Xiong Jiangping, Chinese Room of People's Education Institute
Brief introduction of the author
Liu Ji (1311-1375) was a minister, politician and writer in the early Ming Dynasty. The word Bowen comes from Qingtian (now Shangjun) in Zhejiang Province. At the end of the Yuan Dynasty, he was a scholar. He used to be Cheng, Gao 'an County, Jiangxi Province, and was promoted by Confucianism in Jiangsu and Zhejiang provinces. He soon gave up his official position and went into seclusion. Later, he served as a provincial official in eastern Zhejiang, but was dismissed for opposing the recruitment of Fang Guozhen. He returned to his hometown to organize landlord armed forces and suppress local rebels. He also wrote The Fisherman, which criticized the tyranny in the late Yuan Dynasty in the form of fable. In the twentieth year of Yuan Dynasty (1360), he went to Yingtian (now Nanjing, Jiangsu) to persuade Zhu Yuanzhang to leave Han Liner, and made suggestions for his use of troops, participated in confidential work, and helped to pacify the world. Zhu Yuanzhang proclaimed himself emperor and compared him to Zhuge Liang. At the beginning of the Ming Dynasty, Ren Zhongshi was appointed as the official minister, and all etiquette systems participated in the negotiations. Hongwu was awarded a bachelor's degree in Hong Wen Pavilion for three years (1370) and was honored as a sincere scholar. Resigned the following year. He just hates evil and doesn't agree with all the heroes in Huaixi. He was finally trapped by Hu and died of anxiety. Said he sent a doctor to poison Hu. Qiao Wencheng. He is proficient in classics and history, especially astronomy and the art of war. Poetry is vigorous and imaginative, prose style is simple and bold, which is contrary to the trend of inferiority and weakness at the end of Yuan Dynasty. There are many excellent works, which reflect the social unrest and people's sufferings at the end of Yuan Dynasty and satirize the darkness and ugliness of social reality at that time. He is the author of 20 volumes including Collected Works of Cheng Bo.
problem solving
This article is selected from the collection of sincere Bo's works. "In the old society, the life of the literati class was superior, and they often found some houses outside the living room as a place to study in seclusion, which is usually called the study (zhāi). In order to show elegance, he often writes some descriptive words for his study. What is commonly called Lent? You can write it yourself or ask someone else to write it. This article was written by Liu Ji at the request of Zhang Yi, the master of the study. Articles of this nature generally include two contents: first, the situation of lent, focusing on the layout of scenery; First, the meaning of fasting lies in the master's mind. This article is written like this. " Moreover, it is "well written" (quoted from the second volume of Selected Ancient Prose). House, house, generally refers to study and school. An article recording things. This article is called Ji Zhai Ji, and as its name implies, it can be seen that it "records" the "bitterness" of "Zhai"-bitterness and bitterness.
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The ascetic monk is Mr. Zhang Yi's seclusion room. "Zhe" and "Zhe" are also typical structures of ancient Chinese judgment sentences. "Zhe" is used to describe the sentence after the subject, and "Ye" is used to judge the sentence after the predicate. Zhang Yi (1314-1369), a minister in the early Ming Dynasty, was born in Longquan (now Longquan County, Zhejiang Province). At the end of the Yuan Dynasty, the landlord armed forces were organized to help Yuan wipe away stones and pacify the peasant rebels. With his merits, he got a job in Marshal House in East Zhejiang, resigned and retired from Kuangshan. Zhu Yuanzhang was reused with Liu Ji, Song Lian and Ye Chen. It is convenient for the people to teach the field manager to tour Jiangdong, Huaibei and other places and set rents according to the field. After that, Huguang took care of the affairs and settled the fields. Later, he was transferred to eastern Zhejiang, where his son helped Li Wenzhong win Fujian. Cheng also praised the good doctor as the suggestion in the official history. Seclusion: Retire to the countryside, not to be an official. Room: house. ○ Start with a pen, stick to the theme and point out where you belong. Room 10 has (yóu) and (yíng), the same as "you". Used as a conjunction between an integer and a mantissa. English: The pillar in front of the main hall. It is also a unit for calculating houses, and each house is called a tree. Cover with a lid (máo). Mao: Tong "Mao", thatched. At the top of kuàng Mountain (diān). Kuangshan: This mountain is high on all sides and low in the middle. It looks like Kuang, hence the name Kuangshan. Chui is an ancient vessel for holding rice, which is often used as a "basket". Peak: Peak. ○ Write the mode and location of the research. The mine is located 200 miles southwest of Longquan County. Set up the state capital, in Kuocang (now Lishui County). Its jurisdiction covers Lishui, Jinyun, Qingtian, Suichang, Longquan, Yunhe and other counties and districts in Zhejiang Province. Jianxi's water came out. Jianxi: A small river under the mine. Out: occurrence, origin. Yan: So, here. ○ Write the location of Kuangshan where the bitter house is located. "200 Li" is far from the county seat, and its meaning of "bitterness" is also included. The mountain is steep on all sides. Δ o) Wall pull-ups, cliff: A cliff as steep as a wall. Steep and steep. Lift: To raise or protrude. Rock cliffs are all in Cang Shi, rock cliffs. "Rock" and "Qin" are synonyms. Pale: cyan. Offshore and mortars (j? In the middle. That is, the outer dike is in the mortar, the outer side is high and the middle is low. Shore, high appearance. A mortar is a rice milling device, which is made of stone or wood. The middle part is concave, which means it is shaped like a mortar. ○ This description of Kuangshan terrain shows the sinister "bitterness" of the harsh environment. There are only white clouds below it, which is synonymous with it. Wei: Only. It's windy there. The wind comes from the north, and the Shu 'ai people don't want to suffer. The Shu 'ai people probably are. Can't be sweet and bitter: it means that plants blown by it can't grow sweet, which makes them bitter easily. Kindness is easy. So it is one of the plants, so: so, conjunction. China: Yes. Its taste is bitter, and people who suffer physical pain are also happy. Le Sheng: Willing to grow. Yan: I see. ○ Wrote the harsh climate of the mine and the characteristics of the plants born, and directly pointed out the meaning of "bitterness". The sentence "People who suffer from physical difficulties are also happy" not only closes the top, but also develops the bottom.
In this paper, the attribution of Kuqing is explained from the perspective of environment, climate and vegetation.
In the brief introduction of material characteristics, the origin of "bitterness" is explained.
So fresh branches, yellow tillers (bò), neem (liàn) and arborvitae, fresh branches: Selected Works of Sima Xiangru's "Shanglin Fu": "Fresh yellow gravel." Shan Li quoted Sima Biao as saying, "Xian Zi also. "It is said that today's gardenia (Zhi) sub-tree, also known as gardenia, gardenia. Evergreen shrub. The fruit is yellowish brown and can be used as medicine. It is cold and bitter. Yellow tiller: the same as "yellow tiller", also known as phellodendron amurense, tiller wood, eucalyptus globulus and yellow bark tree. Deciduous trees The bark is thick, the skin is grayish white, the skin is yellow, it can be used as medicine, and it is cold and bitter. Azadirachta azedarach: namely "Azadirachta azedarach", deciduous trees, seeds, flowers, bark and root bark can all be used as medicine, which is cold in nature and bitter in taste. Platycladus orientalis: also known as Platycladus orientalis, an evergreen tree. Shoots and leaves can be used as medicine, slightly cold and bitter. Zhi: Auxiliary words, when used as attributes together with the head words, can be translated into Zhe, Cao Zhi, Zhi Cai, Shi Zhi and Zhi after Zhi Zhu. With the word "therefore", Syaraku was born in this bitter wood. Coptis chinensis, Bodhisattva, Li Ting, Sophora flavescens (shēn), Crotalaria japonica, Coptis chinensis: a perennial herb with long roots underground, hence its name. Rootstock can be used as medicine, and it is cold and bitter. Kufu: unknown. Pavilion Calendar: The real name is Bazin, and now it is called Han cuisine, and the herbal medicine is called Jian Jiang grass. Annual herb, a weed in Yuan Ye. The fruit is short pod-shaped, oblong or oval. Seeds as small as rice grains can be used as medicine. It is called prickly heat, cold in nature and bitter in taste. Sophora flavescens: deciduous subshrub. The author here is mistaken for "grass". Yellow root, can be used as medicine, cold and bitter. Herba Cibotii: Also known as Herba Cibotii (fú) and Herba Sophorae Flavescentis, it is a perennial herb of Compositae. The newborn seedlings can be eaten. When they grow up, they complain and taste bitter. " "Erya Cao Shi" and "Crochet" Guo Jin's Note: "It is as big as a thumb, hollow, with a thistle-like platform at the head of the stem, and it is edible at the beginning. "Those who have no flowers and nothing are famous for their bravery, and their juice is bitter as gall. Syaraku was born here as a bitter grass. Rehmannia glutinosa, Rehmannia glutinosa, Rehmannia glutinosa: perennial herb with yellow rhizome and plump meat. Roots and rhizomes can be used as medicine, and fresh ones are called fresh rehmannia glutinosa or fresh rehmannia glutinosa, which are cold in nature and bitter in taste; After drying, it is called dried rehmannia glutinosa or dried rehmannia glutinosa, which is cold and bitter. Processed and steamed, it is called Radix Rehmanniae Preparata or Radix Rehmanniae Preparata, which is mild in nature and sweet in taste. You Dong: A bitter herb, Compositae, with broken stems and leaves and bitter milk. Born in late autumn, the stem is three or four feet high in the following spring. After winter and spring, it is named winter. Wei: It means "reeding." Erya Cao Shi: "Good, cold paste. "Guo Pu's Note:" Today, the reed is south, and the east of the river is bitter and bitter. "Acid grass, also known as hanging golden lamp, red girl. Solanaceae, annual or perennial herbs. Berries are wrapped in bright calyx, which are orange or crimson when mature. They can be used as medicine and have the effect of clearing away heat and resolving phlegm. Pool: Wild vegetables, like bitter vegetables. Syaraku was born here as a bitter herb. Fruits of Castanopsis eyrei, Quercus acutissima and grasshopper: evergreen trees. The fruit is spherical, brown, shiny and edible, which can be divided into sweet and bitter. Torreya grandis has small seeds and its common name is Torreya grandis; Castanopsis sclerophylla seed is big, commonly known as Castanopsis sclerophylla, which can be used to make tofu. Quercus: Deciduous trees, usually Quercus acutissima and Quercus acutissima. Quercus acutissima nuts are ovoid and round at the top, which can be used as feed after astringency removal. White oak nuts are oval in shape and can be used as feed or food after removing astringency. Straw bucket: unknown. For example, the fruit of an oak tree. Syaraku was born here with a bitter taste. Bamboo shoots of the genus K, Bambusa: that is, "bitter bamboo", also known as bamboo with umbrella handle, whose stems can be used as raw materials for paper making and umbrella handle making; Bamboo shoots are bitter and inedible. Both are "bitter". Syaraku was born here with bitter bamboo shoots. Mobu people were born in Bugaro. Everything: no mo, no pronouns, no people. Tribe cloth: Similar plants are clustered everywhere. Group, cluster. Luo Sheng: List the growth. To sum up, all plants suffering from physical pain are happy to live here. Wild beehives (cháo) in the meantime, nests: nesting. Used as a verb. Flower pith (suí) is used as honey. Flower pith refers to nectar and sweet juice secreted by flowers, which can attract bees, butterflies and other insects to spread pollen. Medulla, which refers to the honey juice like bone marrow. The taste is bitter, too. The mountain dialect is called Huang Du. Dialect: A language that is different from the standard language and is only used in one region. There are dialects or dialects here. Call it: call it, call it. The first kind of food is quite painful, starting: starting, just. Quite: very, very. Bitter: refers to the bitter taste that is difficult to swallow. If you stay for a long time, you will feel sweet, then: just, conjunction. M: More, more, adverb. When energy accumulates heat, it stops, solidifies and dissipates. Heat accumulation: Chinese medicine says that heat accumulation has been in the body for a long time. Get rid of thirst. The disease of polydipsia: the disease of heat upset. ○ Writing what should be sweet honey is also bitter, but bitterness has its uses. It can cure diseases, which is different. Its (ji m) tea (chá) is also bitter. Stewed tea ":bitter tea." Tea: the ancient word "tea". Lu Yu's Yiyuan Tea Classic: "Its name is Tea, Heng, shè, Tea and Chu ā n." Er Ya Shi Mu ":"Yi, Bitter Tea. Knife Guo Pu's note: "Today's early pickers are tea; Those who take it late, one is Ming, the other is Yan, and Shu people have a bitter name. Hao Yixing Yi Shu: "Today, the word' tea' is used to be' tea' ... It was not until Tang Lu Yu wrote the Book of Tea that the painting' tea' was restored. "Zi: Bi, preposition. ○ Writing tea is also bitter. Its discharge (xiè) water bites (niè) stones, and discharge: refers to waterfalls. Bite the stone out: it means washing it out through the cracks in the stone. Bite, the same as "bite", bite, extended to erosion, which means scouring here. Its source boils (f? (g ǔ ǔ ǔ ǔ ǔ ǔ ǔ ǔ ǔ ǔ ǔ ǔ ǔ ǔ ǔ ǔ ǔ ǔ ǔ Gurgle: The sound of a rushing water. Tan Jie (left and right structure) (J? ○○○○○○○○○○○○○○. Injection: inflow. Valley: a waterway between two mountains. Among them, spotted fish, spotted: striped pattern. Text, with "text". Shaped like blowing sand, blowing sand: ancient small fish, with a big mouth, often open to blow sand, hence the name. Bitter but slightly pungent, slightly pungent: slightly spicy. You can drink sake when you eat. Sake: sober up. ○ The fish that writes something bad is also bitter, but it can be "sake", which is different.
This passage originated from the last sentence of the last paragraph. Specifically, Syaraku was born here with "physical sufferings"-the sufferings of wood, grass, vegetables, fruits, honey, tea, fish and other things, and explained the name of the den from the physical aspect.
A little farther away from people means leaving the place where people live. Go ahead, distance. Only gentlemen like to travel, but followers find it difficult to communicate sooner or later. Faint morning: sooner or later. So (Su) chooses its weight (wā) and decides it. Sui: Just, then, adverb. Mao: the terrain is depressed, which refers to low-lying places. Room: Build a room. Used as a verb. It is said that the master also likes the pleasure of suffering. The first paragraph supplements the reason for establishing a hard life here. It's hard to communicate between the ruling and the opposition, which echoes the previous article "Kuangshan is 200 miles southwest of Longquan County". Take a few children, children: young servants. Child, the original word "boy", is a slave. Rev meteorite (y? N) Tuò ò ò ò ò ò ò ò ò ò ò ò ò ò ò ò ò ò ò ò ò ò ò ò ò ò ò ò ò ò ò ò ò 庲 Basket: the common name of bamboo shoot shell. Art: planting. Millet: commonly known as millet in the north, it is called millet after hulling. In ancient times, it was also called grain, millet, valley and valley. Spike: originally known as soybean, it is extended to the general name of beans. You (rú) and Dan (dàn) are the fruits of its vegetation. Rusui: Eat. These two words are synonyms. Fat: the tender buds of thatch. ○ Write about the happiness of eating. Jian climbs cliffs, occasionally, sometimes. Nie: Tread and wear. Tile: a kind of shoes, usually with wooden soles, with or without teeth; There is also grass or silk. This refers to shoes with teeth at the bottom of wood for mountaineering. Song Xie Shu's Biography of Lingyun: "Spiritual luck often wears clogs, pulling out front teeth when going up the mountain and pulling out back teeth when going down the mountain." Lean on (yǐ) to repair the wood and scream (xiào), lean on: lean on. Trim wood: a tall tree. Repair, grow, grow. Xiao: Here we mean, Xiao, and singing. Or fall to Linqing (lín). Descent: Go down. Professor: Here we are. Qingling: It means cool and cold, and here it refers to a cool stream. Joe out of the forest, woodcutter's song: refers to the folk song sung by the woodcutter. Out of the Woods: refers to the logging song coming from the Woods. Then (fú) the stone and (hè) it. Fight, fight. Also: sing along. ○ Write about his pleasure in traveling. People don't know how to be happy. Mo: uneducated, pronoun ○ Always pick up a pen and point it out with the word "le".
Continue the previous paragraph to supplement the origin of building hardship and describe the general situation and fun of hard life. In the previous paragraph, it was written that "those who suffer from physical properties are also happy to live", which means that "those who suffer from human nature are also happy to live".
Mr. Wang said: ○ Thank you for quoting the owner of the library house. "Bitterness and happiness depend on each other, and one is to live together: to live together can be transformed. Same "phase", adverbial structure, mutual. Laozi: "Misfortune comes from the mouth, and happiness comes from the mouth. "rely on, rely on; V, hide It means that misfortune is the place where happiness exists, happiness is the place where misfortune hides, and misfortune and happiness can be transformed into each other. People know that fun is fun, fun is fun: fun is fun. Subject-predicate phrase is used as the object of "knowledge", and "zhi" is used between the subject and predicate of the phrase to cancel its independence. The Leaf table stops. , auxiliary words. I don't know whether suffering is pleasure, but: but, conjunctions. Everyone knows that fun is fun, and fun is fun: treat his fun as fun. The preceding "le" is used as a verb. I don't know how to live with bitterness, but how to live with bitterness means that happiness is extremely bitter. What a big difference between joy and pain (jǐ)! Then: then, conjunctions. Alienation: separate, separate. Go ahead, distance. Geometry: How much. ○ It is quite dialectical to clarify the relationship between "happiness and sorrow". Today's husband (fú) is the son of a married couple. Husband: Those, pronouns. Used as the subject before noun phrases, it plays an indicative role. Son of Cream Beam: A person from a wealthy family. Highlight, exquisite food. " Mencius Gao Zi Shang: "So I don't want the smell of human ointment." Zhao Qi's Note: "Thin beams are like paste." Note Zhu, with frost as fertilizer and beam as beautiful valley. Son, generally refers to people. Yan (Yan) sits on the Huatang, and Yan sits: sitting idle and sitting safely. Yan, after the "banquet", you will feel at ease. Huatang: a magnificent hall. Never taste the taste of tea (tú) and Polygonum hydropiper (liào). Tea is a bitter vegetable. Polygonum hydropiper: Millet with spicy stems and leaves, also called Polygonum hydropiper. I don't have to work hard, calendar: experience. Farmland: Farmland. Sleeping must be heavy (chóng) mattress (rù), weight: many, multi-layer and thick. Mattress: a device that softens the body when sleeping. Food must be beautiful, beautiful: exquisite food. Access must be in (yú) Li (Iì),: servant. Yu and Li were the names of slaves or servants in ancient China. Is the so-called human joy, that is: this, these, pronouns. Once I was poor, once: one day. Bad luck: I ran out. Luck, fate, fate. Ai: Stop, stop. Born in an accident, upset: falling means a mess and life is difficult. No way: accident. I don't know if the drunkard's intention is not wine, and the drunkard's intention is not wine: drink strong wine and eat fat. Drunk, drunk. You are full. Alcohol, strong liquor quality. Fat. "Alcohol" and "fat" are used as nouns here. Can't fill in (L √). Thin food: poor food. Thin brown rice. Here you are, coarse rice. Warm body, warm body: covered with soft mattress and warm quilt. Books pave the way for things through "borrowing". Soft and warm are both used as nouns. You can't use diào o. Epimedium: This refers to clothes made of Epimedium and Epimedium. Although I want to be a humble servant in Ye Fu, even though. Effect: imitation, imitation. Ye Fu: The farmer. In ancient times, it was called the "wilderness" outside the suburbs, and Ye Fu referred to the agricultural producers in the "wilderness". Jump around: refers to taking refuge in panic. Walk, bend over, bend over. Escape and hide. Stealing the life of a hazelnut (zhēn) is too reckless. You can't get it. Steal: You can't get it. Hazelnut: This refers to the land with dense vegetation. Hazel Bush. Rough and dense grass. Yong(yūng) is not the joy of the past. Yong: Really, yes, adverb, indicating rhetorical question. Past: past, past. For today's suffering? Yeah, yeah. Modal words are used together to strengthen the function of rhetorical questions. ○ Criticize Gao Liang's son's desire for ease and enjoyment, and once he encounters adversity, he can't live; From the above discussion, it shows that "people know that happiness is fun, but they don't know that pain is born of happiness". Therefore, Mencius said: Mencius (about 372-289 BC) was a thinker, politician and educator in the Warring States period. Mingke, whose name is Yu Zi, is the successor of Confucius' theory and is known as "the sage of Asia". His works include Mencius. For the following quotation, see Mencius Gao Zi Xia. Heaven descends, so people also descend: descend, pay. Great responsibility: heavy responsibility. It's a person: this person. Yes, here it is. This is a subject-predicate phrase that expresses time and is used as an adverbial. "Zhi" is used between the subject and predicate of a phrase to cancel its independence. You must first put up with your mind, mind: mind. Suffer: To cause difficulties to. Exert your muscles. Making ... tired. Eager for his body and skin. Hunger: To make hungry. Body skin: body. ○ Quoting Mencius' words shows that you can get rid of pain and enjoy it when you are tempered in a difficult situation. Zhao Ziyue: Liu Xiang's "Talking about Zheng Yuanjian": "Confucius said:' Good medicine tastes bitter and is good for illness; Bad advice is good for your behavior. The quotation of Six Books of Confucius' Family Language is also called Confucius' Yue. This article is quoted as "Zhao Ziyue", and its source is unknown. Good medicine tastes bitter and is good for illness, but good advice is good for action. Advice: Words of loyalty and integrity. Awkward: harsh, unpleasant, and unpleasant. Objection, objection, or objection. Quote Zhao Zi's words again, explaining that you can enjoy the pain by accepting bitter medicine and unpleasant words, and "knowing the pain is fun". He, they, refer to Gao Liang's son, pronoun. My happiness; Judgment. judgment. The happiness of another person is my pain. Judgment. judgment. ○ Show your bitter optimism directly, not your highlighted son. It is said that dry is sweet and dry well is sweet: "Zhuangzi Mountain Tree": "Straight wood is cut first, and dry well is sweet first." Use, because, preposition Dry up. Li Yizhi's suffering, Liu Yiqing's "Shi Shuo Xin Yu Liang Ya" sixth: "Wang Rong is seven years old and tries to swim with all the children. Looking at the roadside, there are children everywhere in Li Shu, breaking branches. All the children are fighting for it, but they don't move. When people asked him, they answered Sun:' A tree with many children on the roadside must be bitter for plum blossoms. Take it and believe it. "Husband (fū) poor (chāi) high (hān) died of wine, and Fucha (? -473 BC), the monarch of Wu in the Spring and Autumn Period, reigned from 495 BC to 473 BC, and was finally destroyed by Gou Jian because of his addiction to wine and color. Humor: binge drinking means drinking too much. Taste courage with Gou Jian, Gou Jian (? -BC 165), the King of Yue in the Spring and Autumn Period, reigned from 497 BC to 465 BC. Once defeated by Fu Cha, he surrendered and made peace. After ten years of hard work, (Li) and others were appointed to rectify national politics. After ten years of life and lessons, they finally changed from weak to strong and perished the State of Wu. And become the hegemon. Prosperity, prosperity and revival. Nothing or husband? "Like, with. Yes: demonstrative pronoun, this. Ye Fu; Modal particles are used together to indicate that there is a rhetorical tone in exclamation. ○ Even quoting several classics, one is negative and the other is positive, forming a strong contrast and clarifying the correctness of one's bitter optimism.
Go deeper, comment on the basis of the above description, and clarify the dialectical relationship between bitterness and pleasure. This is the focus of this article.
Liu Ziwen realized this, and Liu Zi claimed to be Liu Ji. Son, sir. The name of the room is "Kuzhai", and the name: naming, naming, verbs. Write the story of bitter fasting.
Close the full text and explain the reasons for taking notes.
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Kuzhai is Mr. Zhang Yi's seclusion in the countryside. There are twelve rooms, made of thatch, located at the top of Kuangshan Mountain. Kuangshan is located 200 miles southwest of Longquan County, the birthplace of Jiangxi Province. On all sides of Kuangshan, the precipice stands as steep as a wall, and the rocks are all blue, high outside and low inside, like a mortar. There are only white clouds under the mountain, and the north wind often blows at the top of the mountain. The wind blows from the north, and most of them can't be sweet and bitter, so plants are blown by the north wind and taste bitter. But bitter plants are also happy to grow here.
Therefore, there are no trees such as fresh branches, yellow tillers, Melia azedarach and Platycladus orientalis, weeds such as Coptidis Rhizoma, Melia azedarach, Li Ting, Sophora flavescens, Crotalaria japonica, wild vegetables such as Rehmannia glutinosa, Youdong and Zizania latifolia, fruits such as Castanopsis eyrei, Quercus acutissima and bamboo shoots such as bamboo shoots. Wild bees nest in it and collect flower juice to make honey, which tastes bitter. Called "Huang Du" in mountain dialect, it was bitter at first and hard to swallow. Over time, it will be sweeter. It can eliminate accumulated heat and eliminate symptoms of hot and upset. Tea there is also more bitter than ordinary tea. The waterfalls there are all washed out from the cracks in the stone. The source and current are turbulent and turbulent, and the water flows into the huge valley. The water is rich in small fish with patterns, which are shaped like blowing sand, bitter and a little spicy. Eating it can sober up.
The mine is far from where people live. Only Mr. Zhang Yi likes to play, but most people who follow him think it is too difficult for Mr. Zhang Yi to go early and return late, so they choose a low-lying place in Kuangshan and build their home there. Mr. Wang took some small servants, removed the fallen bamboo shoots, planted some millet beans and ate the buds and fruits of the plants. Sometimes I wear wooden shoes to climb the cliff, sing to the big tree, or go down to the cool stream. When I heard the woodcutter's folk songs flying out of the Woods, I knocked on the stone and sang along. No one can understand his happiness.
Mr. Zhang Yi once said: "Happiness and bitterness are interdependent and mutually transformed; People only know that happiness is happiness, but they don't know that suffering is also a kind of happiness. People only know that their happiness is happiness, but they don't know that pain will come from happiness. How far can happiness and suffering be? Now those rich people are sitting in the gorgeous hall at leisure. They have never tasted bitter vegetables or worked in the farmland. They must put on a double mattress when they sleep, eat exquisite food and take servants to wait on them when they go out. These are what people think of as happiness. One day, when their luck ran out, an unexpected disaster came to their hard life, but they didn't know that they were drunk. The body accustomed to soft mattresses and warm quilts can't put on clothes made of grass stalks. Even if it wants to be a farmer and humble servant in Shan Ye, it will run and hide in panic. It is impossible to survive in vegetation. Isn't this the joy of the past turned into the bitterness of today? Therefore, Mencius said,' Heaven will give this man a great responsibility, and he must first suffer his mind, tire his bones and muscles and starve his body.' Zhao Zi said: "Although good luck makes the mouth feel bitter, it is good for the disease." . Although loyalty and integrity are harsh, they are conducive to the cultivation of virtue. Their so-called bitterness is my joy; And their so-called happiness is my pain. I've heard that a well is easy to dry up because of its sweet water, plums can survive because of its bitter taste, Fu Cha, the king of Wu, died of debauchery, and Goupi, the king of Yue, flourished because of its bitter taste. Isn't this the same? "
After hearing this, I understood what he meant, so I named his house "Bitter House" and wrote this song "Bitter House".
Brief analysis
This paper describes the geographical environment and products of Kuzhai, as well as the owner's life, interesting stories and talks, thus explaining the origin and significance of the name of Kuzhai, expounding the dialectical relationship between bitterness and joy and the philosophy of life-bitterness comes from joy, and joy comes from bitterness, criticizing the thought that Gao Liang's son only hides in ease and enjoyment, and showing the broad mind of the owner of Kuzhai who is willing to seek happiness in suffering.
The word "bitterness" is interlocking throughout. The environment is bitter and the property is bitter, and people are willing to suffer. Therefore, eating and talking are bitter. Even if Syaraku talks about music, he is still born of the word "bitter"; The joy of hard life comes from suffering, and the joy of the highlighted son comes from joy and suffering; The quoted classics are also related to heart and suffering; Finally, explain the reasons for writing, and also point out the word "bitterness". The full text begins with the word "bitter" and ends with the word "bitter". A word "bitter" runs through, connecting back and forth, echoing each other, with clear context and prominent center.
Overview of Basic Knowledge of Chinese Characters and Sentences
In the middle is a wild beehive. Therefore, I chose it.
When reading these two sentences, we should pay attention to the law of nouns as verbs. "Nest" and "room" are nouns originally, but they are used flexibly as verbs in sentences. The first sentence means "wild bees nest in it", and "nest" means "nesting" and "nesting". The second sentence means "so I chose a low-lying place in Kuangshan and built a house there", and "house" means "building a house" and "building a house". As can be seen from the above two examples, when a noun is used as a verb, it expresses some kind of action and behavior related to what the noun represents.
Poor and white, blessed people are bound to have accidents, but they don't know that they are drunk and fat, and they can't relax and cover their bodies with softness and warmth.
When reading this sentence, we should pay attention to the flexible use of adjectives as nouns. The words "alcohol", "fat", "soft" and "warm" in the sentence are adjectives, but they are all used to refer to things with the characteristics expressed by these adjectives, that is, nouns. "Alcohol" means hard liquor, which here means hard liquor. "Fat", fat, here refers to fat meat. "Soft", soft, here refers to the soft mattress. "Warm knife, warm, here refers to the warm quilt. From a grammatical point of view, this linguistic phenomenon belongs to the flexible use of parts of speech, which is "adjectives are used as nouns"; From the perspective of rhetoric, it is a kind of "substitution" rhetoric way, that is, when referring to something, it does not need its inherent name, but temporarily borrows words that have some internal connection with it as titles.
Heaven has made a great task, and people must first suffer their minds, work their bones and muscles, and starve their bodies and skins.
In the article "Introduction to Basic Knowledge of Words" in Shi Zhongshan Story, we analyze that the word "Ming" in the sentence "Although the wind and waves can't sing" is a causative usage. The words "bitter", "tired" and "hungry knife" in this sentence are also causative usages. From these examples, we can further know that some predicate verbs in causative usage are verbs, such as "Hungry knife, originally an intransitive verb, and hunger is causative in the clause" Hungry his body and skin ",which means" Hungry his body ". This and the "Ming" in the sentence "Although the wind and waves can't sing" are both causative usages of verbs.
There are also some causative predicate verbs which are transferred from adjectives. Adjectives are used to make the person or thing represented by the object have the nature or state of the adjective. Such as "bitterness", adjectives, suffering. Used as an incentive factor in the clause of "tormenting his mind", which means "making his mind miserable" and "fatigue" are adjectives of fatigue. Used as an incentive component in the clause "strain its muscles and bones", which means "strain its muscles and bones"
Nouns are also used as verbs, and you will see such examples in later texts.
..... and it is more difficult for followers to communicate with each other in the morning. ...
People know that pleasure is fun, but they don't know that suffering is born of happiness.
Here, we mainly explain the conative usage of adjectives. The "difficult" in the first sentence and the first "happy" in the second sentence are adjectives, but they are both verbs in the sentence, followed by an object, which means "what do you think of (the object)" or "what do you take (the object) as". This is the intentional use of adjectives. The object of "difficult" in the first sentence is the subject-predicate phrase of "his morning and evening intercourse", which means "but most of my husband's entourage think it is too difficult for him to leave early and return late", and "difficult" means "feeling … difficult". In the second sentence, the former "le" of "le" is a conative usage, and the latter "le" is the object, which means "taking pleasure in oneself".
There are also some verbs that are transferred from nouns. You will see this example in the following text.