1. Be familiar with the basic means of reciting.
2. Grasp the tone of the work.
3. Appropriate use of body language and other auxiliary means to improve reading level.
General language skills in recitation art
First, stop the connection
1. Pauses include: grammatical pause, grammatical pause, logical pause and psychological (emotional) pause. Continuation with pause: pause is used to emphasize stress, and almost every major stress cannot be separated from it.
● Grammatical pause: The first pause is based on the punctuation of the article, and the second pause is determined by the structure of the article. This pause means the pause of the level, paragraph and part of the article. Pause is thoughtful and content, not empty.
Grammatical pause: a pause caused by the grammatical structure of a sentence. ① Before or after some prepositions ② After orientation ③ After verbs ④ Before or after some conjunctions (because, if, etc.).
● Logical pause: generally short, only equivalent to pause made by pause. There are emphatic pauses, paratactic pauses, and echoing pauses (some words are possessive, for example, yes, think, want, have, like, if, etc. , and then pause).
● Psychological pause: It is determined by psychological emotions and often means stimulation and induction. The effect achieved is that "silent telling is more than talking" is silent, but it is affectionate; Although silent, it means endless. "
Emotional pause; Speak with rhythm, be quick when you should be quick, be slow when you should be slow, and be slow when you should be up. Only when there are ups and downs can there be a sense of music and pleasant hearing. Otherwise, the words are not touching and the spoken language changes regularly, which is called rhythm. Only in this way can the language be vivid, otherwise it will be dull. An Italian musician didn't sing on the stage, but he changed the numbers rhythmically.
In addition, when speaking in crowded places or occasions, the pronunciation should be relaxed and natural, and the rhythm and pause should be handled well, especially the sound should be moderate and the volume should be controlled well. Make full use of the * * * sounding function of the buzzer, and speak with the help of "neutral gas", and you can't call your throat directly. Otherwise, the vocal cords will soon be overwhelmed and hoarse. The appearance of words refers to the pronunciation process of initials and finals (intermediate sound), the establishment of words refers to the pronunciation process of finals (main vowels), and the anaphora of sounds refers to the end (ending) of syllable pronunciation.
Second, pressure.
There are two kinds of reading methods that emphasize recitation skills: grammar emphasis and stress emphasis. Stress, that is, reading words and sentences more heavily, expanding the range or lengthening the sound, can highlight the key points of the article and express your feelings. Stress can be divided into sentence stress and ideological stress. Stress stress refers to the skills that should be emphasized in words, words or phrases that play an important role in expression and expression when reading aloud.
Generally speaking, stress can be divided into grammatical stress, logical stress and emotional stress.
If we can accurately grasp the ideological and emotional clues of poetry works and balance them properly, we can get good expression effect and reproduce the "literary spirit" of poetry. Generally speaking, the severity of emotional pressure, semantic pressure and grammatical pressure is as follows: emotional pressure >; Semantic stress >; Grammatical stress. To recite this poem and deconstruct its "literary spirit", we should not only deeply understand the ideas expressed in this poem, but also pay attention to grasping pause and stress in phonetic skills.
1. Grammatical stress. Grammatical stress is a syllable that is naturally stressed according to language habits. According to the characteristics of grammatical structure, it is called grammatical stress to stress some parts of a sentence without expressing any special thoughts and feelings. It is emphasized that stress is not limited by grammar, but determined by the focus of the sentence, and is limited by the examinee's will. Emotional pause that is not fixed in the position of the sentence is not limited by written punctuation and the grammatical relationship of the sentence. Completely based on emotional or psychological needs, dominated by emotions, and decided to stop and stop according to emotional needs. There are two kinds of stress: grammatical stress and stress stress. The difference between stress and grammatical stress is that stress may overlap with grammatical stress. When grammatical stress is subordinate to stress, just increase the volume. To grasp the keynote, we must deeply analyze and understand the ideological content of the work, and strive to make a serious, full and effective analysis from the aspects of genre, theme, structure, language and style formed by integrating various elements. On this basis, readers can produce the true feelings, distinct attitudes, internal rhythm and grammatical stress that they are eager to express. The difference between stress and grammatical stress is that the volume of stress is greater than that of grammatical stress. Emphasis stress may overlap with grammatical stress. When grammatical stress is subordinate to emphasis stress, just increase the volume slightly. Sometimes, these two pressures appear in different positions. At this time, the volume of stress is higher than that of grammatical stress. Grammatical stress is easy to find, which can be determined according to the characteristics of the internal grammatical structure of the sentence, and the determination of stress is closely related to the reader's learning and understanding of the work. The stress of this sentence can be determined according to its grammatical structure.
2. Logical Stress The stress of some sentences can't be determined at once because of complex structure, tortuous ideographic meaning or special feelings. Therefore, we must contact the context, carefully observe and scrutinize them, especially in a specific language environment to determine their stress, which is usually called logical stress (stress). Various stresses highlight the stress of semantic differences. This kind of stress is intended to express some semantic differences, which are often the focus of sentence meaning and must be emphasized.
3. Emotional stress When reading aloud, the meaning will change with the stress position. Stress can be divided into grammatical stress and stress stress.
① Grammatical stress. Grammatical stress is the stress naturally expressed in sentence structure, and there are rules to follow. For example, in a sentence, modifiers of predicate and center, interrogative pronouns and demonstrative pronouns are all grammatical stresses. Stress is to emphasize the sounds of some words in a sentence in order to highlight some thoughts and feelings, which is also called "logical stress". To express pressure, you don't have to increase the volume. Sometimes it is better to lower the volume and gently spit out the pressure in a low voice.
Third, the control of breath
1. Breathing is the process of using qi. The content of the broadcast is ever-changing, so different methods of gas use are needed. Breathing with qi is a recitation skill. Take gas with emotion, and adopt different methods of gas use according to the development and change of emotion.
2, the way to replenish qi: stealing gas, grabbing gas, getting angry. Beautiful voice comes from correct breathing. Shortness of breath and incorrect posture can cause tension.
What do you mean by softly? What are the rules for judging light tone?
Light tone is a special tone besides four tones. In words or sentences, some syllables often lose their original tone and are read as light and short tones. This light and short tone is light. The light tone of Putonghua changes from four tones: flat, rising and falling. As a phonetic phenomenon of tone sandhi, light tone is bound to be reflected in words and sentences, so the pronunciation of light tone syllables cannot exist independently.
Light tone can distinguish the meaning of some words. For example, brother xi is not xiūxing di (brother)-brother Xi is not ng d? (younger brother and younger brother)
Light tone can distinguish the meaning and part of speech of some words. Such as: to Du? Tou (enemy, opponent, noun) -du? t？ U (correct, appropriate, adjective)
In addition, some disyllabic words are used to reading the second syllable softly, without distinguishing the meaning or part of speech. Such as: air, consultation, husband.
Whether a word is pronounced softly has the following rules:
(1) Read the modal particle "Come on, mom, you, ah" softly. All right, all right, go ahead.
⑵ Read the auxiliary words "de, di, de, le, guo, men" softly. Such as: big, affordable.
⑶ Noun suffix "Zi, Er, Tou" reads softly. Such as: dining table, canned food, old people.
(4) Read directional words softly, such as sky and home.
5. The last syllable of overlapping verbs is pronounced softly. Come here, get over there and get to work.
[6] Overlapping nouns read softly, such as brothers, dolls and orangutans.
(7) Directional verbs are read softly. Come here, get over there and get to work.
The tone color of light syllables is unstable. In pronunciation training, we should master the fixed phenomenon of light tone, that is, the dictionary has been included, and generally do not read light tone for syllables that can be read light tone and those that cannot be read light tone clearly.
The charm of sound
See the high in the low: that is, read the stronger words heavier and louder. This is the most common method.
Ways to turn reality into reality: Virtual sound refers to the sound with light voice and much gas. Take the form of emphasizing light reading.
Fast-slow method: deliberately lengthen the pronunciation of some words to form a drag cavity.
What are tones, tones and tones?
Tone value is the change of tone and the actual pronunciation of tone. Tone category is the classification of tones, which is summarized according to the actual pronunciation of tones. There are several types of tones in the actual pronunciations, that is, words with the same tone value are combined together. Mandarin has four basic tone values, so it can be summarized into four tone categories, namely, flat tone, rising tone, falling tone, which are customarily called rising tone, two tones, three tones, four tones, and also called four tones. Tone symbols should be marked on the main vowels of syllables. Press a, o, e, I, u,? It is necessary to mark the order of I and U on the last vowel, and the intermediate sound value of the vowel found by I and U at the same time. To mark the value of I, you should first go to the point on I and then mark the value.
Putonghua broadcasting is an art, and the training of Putonghua pronunciation is the basis of learning Putonghua well, and the key to mastering Putonghua is that the tone is not in place.
Starting from the "tone-centered theory", the reading of Putonghua should emphasize the level of Putonghua, and the tone should not be "on an equal footing" with initials and finals. It is necessary to correct the dominant position of tone (tone: sound, tone, that is, tone) in Putonghua test and pay full attention to the important role of tone in Putonghua proficiency test.
Rhythm: Rhythm is a cycle of rhythm and priority under the control of certain ups and downs of thoughts and feelings.
Basic essentials: the beginning of the sentence is different, the end of the sentence is different, and the waist of the sentence is different.
In short, modern poetry reading has a great degree of performance. We need to master certain reading skills, devote ourselves to true feelings and recite them repeatedly, so as to understand the appeal of poetry and impress readers with its unique charm.
Tone: including intonation, cadence, stress and changes of Ji Xu.
Reading is an essential part of learning poetry. To read a poem well, we must master reading skills, such as pitch, volume, sound intensity, speed, contrast, ups and downs, changes, etc., so that the whole reading is like a beautiful poem, and its charm can only be reflected in constant reading, especially in modern poems. Generally speaking, reading modern poetry should grasp the following points:
First, deeply understand the ideological content of poetry and accurately grasp the emotional tone of poetry.
For example, Xu Zhimo's famous poem "Biekangqiao" talks about the sadness of parting, and its emotional tone is set on the word "sorrow". Moreover, this kind of sorrow is not sorrow, not deep sorrow, but soft sorrow, with a hint of intoxication of the beauty of Cambridge and a hint of affection for his alma mater.
Second, according to emotional needs, master the speed of reading aloud. The speed of reading poetry has certain rules to follow:
If the content of the performance is cheerful, excited or nervous, speak a little faster; The performance content is sad and low or lyrical, and the speed is slightly slower; The content of the performance should be straightforward, steady and unhurried. "
Third, according to the artistic conception of poetry, determine the length of light reading, stress and sound. Only by grasping the "light, heavy, slow and urgent" of reading, properly dividing the "steps" and generating a distinct sense of rhythm can we highlight the feelings of poetry and reflect its charm.
Take A Farewell to Cambridge as an example;
"I walked quietly, just as I came gently; I waved gently as a farewell to the western paradise. ........"
The whole poem is gentle, but there is still a key point in it. Among them, the red words can be slightly stressed; Although the three "lightness" in the single-line part of the next painting belongs to the key part of this poem, it cannot be re-read according to the artistic conception of the poem. So what should we do? We can handle it this way: speak slowly and lengthen your voice slightly. In this way, the two emphases are different, one is emphasis, the other is light extension, and the charm of "Song" comes out.
Fourth, according to the context, correctly handle the pause of poetry. Only in this way can poetry have a distinct rhythm and be full of rhythmic beauty. Generally speaking, the pause after pause is the shortest, the pause after comma is longer, the pause after semicolon and colon is longer, and the pause after period, question mark, exclamation point and ellipsis is longer. "Sometimes you need to judge according to the content and semantic relationship of the poem.
Based on the analysis and understanding of the works, the overall design of intonation processing and rhythm change is made from the perspective of phonetic expression.
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6. Recite the main skills to realize the beauty of sound
7. Interpretation of poetry recitation skills
8. Recite the correct pronunciation method
9. What are the skills and training methods of reciting?
10. Reading skills and requirements of different articles