2. Goethe's lyric poetry is the beginning of modern German lyric poetry. Poetry features: (1) praising nature, (2) eulogizing love and friendship, (3) implying strong dissatisfaction with tyranny and tyranny, and (4) full of positive, healthy and optimistic spirit. Such as Song of May and Meeting and Parting.
3. Vitger: Why is Goethe's novella Young Werther the first German work with world influence? (1) Witt is a typical image of German progressive youth in18th century. The dark social reality made him feel that his life was worthless, he had a nervous breakdown and shot himself. (2) Victor is the awakening of the times and the rebel of the vulgar environment. He resisted personally and treated the ugliness of German reality with arrogance. His tragedy is the tragedy of the times. (3) As a result, it infected young people in different times all over the world, and they found * * * songs from it. Many people not only imitate Victor's clothes, but even imitate Victor's suicide, thus forming a period of "Victor fever".
4. "Faust": (1) is based on the folklore of Dr. Faust in Germany in the 6th century. Legend has it that he sold his soul to the devil to explore a new way out of life. (2) The whole conception process lasted nearly 60 years. On the basis of predecessors, Goethe completely transformed the story according to his own life experience. On the one hand, he emphasized the characteristics of Faust's image, on the other hand, he changed the tragic ending of the original story and gave the Faust legend new meaning. There is no story in the whole play, but the development of Dr. Faust's thought is the clue to write his life exploring the essence of life.
5. The plot and structure of Faust: "The basic plot can be summarized as: a prelude, two gambling games, lifelong pursuit and five tragedies. Overture in the sky is the opening of the play and the ideological outline of the whole play. (2) The first gamble is about the "world outlook and human outlook" between the emperor and the devil-whether and how people can realize their ideals in life, and the second gamble is about whether Faust is satisfied with life. ③ Lifelong pursuit and five tragedies: the pursuit of knowledge and the tragedy of knowledge; The pursuit of senses and the tragedy of love; The pursuit of power and political tragedy; The pursuit of beauty and the tragedy of seeking beauty; The tragedy of career pursuit and dedication. (2) Structure: The structural feature of the whole drama is that there is no story that runs through it as the main line, and all parts are at arm's length. Its huge and complex content is maintained by an internal factor, which constitutes a close whole. This internal factor is Faust's spiritual development history. This poetic drama takes Faustuart's thought development as a clue, and writes his life experience of exploring the true meaning of life.
6. Faust is a work with rich ideological content, and its main ideological value is poetic significance: (1) Through Faust's life experience, it preaches the enterprising spirit of self-improvement, gets rid of medieval ignorance, overcomes internal and external contradictions of mankind, and creates the enlightenment thought of bourgeois ideal kingdom. (2) Poetic drama affirms creation and labor, and requires people to "explore life and freedom every day in order to enjoy freedom and life". Poetic drama expresses the author's profound life experience-life is pursuit, and the process of pursuit is cyclical. (3) Poetic drama expresses the author's firm belief in human beings: on the way forward, people will encounter such obstacles, but eventually they will find the truth of life. (4) Poetic drama also expresses a modern meaning, that is, people always conflict with the outside world, and failure and disaster are inevitable, but the protagonist's own behavior determines his own nature, thus laying the foundation of modern personality.
Mephistopheles is another important figure in his works. His image characteristics: He is an image from Nordic legends and Christian traditions, which appears as the opposite of Faust in poetic dramas. Mephistopheles is a typical cynical nihilist in life, the embodiment of lust, the representative of "evil" and an image with symbolic and moral significance.
8. The World Significance of Goethe: (1) Goethe is a great German poet and the most outstanding representative of German classical literature and national literature. He wrote a lot of excellent poems, plays and novels, and became the most important writer in Germany from the middle of18th century to the beginning of19th century, and also one of the greatest writers in the history of world literature. (2) His representative poetic drama Faust is a work about the world and life, which has metaphysical philosophical significance and is a landmark work in the history of world literature. Poetic drama expresses a modern meaning, that is, people are always in conflict with the outside world, and failure and disaster are inevitable, but the protagonist's own behavior determines his own nature, thus laying the foundation of modern personality. Goethe revealed the true meaning of life in Faust: "We should explore life and freedom every day, and then we can enjoy freedom and life". (3) Goethe first put forward the concept of "world literature", which promoted the process of global literature integration.