoping to have a "flying dragon city"
Appear, calm the chaos, and stabilize the border defense. The whole poem sings a profound and open-minded theme in plain language, and the momentum is smooth.
In one go, the song is amazing. Li Panlong of Amin Dynasty once praised it as a masterpiece of Tang Dynasty, which is not too much.
Liangzhou song
William Wang
Wine luminous glass,
If you want to drink pipa, hurry up.
Don't laugh when you are drunk on the beach.
How many people fought in ancient times?
The tunes of Liangzhou Ci are all in the name of frontier fortress, such as Liangzhou, Yizhou and Ganzhou. "The local color of this poem is very strong. From the title, Liangzhou belongs to the northwest border; From the content, wine was a specialty of the western regions at that time, the luminous cup was introduced from the western regions, and the pipa was produced in the western regions. These are all related to the customs of the northwest frontier fortress. This four-line poem is a beautiful frontier poem. Frontier poems, if based on the attitude towards war. But it did not describe the war positively, but expressed the grief of soldiers who were tired of the war by drinking before the war. The pen is hidden and tortuous. The first sentence is brightly colored, deliberately boasting about the beauty of the banquet: the sparkling wine glasses contain grapes and wine, and the soldiers get together to prepare for drinking. Writing here, I suddenly suffered setbacks: "I want to drink" but I can't help but "Pipa urges me at once". The beauty of this sentence pattern is that it suddenly leads to the turning point of text and meaning. Immediately, the band played pipa to urge people to start, which greatly changed the mood of the soldiers and forced them from a lively and comfortable drinking environment to a tense and warm pre-war atmosphere. I can't seem to drink any more! However, "you can't laugh when you are drunk in the sand." The meaning of the third sentence has changed again, telling us that the military orders are like mountains, but it is the people who urge themselves, the people who drink themselves, and make up their minds to "get drunk." "The poet seems to be pouring out his heart for the soldiers: Who cares? Although we were about to leave, we still drank and got drunk. You won't laugh at this binge drinking, will you? The word "don't laugh" was provoked in frustration, which led to the saddest and most decisive sentence in the whole poem. This is the ending. "How many people fought in ancient times? "This heckling sentence exaggerates the cruel consequences of war, reveals universality and deepens the theme of poetry. Obviously, it's not just the battle that the soldiers are facing, but the "ancient" war that all the ruling classes launched for their own interests and killed thousands of soldiers in Qian Qian! The whole poem expresses the sadness of anti-war and reveals the tragic fact that there are few survivors since the war, but it shows a tragic mood of death with heroic and broad-minded brushwork. Through this seemingly heroic and broad-minded mind, people feel more sad and disillusioned in the hearts of soldiers. The Collection of Tang Poems says that this poem "pretends to be bold and unconstrained, but in fact it is extremely sad." "It can be said that won the author's heart.
Two poems written by William Wang, Liangzhou Ci, are generous, tragic and widely circulated. This poem "Liangzhou Ci" was praised by Wang Shizhen in Ming Dynasty as a masterpiece in Tang Dynasty. "Poetry" is a famous song describing the cold side scenery. The whole poem is about a feast in the hard and desolate frontier fortress, depicting the scene of soliciting customers to drink and get drunk. The first sentence is gorgeous and beautiful, with a clear and pleasant tone, showing the luxury of the feast; In a word, use the word "want to drink" to write a warm scene, and the banquet deliberately exaggerates the atmosphere with music. Three or four sentences were written to the utmost to persuade people to be considerate, to persuade people to drink, to enjoy themselves, to forget their worries, and to be bold and broad-minded. Heng Tang retired and commented, "Being broad-minded makes me feel sad." Commentators always think that they are sad, sentimental and hate fighting. Shi Buhua's "Poems of Servitude" in Qing Dynasty commented: "It is easy to read sad words, but wonderful to read interesting words. Learners understand. " Judging from the content, there is no language that hates military career, and there is no intention to lament the passing of life. It is nothing more than the difficulty of fighting for pain, which is called sadness and seems to be reluctant to part. Shi Buhua's words have their depth. Throughout the ages, many people have different opinions, and scholars since the Enlightenment. The cold and hard environment in the border area and the tense and turbulent garrison life make it difficult for border soldiers to get a reunion dinner. It is not difficult to imagine how lucky I am to meet such a passionate and excited mood and the scene of drinking and getting drunk. This poem is a portrayal of this kind of life and feelings. The wine in the poem is rich in the western regions; Cup, according to legend, is a glass refined from white jade in the West Lake in Zhou Muwang era, which looks like "night lamp", so it is called "night lamp cup"; The musical instrument is the pipa used by Hu people; There are also words like "battlefield" and "battle". All this shows a strong border color and the flavor of military camp life. With passionate brushstrokes, sonorous tones and dazzling words, the poet set the first sentence of this opening-"Night Glass of Wine", as if the curtain suddenly opened, showing a colorful, dazzling and fragrant feast in front of people. This scene gives people surprise and excitement, creates an atmosphere and sets the tone for the lyric of the whole poem. The word "want to drink" at the beginning of the second sentence renders the extraordinary attractive charm of this feast of wine and food, shows the generous and cheerful character of the soldiers, and also has the taste of taking pains. Just when everyone wanted to drink, they immediately played the pipa. Although the military orders are like mountains, in this case, everyone is dead, and those who urge themselves urge themselves and those who drink themselves. This poem has changed the syllables commonly used in seven-character quatrains and adopted the syntax of "upper two and lower five", further enhancing its appeal. The word "immediately" is often associated with "immediately"/"start". In fact, among the Hu people in the Western Regions, the pipa was originally played on horseback. Three or four sentences in the poem are catering and drinking to persuade wine. Some people used to think that these two sentences were "be broad-minded and sad." Others said: "Pretending to be drunk is extremely sad." Although the words are different, they are all inseparable from the word "sadness". Later, on the basis of three or four sentences, especially the last sentence, it is more useful to summarize the thoughts and feelings of this poem with words such as deep, sad, sentimental and anti-war. It is obviously an exaggeration to say that "how many people fought in ancient times". Shi Buhua said these two poems in Qing Dynasty: "Sad words are easy to read, joking words are wonderful to read, and scholars are easy to understand." ("My servant tells poems") This sentence is quite enlightening to us. Why is it easy to read sad words? Because it is not preaching the horror of war, nor is it showing disgust for military career, nor is it lamenting the passing of life. Let's look back at the scene of the feast: the soldiers were really in high spirits listening to the cheerful and exciting pipa sound. After a while, they were all a little drunk. Maybe someone wants to put a cup, and then someone in the seat shouts, What are you afraid of? Getting drunk is getting drunk on the battlefield. Please don't laugh. "How many people fought in ancient times?" Didn't we put life and death at risk long ago? It can be seen that these three or four sentences are just words to persuade wine at dinner, but they are not sad. Although some "banter", but also found the most environmental and personality characteristics of the "reason" for getting drunk. Drunk on the Battlefield shows not only bold, cheerful and excited feelings, but also the courage to die, which is consistent with the warm atmosphere shown by the luxurious banquet. This is a joyful feast, and the scene and artistic conception are by no means one or two people drinking to drown their sorrows. The mood reflected by its bright language and fluctuating rhythm is unrestrained and fanatical; It gives people an exciting and yearning artistic charm, which is the characteristic of frontier poems in the prosperous Tang Dynasty. This poem has been told by people for thousands of years.