The sea is undulating, and Jieshi Mountain stands high on the seashore.
There are many trees and grasses on Jieshi Mountain.
The autumn wind is blowing, and the sea is rough.
The movement of the sun and the moon seems to start from this vast ocean;
The Milky Way is dotted with stars, as if it were born in this vast ocean.
Fortunately, I use poetry to express my ambition!
Looking at the Sea is a famous work of Cao Cao, which was written when he was wooing Wu Huan. In 207 AD, Cao Cao led an army to the north to hunt down the remnants of Yuan Shao, swore the Northern Expedition in May, and left Lulong Village in July to face Jieshi Mountain. He climbed the mountain and looked at the sea. Facing the surging sea, he wrote this magnificent poem.
Looking at the sea gives the poet deep feelings, through which we can see the poet's own soul. Cao Cao climbed Jieshi Mountain on the way to the northern expedition to Wuhuan this time. Wuhuan was a great disaster in Northeast China at that time. In the 11th year of Jian 'an (AD 206), Wu Huan conquered Youzhou and captured more than 100,000 Han people. In the same year, Yuan Shang and Yuan, the sons of Yuan Shao, colluded with Ta Dun, the leader of Wuhuan in western Liaoning, and repeatedly harassed the border, which forced Cao Cao to resolutely conquer Wuhuan in the 12th year of Jian 'an. In the great war in August this year, Cao Cao finally won a decisive victory. This victory consolidated Cao Cao's rear area, enabling him to March south in the following year to realize his ambition of reunifying China. Linking the events before and after, we can see how important a war Cao Cao's northern expedition to Wu Huan was. And "Looking at the Sea" was written when I passed Jieshi Mountain on my way to northern expedition to Wuhuan. Before the war, Cao Cao boarded Jieshi as a commander-in-chief, which was also visited by many emperors and Hanwu, and when the autumn wind was bleak, his mood would be as difficult to calm as the sea. He put his high-spirited spirit into the poem and expressed it through the image of the sea, which made this poem have a vigorous and vigorous style and become a masterpiece.
"Fortunately, Lian, the song is to be sung." This is a group of words in the chorus, which has nothing to do with the content of the poem and needs no elaboration.
At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, warlords fought for the Central Plains, and Wuhuan, who lived in western Liaoning, was powerful, attacking cities and plundering land in the south, which became a serious border problem in Hebei. In the tenth year of Jian 'an (205), Cao Cao destroyed Yuan Shao's ruling foundation in Hebei, and Yuan Shao vomited blood and died. His sons, Yuan Tan and Yuan Shang, fled to Wuhuan and colluded with Wuhuan nobles many times. At that time, Cao Cao was in a disadvantageous position between the north and the south: Liu Biao and Liu Bei occupied Jingxiang in the south, and yuan brothers and Wuhuan in the north. In order to get rid of the passive situation, Cao Cao adopted the advice of Guo Jia, a counselor, and led his army northward in the summer of the twelfth year of Jian 'an, ending in May and July. In autumn, there was a flood, and the road by the sea was impassable. Later, he accepted Tian Chou's suggestion and changed his course flatly. After Xu Wushan, he went to the Cylon, pointing to Liucheng, and won the first world war. In September, he returned to Li smoothly, passing through Jieshi and other places, and wrote this group of famous poems by borrowing the old title of Yuefu's "Walking out of Xiamen". This poem describes the scenery around Heshuo, expresses personal ambition and embodies the heroic spirit of the poet.
As for Cao Cao's coming to Jieshi from the east, it was thought that it was when he was going to northern expedition to Wuhuan. In fact, this view does not conform to historical facts and is not credible. We looked up the records in the History of the Three Kingdoms, the Ji of Emperor Wudi and the Biography of Tian Chou. Cao Cao climbed Jieshi on his way home from the Northern Expedition to Wuhuan. Because he is in a flood, the road near the sea is impassable, so he has to take the path from Xuwushan to western Liaoning. "In September, the public led Liu Chenggui, and on the eleventh, it was easy to get water." He should "visit Jieshi" and "see the sea" in September or early October of this year. As for where Jieshi Mountain is today, there is still controversy in academic circles, either it sank into the sea in Laoting County, Hebei Province, or it was Jieshi Mountain in the north of Changli County, Hebei Province. In any case, when Cao Cao ascends the mountain, it should be a high stone mountain near the sea. "Jieshi is in the east, looking at the sea. The first two paragraphs point out the position of "watching the sea": the poet climbed to the top of Jieshi Mountain, high in the sea, with a wide view and a panoramic view of the sea. The following ten descriptions are almost all derived from this. " The water is full of water, and the mountains and islands are all scenery "is the general impression of seeing the sea at first, which is a bit like a thick line in the painting." ""Lian Lian "describes the vastness of the sea; "How, how, today's word" how "is a beautiful sigh. If you add beauty to the beauty, you can imagine the vastness of the sea. In this rippling sea, the first thing you see is the towering mountain islands, which are dotted on the flat and wide sea, making the sea look magical and spectacular. These two sentences roughly outline the prospect of the sea, which will be described in depth at different levels. " There are many trees and plenty of herbs. The operation of the sun and the moon seems to be from the vast ocean. "The first two sentences specifically describe the mountain island: although the autumn wind is bleak and the vegetation is withered, the trees on the island are lush and the grass is rich, giving people a sense of business. The last two sentences are about "What is water like? ":Look carefully, the sea in the bleak autumn wind is actually a huge wave, surging and undulating. Here, although it is a typical autumn environment, there is nothing bleak and desolate. In the history of China literature, due to the writer's world outlook, situation and other reasons, since Song Yu's "Nine Arguments" opened the first sound of sad autumn literature, how many poets and writers shed tears in the autumn wind, watching the fallen leaves, feeling hurt! Cao, on the other hand, faced the bleak autumn wind and wrote about the vastness of the sea: in the bleak autumn wind, the sea was surging and mighty; The mountain island is tall and straight, with lush vegetation and no fading and sentimental artistic conception. This new realm and new style just reflect his "martyr" mind.
Through the sight of the sea, this poem shows the poet's broad mind, Lingyun's ambition and fearless spirit.