"Frost Night" is an ancient poem written by Jiang Feng. Who is the author?

On a frosty night, Jiang Feng sleeps on fire; \x0d Hanshan Temple outside Gusu City, the midnight bell rang the passenger ship. \x0d This epic poem by Zhang Ji, a poet in the Tang Dynasty, is not only a household name, but also famous overseas, and occupies an unusual position in the history of China poetry. However, how to correctly understand the unique connotation of this poem has been debated for thousands of years. In recent years, even middle school textbooks and even music circles have participated in this discussion and contention. At present, there are generally two different interpretations of this poem: one is to describe this poem as a landscape poem, such as the authoritative Dictionary of Appreciation of Tang Poetry and textbooks, and think that this poem describes the beautiful scenery of autumn night in Jiangnan water town and the poet's mood when lying listening to the clock; The other is to understand this poem as a Zen poem, pointing out that this poem creates the artistic conception of the world with secular brushwork, and it is a seven-line poem that helps Zhong to relieve the troubles of all beings with Zen. This view has attracted much attention and admiration in Suzhou. \x0d The author thinks that the above two viewpoints still fail to accurately grasp the style of this poem, and distort the artistic conception of the poem far-fetched, which reduces its style to some extent. From the outside of the poem, it shows the profound disaster brought to the general public by the An Shi Rebellion. To understand this poem, we must combine the background of the poet's time and the grammatical characteristics of ancient poetry. \x0d In the last years of Tang Tianbao, the Anshi Rebellion broke out, and Zhang Ji moved from the northwest to wuyue (now Shaoxing and Suzhou). According to the available information, we can only know that the poet arrived in the first year to the second year (72 years). As for when to visit the old Soviet Union, it is difficult to verify. Although the poet wanders in the south of the Yangtze River, he still cares about the war in the north. Most of his poems in this period showed this mentality. He wrote in the poem "Appreciating Li School Book and Watching Autumn Night Walking through the City", "... Diao Dou, a cold city policeman, embraced Longquan in loneliness and anger. Under the wind, whales fight Luochuan. The amount of millet in the empty sea is given. " "Whale vs Luochuan" refers to the fierce battle between the Tang army and the rebels in An Lushan, Henan. Lonely Anger Holding Longquan expresses the author's deep patriotic feelings and concern for the people. The last two sentences reflect the depression of the local economy after the war. It can be seen that the "Anshi Rebellion" also brought suffering to the people in the south of the Yangtze River. \x0d Zhang Ji wrote such a poem during his stay in Gusu. Try Wumen to see the county and the country, and there is new smoke in Qingming. "This poem reflects that farmers should be recruited to join the army, the old motivation in rural areas is lacking, and a large number of farmland is barren. It can be seen that the war has caused great damage to the local social economy! Therefore, when we read Night Sleeping by the Maple Bridge, which was written at the same time as this poem (it is verified that these two poems were left by Zhang Ji when he was in Gusu), we must seriously pay attention to and realize the important influence brought by the war on the poet, especially the homesickness that is hard to give up. Only in this way can we truly understand the rich connotation and spiritual essence contained in a night-mooring near maple bridge. \x0d The first sentence in Frosty Night has been controversial. But the views on the word "the moon sets" are basically the same. They think that the first quarter moon rose early at that time and sank at midnight. However, the author found that there are essential differences between the words "the moon sets" and "the moon sets" in ancient poetry: "the moon sets" means that the moon has been lost, which means that the moon can't be seen at that time; The "falling moon" means that the moon is gradually sinking, which means that the moon can still be seen at that time. For example, two sentences in Zhang's "Moonlit Night on a Spring River" and "Moonlit Night on a River" illustrate the scene of "the moon falling", and Wang Wei's "Lonely Smoke in the Desert, Long River Falling the Japanese Yen" also shows the magnificent landscape at sunset; Liu Yuxi's two sentences "The moon has fallen, and wandering children are picking flowers" in "Treading Lyrics" (Part III) show that when it is about to rain, the gathered people are scattered everywhere, and only the children who are playing are still picking up the flowers lost in people's panic. "Falling moon" obviously means that the moon has been covered by dark clouds, and the poet can no longer see the moon; Wang Wei's famous phrase "The moon rises to startle the birds, but it rings in the spring stream" also depicts the scene that the moon suddenly emerges from the clouds and really scares the tits. Therefore, the word "the moon sets" in Zhang Jishi's poems should mean that there was no moon at that time, and people generally mistake it for "the moon sets". \x0d But is there a word "crow" in the poem? The author thinks it seems inappropriate, because it has nothing to do with the "frosty day" behind. The "black body" here actually refers to the local old water crow, that is, the cormorant used for fishing after domestication. Du Fu's poem "Domestic niggers eat yellow croaker every meal", in which niggers refer to cormorants, and Shen Kuo wrote in "Talk about Meng Xi" that they are called "noisy" by fishermen. It is conceivable that when dozens or hundreds of cormorants gather on the river, their crowing will inevitably last for a long time, which makes people feel depressed and deeply sad. As for the later generations' interpretation of "crow" as crow or black magpie, I'm afraid it doesn't conform to their living habits, nor is it close to the customs of Jiangnan water town. "first frost is full of sky." So many people questioned this sentence. In fact, what the poet wants to express here is that he has been standing in the bow for a long time because he can't sleep, and his body and face have been polluted by frost unconsciously. Isn't the vast night sky outside him filled with frost? ! This sentence \x0d \ describes what the poet saw, heard and felt on the passenger ship on a cold night without the moon, but what caused him to return to the bow in insomnia? It is not difficult to imagine that, as a wanderer running around to escape the war, he can't help worrying about the safety of the country and missing his relatives in his distant hometown. Based on this, the poet actually used a metaphor in this sentence: "The moon sets" symbolizes the fall of Chang 'an and the decline of the Tang Dynasty; "Full Body" vividly depicts the rampant rebels in Anshi Rebellion. Frost all over the sky reflects the depression and tension brought by the war to the whole country. \x0d's second sentence, "Jiang Feng caught fire and worried about sleeping", has always been the main point of understanding the poem, and it is also the most controversial place. "Jiangfeng" undoubtedly refers to the maple trees by the river, and "fishing fire" necessarily refers to the fishing fire on the ship, but the key is how to understand the difficulty of "sleeping in sorrow". This also needs to borrow modern times. Maple trees planted along the river are always vertical at first, but because the soil on its downhill slope has been eroded by the river for many years, it will gradually lead to a large amount of soil loss near the river. Under the action of gravity, trees will continue to tilt toward the river, and even damaged trees will be parallel to the water surface, forming a strange landscape lying on the river, which can still be seen in some old Hanoi near Suzhou today. \x0d With this understanding, it is not difficult for us to understand the true meaning of "sleeping in worry". It turned out that what the poet saw on the boat was the maple tree leaning against the river and its "reflection" in the water. At the same time, he also saw the fishing lamp hanging obliquely on the boat and its "reflection" in the water, and found that both of them were "sleeping backwards". This situation forms an indescribable contrast with the poet's loneliness. How can this not make him feel very sad? A word "sadness" just expresses his endless grief for his relatives in his hometown. It can be seen that the poet used the brushwork of "Bi Xing" in this sentence, compared Jiang Feng's "sleeping together" with his "loneliness", and transferred his sadness to them, realizing the silent blending and agreement between the poet and the scenery, which has considerable artistic appeal! \x0d Three or four sentences, "Hanshan Temple outside Gusu City, the bell rings at midnight to the passenger ship", must be explained together, because the poet used the word "reverse order" here. Generally speaking, the poet should hear the bell before remembering it-it's the bell from Hanshan Temple, which means that the normal logical clue should be "Midnight bell to the passenger ship, Hanshan Temple outside Gusu City". It is not difficult to find that this "reverse order" not only conforms to the homesickness of the poets at that time, but also creates a special artistic conception. It is conceivable that the poet who has been sleeping for a long time suddenly heard the ringing of bells from Hanshan Temple at night. What is his strongest feeling and mood at this time? It is easy to understand that his most urgent wish is that the melodious bursts of bells can be heard by relatives in his hometown. Therefore, the correct interpretation of these two poems should be like this: Hanshan Temple outside Gusu City, although your midnight bell is so long and sonorous, it's a pity that only tourists on the passenger ship can hear it. How I wish this bell could cross mountains, rivers and plains and finally float over my hometown. Let the relatives listen together-that's the greetings and calls of the wanderers from afar ... \ x0d It must be pointed out that the hometown of the poet Zhang Ji is in Xiangyang, Hubei Province, which is located in the west of Qiao Feng where the poet was at that time. Qiao Feng is in the west of Hanshan Temple, which is in the west of Gusu City. Therefore, from these two poems, we can find that the author's creative thinking is developed from east to west according to the clue of "Gusu City-Hanshan Temple-Passenger Ship (Qiao Feng)-Hometown", which just caters to the poet's logical thinking when he was homesick at that time. If we follow the normal thinking of "hearing the bell first, then thinking of Hanshan Temple, then contacting Gusu City, and finally thinking of hometown", it is obviously impossible to truly reflect the poet's thoughts. Once Zhong closely connects himself with his hometown, the author's "reverse order" in the sentence will achieve the effect of deepening and unifying. It should be noted that "reverse order" is a common grammar in ancient poetry, such as Wang Wei's Spring is above, and the sentences "The willow color reflects the spring mountain, and the pear flower hides the bird" contain this "reverse order" structure, and Du Fu's "Phoenix perches on the old Biwu branch" in Autumn is in full bloom also adopts this grammatical technique. In fact, the title of a night-mooring near maple bridge seems to imply this rhetorical technique, because it seems more appropriate to name it a night-mooring near maple bridge according to the normal creative thinking, such as Sleeping at Qinhuai by Du Mu. The poet's "inverted sentence" technique here can still make the finishing point and deepen the theme. "Sleeping at Night" can be interpreted as "a boat moored in Qiao Feng at night", and its meaning is self-evident: isn't the poet himself a boat drifting around in the wandering years of war? ! \x0d For thousands of years, people have often used the "moon" to express their deep thoughts about their relatives and friends, such as "The sea rises and the moon rises, and at this time the horizon is * * *" "Looking up, I found it was moonlight, and then sinking, and I suddenly thought of home". However, how can we express a wanderer's homesickness on a moonless night? The poet Zhang Ji used "Zhong" to express his strong homesickness. This organic combination of "silence and sound, emptiness and reality, far and near" closely links national security with personal homesickness, and finally creates a typical artistic realm of blending scenes, which is more intriguing, exciting and thought-provoking than the previous one! This is the charm of night parking near Fengqiao, which has been sung for thousands of years! \x0d The bell of Hanshan Temple not only expresses the poet's deep yearning for his relatives in his hometown, but also is full of his cry for national peace and tranquility ... May the bell of Hanshan Temple be louder, longer and wider!