① Steps. "Historical Records Biography of Wei Gongzi": "Wang Zhao swept away and greeted him, performed the ceremony and led the son to the west."
(2) clear, clear. "Jing Ke Stabbed the King of Qin": "And the shame of Yan's seeing the mausoleum has been exhausted." Model: "In addition to rape and murder, revive the Han Dynasty."
Three buttons. "[General Tune Related] Whistle and Gaozu's Return to the Hometown": "If you owe me a millet, you will be allowed to get rid of taxes and grain privately."
4 pass away, the past. Wang Anshi's January Day: "In addition to firecrackers, the spring breeze send warm enters Tu Su."
⑤ Clean up and rectify. "Five-person Tomb Inscription": "The county wise men are in power, that is, the temple site of Wei Yanzhi is buried."
6 unless, unless. "Sacrifice to Sister": "I have no time to watch it except when I die." "Chen Zhou's Quest": "Except Bao Longtu, no one is heartless."
⑦ Appointing and conferring positions. Preface: "I am relieved of the right prime minister and Tang ambassador." Shi Mi's Chen Qingbiao: "Wash the horse and remove the minister."
In addition to worship the official. Ye Fan's "The History of the Later Han Dynasty Yang Bingchuan": (Emperor Huan) visited the Garden Mausoleum in the south for seven years, and ordered him to go to Nanyang from ..., and then committed adultery with the left and the right, and many letters were withdrawn. "
Eliminate roads and repair roads.
Except palace 1. Empty the palace. Sima Qian's Biographies of Historical Records of Lv Hou: "Dong Gong said,' I have failed to punish Lu, please remove it. ""2. Metaphor court changed hands. "Later Han Tian" records: "At that time, Queen Guo was already sparse. In October of the seventeenth year, she was abolished as the Empress Dowager Zhongshan, and the noble Yin was appointed as the queen, except for the statue. " .
In addition to the official diploma, there are letters of appointment today. Biography of Yan Yanzhi in Song Dynasty: "When the four Empresses of the Duke of Jin were buried, there should be hundreds of officials, and they should be divided from the first year of Yixi, so as to delay them and serve the people of China."
December except the moon is also called except the moon.
2. The usage of "divide" in ancient Chinese.
"Historical Records Biography of Wei Gongzi": "Wang Zhao swept away and greeted him, performed the ceremony and led the son to the west." (2) clear, clear.
Jing Ke Stabbed the King of Qin: "And Yan Jianling's shame has been exhausted." Model: "In addition to rape and murder, revive the Han Dynasty."
Three buttons. "[General Tune Related] Whistle and Gaozu's Return to the Hometown": "If you owe me a millet, you will be allowed to get rid of taxes and grain privately."
4 pass away, the past. Wang Anshi's January Day: "In addition to firecrackers, the spring breeze send warm enters Tu Su."
⑤ Clean up and rectify. "Five-person Tomb Inscription": "The county wise men are in power, that is, the temple site of Wei Yanzhi is buried."
6 unless, unless. "Sacrifice to Sister": "I have no time to watch it except when I die."
"Chen Zhou's Quest": "Except Bao Longtu, no one is heartless." ⑦ Appointing and conferring positions.
Preface: "I am relieved of the right prime minister and Tang ambassador." Shi Mi's Chen Qingbiao: "Wash the horse and remove the minister."
In addition to worship the official. Ye Fan's "The History of the Later Han Dynasty Yang Bingchuan": (Emperor Huan) visited the Garden Mausoleum in the south for seven years, and ordered him to go to Nanyang from ..., and then committed adultery with the left and the right, and many letters were withdrawn. "
Eliminate roads and repair roads. Except palace 1. Empty the palace.
Sima Qian's Biographies of Historical Records of Lv Hou: "Dong Gong said,' I have failed to punish Lu, please remove it. ""2. Metaphor court changed hands.
"Han Shu Tian" contains: "At that time, Queen Guo was already sparse. In October of the seventeenth year, she was abolished as the Queen Mother of Zhongshan, and the Yin nobles were appointed as queens, except for the image. " .
In addition to the official diploma, there are letters of appointment today. Biography of Yan Yanzhi in Song Dynasty: "When the four Empresses of the Duke of Jin were buried, there should be hundreds of officials, and they should be divided from the first year of Yixi, so as to delay them and serve the people of China."
December except the moon is also called except the moon.
3. In ancient Chinese, "except" refers to the granting of official positions, promotion or demotion? In ancient Chinese, "except" refers to granting official positions, without the meaning of promotion or demotion.
Such as: the first official to be removed from the Historical Records of Han Jing. Note: "Anyone who removes characters will become a new official if he removes the old official. It means a newly appointed official. Note: "Anything that is said to be withdrawn is a new post".
Wen Tianxiang's Preface to the South was given to the right prime minister and emissary, who was in charge of all the troops. I was appointed as the right bearer and the ambassador of the Tang Dynasty, commanding all the military forces in the country.
Another example: except for granting (granting official positions); Be summoned (as an official); Withdraw an official (give an official, withdraw an old post and take a new post)
Extended data
Regarding the appointment of officials, there are:
Ren (works) Biography of Historical Records and Meng Tian: "Tian is responsible for the outside world, but it is easy to be internal." (Yi, Meng Yi, name)
Meng Tian guarded the border, while Meng Yi planned the daily affairs for the emperor in the imperial court.
Grant (appoint an official, appoint) the biography of Han Zhai Fang: "Hold the golden seal, the red shovel and the Zhu Lun cart, that is, the army will worship."
Send messengers with gold seals to congratulate Zhu and pay homage in the army.
Except (appointed, entrusted) Chen Qingbiao Li Mi: "Wash the horse and remove the minister."
Appoint me as the prince's attendant.
Worship (conferring official position) "Three Kingdoms Shu Shu and Zhuge Liang Biography": "Worship Liang for Cheng Xiang."
Awarded the post of prime minister.
Most of them are "sign, find, recommend, mention, start, pull and point":
Demonstration, especially when the monarch summons ministers, refers to the monarch recruiting celebrities as officials. Writing "sign" in ancient times is now simplified as "sign")
Baidu encyclopedia-ancient official positions
4. "Except" in ancient Chinese refers to the granting of official positions, whether promotion or demotion: appointment and granting of official positions.
(1), table grant mandarin.
Conscription: The emperor recruited celebrities to hold official positions.
Bi: Recruited by the central government office, then recommended and appointed as an official position.
Recommendation and promotion: local officials recommend people with good conduct to the central government for official positions.
Worship: conferring official positions.
Election: Appoint an official position by recommendation or imperial examination.
Except: appointment, grant.
Grant: to grant or give an official position.
Reward: refers to the official title or title specially given by the emperor.
Seal: refers to the emperor granting titles or land to officials.
From: from employing people to official positions.
Inspection: recommendation and election after inspection.
Be an official.
Official: Official.
Shi Jin: Be an official.
(2) words indicating the removal from office.
Dismiss one's post
Shortcomings: Abolishing official positions.
Exemption: recall.
Take away: cut off.
(3) Words expressing the promotion of official position.
Promotion: Promotion.
"Promotion of former officials." .
Laura: promoting people without official positions.
Relocation: generally refers to promotion.
Me: use it.
Promotion: To rise to a formal position, status, or rank.
Add: seal, that is, add honorary title to the original official title, and generally enjoy lifelong privilege.
Worship: to grant (appoint) an official position according to certain etiquette, which is generally used to promote senior officials.
(4) if you lower your official position.
Be demoted or exiled for committing a crime.
Downgrade: ① Downgrade. ② Demotion and release.
Release: Generally speaking, it refers to the change from Beijing official to local official.
Move to the left: demote an official, especially when he is away.
Escape: To exile or demote an official.
Divide left, drop left, turn left: downgrade.
Going out to slaughter: Beijing officials were released as local officials.
⑤ Words indicating the transfer of official positions.
Transfer: to transfer an official position, generally referring to promotion.
Migration: the general transfer of official positions.
Tone: change the official position.
Transfer: to transfer an official position.
Supplement: fill the vacant office.
Change: change an official position.
F: Beijing officials were transferred from other places.
5. What are the usages of classical Chinese besides verbs? Classical Chinese includes (verb usage), (causative usage) and (verb usage).
The so-called conative usage means that the predicate verb has the meaning of "what", that is, how to treat or treat the object. Generally can be translated as "think.
"use it.
Because.
"and so on.
Confident usage is limited to the flexible use of adjectives and nouns, and verbs themselves have no intentional usage. 1. Verb usage of nouns When a noun is used as a verb, the person or thing represented by the object behind it is considered to be the person or thing represented by the noun.
Exodus 1: People in the city are very surprised that a small guest is their father. Guest: This is a noun, and it is used flexibly as an Italian verb here.
"The father of the guest" is a verb-object structure, which means "taking his father as the guest". Exodus 2: A father benefits himself.
Li: It is a noun and can be used flexibly as an intentional verb. "Let nature take its course" means "using nature" (this situation is regarded as profitable).
2. Intentional use of adjectives When an adjective is used as voluntary, it is subjectively considered that the person or thing represented by the object behind it has the nature or state represented by this adjective. Example 1: Fishermen are very different.
(Peach Blossom Garden) Different: Originally an adjective, it is used as an intentional verb here. "Different", that is, "different from this" (I think this is very strange) Example 2: The city people are very strange and are my father's little guests.
(I) Odd number: Originally an adjective, it is used as an intentional verb here. "Strange", that is, "to be surprised by it" (thinking that you can be extraordinary), the flexible use of these parts of speech can not sum up all the situations.
For example, the advantages of numerals or quantifiers can also be used flexibly as verbs or even causative verbs. Causative usage Causative usage means that the predicate verb has the meaning of "how to make it", that is, the action indicated by the predicate verb at this time is not issued by the subject, but by the object.
In fact, it expresses the content of concurrent language in the form of verb-object structure. Predicate verbs in some causative usages are used flexibly by nouns and adjectives.
Due to the different original parts of speech, the grammatical meanings expressed by verbs are not exactly the same. 1. Verb causative usage Verbs and their objects are generally not dominated and dominated, but make the person or thing represented by the object produce the action represented by the verb.
Exodus 1: Doing justice and cherishing Xirong will rule the world. Huai: bring it ... to surrender.
Exodus can shock the world and make God cry. (Preface to the story of the seventy-two martyrs in Huanghuagang) Shocked: Shocked.
Weep: make me cry ... cry. Example 3: Hequ laughs when he knows his mistake.
(Yu Gong Yi Shan) Stop: Stop (Let Yu Gong stop) Ex. 4: Fuck the military and connecting ships, end to end, you can burn them. (Battle of Red Cliffs) Go: Let Cao Jun escape 2. The causative usage of nouns means that a noun has an object, so that the person or thing represented by the object becomes the person or thing represented by the noun.
Translation should be in the form of parallel language. Example 1: King Wen is a vassal with a land of a hundred miles.
Minister: Make ... a minister. Exodus 2: Wang Zhi was the first person who broke the Qin Dynasty and entered Xianyang.
Wang: Make ... the king. In ancient Chinese, nouns were used to make verbs rare.
3. Adjective causative usage After an adjective takes an object, if the object has the nature and state of an adjective, then the adjective is flexibly used as a causative verb. Example 1: It's safe when you come.
An: Make ... An. Exodus 2: Your Majesty must be in a hurry. My head and wall are broken into a column of incense! (biographies of Lian Po and Lin Xiangru) urgent; Make ... urgent.
Exodus 3: I am sad and cold, and I am quiet and quiet. ("Biography of Pond") Sadness and coldness: make the immortal bones cold.
4. The difference between causative usage and intentional usage: causative usage means that the predicate verb has the meaning of "how to make the object". It uses verb-object structure to express the content of imperative sentences.
Faith: What do you think of ...? Some nouns and adjectives are flexibly used as causative verbs, meaning "make".
The meaning of'.
There are three kinds: 1. The causative usage of verbs. For example, the word "Lao" in "You have to suffer his heart and his bones first" means "make".
. Tired. 2. The causative usage of nouns.
It's' made'.
Become.
. Means. 3. The causative usage of adjectives.
The characteristic is to make the person or thing represented by the object have the nature or state represented by this adjective. The usage of conation indicates the subject's view of the object, or what the subject regards the object as.
There are two kinds: 1. Verb usage of nouns. For example, the word "Wang" in "The First King Broke Qin into Xianyang" means "arrive".
Be king. 2. Verb usage of adjectives.
For example, the word "shame" in "ashamed to learn from a teacher" means "ashamed". Verb usage means "how about the subject as the object".
Predicates can be verbs, adjectives or flexible nouns, for example: (1) Mrs. Jiang will open the city gate for them. (2) Waiting for death, is it ok to die? -It's also death. Is it okay to die for your country? Chen She Noble Family (3) Sacrifice must make a wish-make a wish, pray, verb action usage, translated as: pray ... (4) The third day of crying is an oath to cure it-cry, cry ... (5) Future generations mourn. Mourning, for the sake of ... Mourning the Biography of Historical Records and Funny Stories (7) was invited by the Three Commanders.
Invite three generals: discuss the battle of Qin Jin for the three generals (8) Xia Yu Qi Hou. Yu Qi Hou: Hou (driving) Zuo Zhuan Cheng Gong Er Nian (9) Chen Deng, the prefect of Guangling, is ill ... His pulse is broken.
Pulse, used to pulse the biography of Hua Tuo in the Three Kingdoms (10). Boyi died under Shouyang, and the death of his foot was beneficial to Dongling. Death: To die for the sake of fame.
Die for profit: die for profit. Zhuangzi Pianmu (1 1) is a gentleman's confidant.
To die is to die for Tao Yuanming's Jing Ke Fu.
6. Read the following classical Chinese and complete the small question1:bSmall question 2:D Small question 3:A Small question 4: As the saying goes, "Learn from Mo before distinguishing righteousness and interests/a gentleman/be a man from the heart/what is unproductive/promising/desirable/unnatural."
(***6, two 1 min. ***3 points) Small question 5:( 1) The emperor said in dismay, "As you said, it is my hand that makes the people suffer!" (2) But now I want to advocate martial arts to balance civil and military affairs, but it is such a person who was appointed. This will not only fail to convince the civil servants, but also anger the military attache.
Question 1: official worship question 2:A he, pronoun /B cong, preposition /C because, preposition d Jiang, adverb; But the third adverb: Zhang Qian wrote to the emperor again, and the emperor suddenly realized and stopped making an appointment. Question 4: There is nothing more important than distinguishing between righteousness and benefit in learning.
Righteousness is what the heart should do, not do something; When you do something, what you do is human desire, not justice. Question 5: This question examines translation ability.
(1)***3 points. "Suddenly" is translated as surprise, but it looks like ...
"False" translates into "disease" and "suffering" each 1 minute. (2)***4 points, "right" is translated into advocating, "second in command" is translated into the balance between civil and military, "Nai" is translated into unexpected, "non-passive" is translated into incorrect, and "clothing" is translated into convincing.
65438+ 0 points each) Classical Chinese translation: Zhang Qian, the son of Prime Minister Zhang Jun, was added to the official list in the shadow of his father, and was called up to write properly for the DuDu House in Fu Xuan and worship the secret pavilion.
At that time, Song Xiaozong had just acceded to the throne, and Zhang Jun, who had been demoted, was put into use. He was in charge of the military, and his men were all talented people at that time. Zhang Wei was very young then. He helps in secret planning inside and participates in many affairs outside.
His master plan was considered inferior by all shogunates. At this time, Shi, as a messenger, lost in name, but actually took away the wealth and taxes of counties and counties, and made a sensation for it.
Scholar-officials scrambled to talk about its harm, so did Zhang Wei. The emperor said, "History says he only takes the counties, not the people."
Zhang Wei said: "At present, there is generally no surplus in the tax revenue of state and county assets. If we take more than enough and use less, it will only be an excuse for invading from the people. " The emperor said in amazement, "according to what you said, it was I who made the people suffer by the courier!" " "Immediately check the truth, as Zhang Wei said, so he immediately dismissed the stone with imperial edict.
Knowing about the cabinet door is said to be a matter of worshipping officials and signing books in the Privy Council. Zhang Wei drafted the letter overnight and tried to persuade him not to. In the morning, he went to court. He blamed Yu, the prime minister, for saying, "Eunuchs were in power, starting with Cai Jing and Wang Fu; I am fortunate to be in power, starting with Xianggong. " Hearing this, I felt ashamed and angry.
Zhang Qian went on to say: "It is true that literature and martial arts cannot be neglected, but now I want to advocate the balance between martial arts and martial arts, but it turns out that the appointment of such a person can not only convince civil servants, but will probably inspire them." Xiaozong realized that the order was suspended.
But in fact, the Prime Minister secretly agreed with Zhang's opinion. In the second year, he ordered Zhang Yi to know Yuanzhou and reiterated Zhang's original intention. There was an uproar in the imperial court, and Zhang eventually died of relegation. Zhang Wei is as good as he seems, open and aboveboard, courageous and foolhardy.
Say what you want to say every time you enter the DPRK, and you will not disobey the Lord because you are happy. When he was seriously ill and dying, he wrote in person, urging the emperor to be close to gentlemen, stay away from villains, prevent trusting others with his own prejudice, and uphold likes and dislikes with the axioms of the world.
Everyone in the world is reading in cycles. Zhang Qian, known as an assistant minister, died at the age of 48.
Xiaozong was deeply saddened to learn of his death. Scholars from all over the country shed tears and mourned, and the people in Jiangling and Jingjiang were particularly sad. During the years of Jiading, the imperial court posthumous title named him "Xuan".
At the beginning of Chunyou, he was ordered to worship Confucius Temple. Zhang Qian heard of Taoism a long time ago. Zhu once said, "My knowledge is accumulated bit by bit, and Jingfu's knowledge is excellent, profound and natural."
Zhang Wei's remarks are: "For learning, nothing is more important than distinguishing between righteousness and benefit. Righteousness is what the heart should do, not do something; What you do when you do something is human desire, not justice. "
This is the main point of Zhang Wei's learning theory.