Bixing is originally two ways of expression.
Comparison is a metaphor, "compare this thing with another" (Zhu Shi Zhuan). "Other things" includes all scenery, people and things; "This thing" is what we want to express. Comparison can be clearer: use metaphors like "like, like, if, like". Implicit ratio: the words like, like, if and like are not omitted or intentionally omitted, and only the metaphor of "yes" is used. Personification: personification of things. Metonymy: borrowing something's unique symbol to replace something. In Du Fu's famous sentence "Zhumen stinks with wine and meat, and the bones on the road freeze to death", "Zhumen" is a metonymy, referring to the rich. Pun: a pun, using the characteristics of homophones in China, deliberately makes a sentence or a word have two different understandings, so that it has one meaning on the surface, but actually has another meaning. Puns are divided into two categories: puns with the same pronunciation and puns with different pronunciations. For example, in the folk song "Midnight Song" of the Southern Dynasties: "If you manage your silk, you will not be able to achieve it." Pun the "thinking" of Acacia with the "silk" of silk thread, and pun the "horse" of doll with the "horse" of cloth. The above five kinds of comparison are obvious and have no sustenance. There is also a comparison of "saying this means that". Entrust: Put what you want to express on some daily activities. For example, Du Fu's "Looking at Yue" entrusts the enterprising spirit of bravely climbing the peak through mountaineering activities. Tuogu: things, allusions, myths and legends that present people are better than the ancients. Entrustment: It is also a way to personify things. For example, The Book of Songs is a typical "supporting work". Supporters usually see things without seeing people, and people hide behind the scenes, which is different from the simultaneous appearance of things and people in anthropomorphism.
Xing, that is, "if you talk about other things, you should first stimulate words and sing" ("Zhu Chuan Shi"). From the relationship between "otherness" and "chanting things", Xing can be divided into touching things and feeling things: "otherness" has a certain relationship with "chanting things". For example, Du Fu's "Spring Hope": "Although the country is divided, the mountains and rivers last forever, and the vegetation is spring. Petals fall like tears, and lonely birds sing their sadness. " It also contains metaphor: "otherness" has both the dual functions of "causing" and metaphor, and the dual functions of "promoting and comparing" (Zhu). For example, the first two sentences of the folk song "Peacock flies southeast" in Han Yuefu: "Peacock flies southeast and wanders five miles".
With the help of thinking in images, metaphor twists and turns, citing things as metaphors. It emphasizes the content and sustenance, not just a single sentence, but the whole implied theme. For example, Shu Ting's To the Oak Tree. Another example is Li Bai's 49 pieces of Antique, and Du Fu's masterpiece Beauty, all of which use the frustration of beauty to compare their political frustration and unsuccessful opportunities.
When using metaphor, we should pay attention to avoiding formalism, not ignoring the content, and unilaterally praising vagueness and subtlety. The correct use of metaphor can enhance the folk song style of the works, which is euphemistic, natural, clear, simple and intriguing.