1 Currently, the international competition for energy is becoming increasingly fierce. Japan, which has a too small land area, relies almost entirely on imported energy supplies.
It is wrong to change the situation to the right. To introduce the subject, that is, use "dui" in front of the word that should be the subject
There are generally two ways to use "dui" and "for". The prepositional phrase they form, one is to express the object of the action , the second is to express things related to actions. That is to say, one possibility is dominated by the main verb in the sentence, and the other is not dominated by the main verb in the sentence. For example:
① He has talked to soldiers more than once, but it seems that he has never understood the thoughts and feelings of a soldier so clearly in the few hours he worked with this young soldier. (Dominated by the main verb)
②When I think of these past events, I feel excited and full of confidence in the future. (not dominated by the main verb)
The following usages are wrong:
One is to use "pair" to introduce the subject, that is, use it before the word that should be the subject "right". Such as:
1. This issue has long attracted the attention of leaders.
2. Low-energy x-rays have been widely used in Si spectrometers under low-temperature conditions of liquid nitrogen since the 1970s. (The word "for" in these two sentences should be deleted, otherwise the whole sentence will lack a subject)
3. X-rays are no stranger to us now.
4. The term reptile may be very familiar to us.
(The "right" in these two sentences both frames the words that should really be the subject, and the objects of the action are placed in the position of the subject. When modifying, you can change the words that should really be the subject. Switching positions with the object of the action.
Another problem is that "pair" is confused with other prepositions, and is used instead of when it should be used, or used when it should not be used. For example:
⑤The company promptly educated cadres and soldiers about the accident. ⑥The ionization circle is mainly caused by solar radiation, which is closely related to the transmission of medium-wave radio waves ("to" is changed to "to", and "to" is changed to "to". "Same as")
There is another usage, although it cannot be said to be wrong, but it should be avoided as much as possible:
⑦In order to prevent pesticide pollution, my country has stopped the production of certain pesticides. Or use.
⑧The computer debugging work of these two schools has been carried out smoothly.
(⑦ It is said that "in order to prevent the pollution of pesticides, our country has stopped the production or use of certain pesticides." Some pesticides." ⑧ It is said that "the two schools have successfully carried out computer debugging work." It is relatively clear and simple. It is generally not necessary to change the structure of "verb + object" into the structure of "prepositional phrase + object". )
"Dui" and "for" are both prepositions that refer to objects, and are often used incorrectly in practical applications. How to distinguish and correctly use "for" and "for"? Generally speaking, everything can be used? Wherever "for" is used, "for" can be used; but in some places where "for" is used, "for" cannot be used.
1. To express people. When dealing with relationships between people or between people and things, you can only use "right", not "for".
For example: He is very enthusiastic about me (√) He is very enthusiastic about me (×). Loyal and honest to the Party. (√) Loyal and honest to the Party.
2. You can only use "to" when it means "to follow", "to" or "to". "For".
For example: I told him. (√) I told him.
He smiled at me. He smiled at me. (×)
Don’t bow to difficulties (√)
The three words are all prepositions. "And" and "for" both indicate the objects involved in the action. ① In general, "for" can be used instead of "for", such as: He is responsible for (for) collective things, no matter how big or small, ②The preposition structure composed of "for" and "for" can be used as an adverbial. After adding "of", it can also be used as an attributive. For example: analysis of the international situation. . (Attributive) ③When using "right" and "for", there is a question of who is "right" to whom. The subject of the action must be in front of "right", and the object must be after "right". For example, "Mexico". It is a friendly country to us, and Mexican movies are no strangers to our audiences." On the contrary, this sentence should be changed to "Chinese audiences are no strangers to Mexican movies." ④Don’t abuse “right” and “for”. Due to misuse, the word that should be the subject often becomes the object of the preposition "for" or "for", and the sentence lacks a subject. For example, "For those who participate in separatist activities, of course they cannot be elected to Kim's leadership team." This sentence lacks a subject due to the misuse of "for". "For" should be deleted. But there are some differences between "right" and "for":
First of all, "right" retains a strong verb nature. When "right" introduces the direction and goal of an action or contains "treat" "When it means "to" and other meanings, "right" cannot be replaced by "for", such as: "The teacher treats me just like she treats her own child."
"He said to me: 'You have to be careful!'"
Secondly, when "right" is used after an adverb, "right" cannot be replaced by "for". For example: "It's not the person who is right."
Thirdly, "Dui" is mostly used in spoken language, while "Dui" is more solemn in color and is more suitable for written language.
"About" is a preposition that limits and reveals the scope of the people or things it is related to. When "About" also has a pointed object, it can be interchanged with "For". For example: "No one disagrees with the handling of this issue."
But there is a clear difference between "right" and "about":
First, point out For clear objects, use "for" instead of "about". For example: "We must study and analyze cultural heritage." To express concern, use "about" instead of "for", such as: "There is a beautiful folk legend about Altair and Vega."
No. Second, "for" can be used at the beginning or in the middle of a sentence, while "about" is only used at the beginning of a sentence. For example, "I am very clear about the causes and consequences of this matter." cannot be said as: "I am very clear about the causes and consequences of this matter."
Third, "about" has a suggestive nature, so use "about" The preposition structure composed of it can be used as the title of an article alone, such as: "About the outlook on life" and "About the prose". The preposition structure composed of "for" is often used as an adverbial, and generally cannot be used as the title of an article alone.
Read it if you can understand it, don’t ask me again
2 You can say this
3 "In..." and "from. .....in"
"In..." static
"From..." dynamic
< p>Generally speaking, the following methods are used to test the use of prepositions in the college entrance examinationImproper use of prepositions will cause various types of language problems such as incomplete components, improper collocation, improper word order, and confusing structure. . Therefore, once a preposition appears in a wrong sentence question, you must pay attention to analyze whether the preposition is used appropriately. If it is inappropriate, then further judge that it has committed the above-mentioned type of language disorder.
1. Incomplete components: Improper use of prepositions can sometimes cause a sentence to be incomplete.
(1) Abuse of prepositions and incomplete subject. Due to redundant prepositions, the subject is often drowned and the subject is incomplete.
Example 1. (Volume Shandong, 2009) Perhaps even the author did not expect that because this commemorative article mourning Jiahe was carved on the stone, the fate of the text and the fate of the stone were implicated, leaving many unsolvable questions for future generations. puzzle.
Analysis: The misuse of the preposition "because" causes the subject of "make" to be incomplete, so "because" can be deleted.
2． (Title 4 of Hubei Volume 2009) On May 4, a large-scale poetry recital of "Red Proverbs" was held at the National Center for the Performing Arts in Beijing. Through the superb recitation art of many famous performing artists, the college students present were excited and deeply shocked.
Analysis: The misuse of the preposition "in" causes the lack of a subject in "hold". You can remove "in" and add "make" before the last sentence to let "Beijing National Grand Theater" complete the sentence. Unified subject.
(2) There are only prepositions and incomplete objects. A preposition must be followed by an object to form a short preposition. Some prepositions appear to have an object, but actually lack the head of the object.
For example: (2006 Anhui Volume) Those who treat life and work with positivity and perseverance on all fronts are the ones we respect and learn from.
Analysis: The preposition "Yi" lacks the central word of the object, so "the spirit" should be added after "active and persevering".
(3) Only object and incomplete preposition. When a prepositional phrase is used as an adverbial, the preposition cannot lack the object, and conversely, the object cannot lack the preposition.
For example: (2008 Hunan Volume) Our country’s cultural heritage is proof of our nation’s long history, an important channel for us to communicate with our ancestors, and a solid foundation for our future. We should always maintain our appreciation of ancient times. Respect and cherish the achievements of civilization, and remember and be grateful to our ancestors.
Analysis: The preposition is incomplete. Add "right" in front of "the memory and gratitude of ancestors" to form a parallel relationship with the above "respect and cherish the achievements of ancient civilization".
2. Improper collocation: Improper use of prepositions sometimes causes inappropriate collocation of the preposition phrase and the following verb.
Example 1. (Fujian Volume 2004)) The development of all things has its ups and downs and advances in waves. This is determined by the internal contradictions of things and the influence of various external factors of nature and society.
Analysis: The prepositions "due to" and "determined" do not match well and should be changed to "by".
Example 2. (1999 National Volume) On March 17, six members were expelled from the International Olympic Committee due to a bribery scandal. The next day, major newspapers around the world made detailed reports on this incident that shocked the international sports world.
Analysis: The verb "report" after the preposition structure can dominate the preposition object "this incident that shocked the international sports world", so the preposition "about" should be changed to "for".
3. Improper word order: The preposition phrase is used as an adverbial component and should usually be placed before the predicate, otherwise it may cause improper word order.
Example 1. (Jiangsu Volume, 2007) Generations of artists have inherited, improved, and sublimated the excellent artistic traditions of the Chinese nation, resulting in the birth and development of new artistic forms and new aesthetic forms.
Analysis: "Generations of artists" should be the subject of "inheriting, improving and sublimating", so the word order of the preposition "pass" should be adjusted to precede "generations of artists".
Example 2. (Beijing Volume 2006) Some businesses violate business ethics and take advantage of the curiosity of primary and secondary school students and the fact that cheating in exams is not uncommon to advertise "invisible pens".
Analysis: The preposition phrase "when cheating in exams is not uncommon" should be used as the adverbial of the predicate "use", so it should be adjusted before "use".
Example 3. (2004 Beijing Spring Admission Paper) The modern history of China since the Opium War is relatively familiar to most middle school students, and major historical events can be explained clearly.
Analysis: "Most middle school students" and "Modern Chinese history since the Opium War" have the subject and object inverted. The word order of the preposition "for" can be adjusted to before "The Opium War".
Four. Confusing structure: Due to the misuse of prepositions or improper matching of prepositions, sentence patterns may be mixed and the structure may be confused.
Example 1. (2009 Sichuan Volume) This famous table tennis player who once dominated the table tennis world has returned to his motherland and is now a professor at the Peking University School of Medicine, engaged in the teaching and research of sports medicine and contributing his strength to the country's sports industry.
Analysis: The sentence pattern is mixed, and the preposition "yu" is misused to make the two sentences "taking office at the Peking University School of Medicine" and "taking office as a professor at the Peking University School of Medicine" nested together. "Yu" should be deleted.
Example 2. (2007 Zhejiang Volume) According to the data from the "National National Reading Survey", there are many reasons for the low reading rate among the people. Comparing countries with higher reading rates, we can find that the main reason is that good reading habits have not been developed since childhood.
Analysis: The structure of the first sentence is confusing. You can delete "show to see" or change the preposition "based on" to "from".
A prepositional phrase is generally composed of a preposition plus a noun word. It can be a simple combination or a complex combination. Some of the components are indispensable and cannot be redundant, otherwise It will affect the structure and meaning of the entire sentence. For example:
(1) When reporters asked whether Zuo Chaoying’s death was caused by Zhou Jun, and whether the reasons for Zuo Chaoying’s family to pursue Zhou Jun’s criminal responsibility were established, the relationship between the Public Security Bureau and the court Everyone said this is an extremely complex issue. ("Guangdong Political and Legal News" September 16, 2000)
Example (1) The adverbial "when... when" at the beginning of the sentence is composed of the preposition "when" and the corrective noun phrase "... when" ( It is a prepositional phrase composed of "hour", but the attributive before "hour" is "the reporter will... be established", the structure is confusing and the meaning is unclear. One of the reasons is that the object of the preposition "Jiu" is incomplete. You should add "the problem" after "Zuo Chaoying... was established" to make it a complete object, and then add the verb after it. "Interview". In this way, let "on the issue of..." modify "interview", let "the reporter interviewed on the issue of...", as the attributive of "when", and as the prepositional phrase of the adverbial at the beginning of the sentence "when the reporter interviewed on the issue of..." "You can stand still. This prepositional phrase is relatively complicated. On the one hand, it is relatively long, and on the other hand, there are smaller prepositional phrases within the larger prepositional phrase. In this case, we must pay special attention to the structural integrity of each level to avoid incomplete components.
(2) The criminal suspect and Liu, who is the same age as his son, once lived together. ("Public Security Pragmatics", China People's Public Security University Press, 2002)
Example (2) is simply "the criminal suspect lives with Liu", in which "and" is a conjunction. However, the joint component "Liu who is the same age as his son" does not make sense semantically. The preposition "and" should be added in front, so that the sentence becomes "The criminal suspect and Liu who are the same age as his son once lived together." The problem with this sentence is that it is missing a preposition, leaving "his son" with nothing to attach to.
(3) Jermaine Greer may be a little unfamiliar to Chinese readers, but she is famous among intellectual women in the West, especially in Australia, where she is almost a household name, known to women and children. (Writer's Digest, December 24, 2002)
Example (3) The subject and object of the first clause are inverted, and the relationship between who is to whom is not clear. Judging from the whole sentence, it is not that Jermaine Greer is unfamiliar to Chinese readers, but that Chinese readers are unfamiliar with Jermaine Greer. Viewed in isolation, this sentence can be changed to "Chinese readers may be a little unfamiliar with Jermaine Greer", or it can be changed to "Jermaine Greer is unfamiliar to Chinese readers." From the following, we can see that the subject of the whole sentence is Jermaine Greer, so the second modification method is adopted.
(4) Street criminals mostly target middle-aged and elderly people, so you should be highly vigilant about striking up conversations with strangers. (A police station’s 2004 Spring Festival “A Letter to Residents and Friends”)
Example (4) The prepositional phrase “to strike up a conversation with…” in the second clause contains another prepositional phrase “ "With strangers" is used as the attributive of "strike up a conversation".
"Strike up a conversation" is an active verb, which means "to find something to say in order to get close to someone or to get over an embarrassing situation." The sentence originally refers to the behavior of strangers, but "strike up a conversation with a stranger" makes the behavior more explicit. The person becomes "you". The preposition "and" should be deleted, and "stranger" should be directly used as the attributive of "strike up", that is, "you should maintain a high degree of vigilance against strangers chatting up".
(5) Some countries stipulate that their citizens living in foreign countries must also apply for an entry visa when returning to the country. ("Concise Public Security Dictionary", People's Publishing House, 1990)
The subject of "You must also apply for an entry visa when returning to your country" should be "citizens living in foreign countries", but due to the intervention of "right", "Citizens living abroad" becomes the object of the prepositional phrase, so "you must apply for an entry visa when returning to your country" has no corresponding subject. "Yes" should be deleted.
(6) Human traffickers have improved their smuggling methods from providing babies to childless couples to providing surrogate women. (World Women's Expo, Issue 10, 2001)
In Example (6), there is a phenomenon of two prepositions with one object, which does not comply with the combination rules of Chinese and is unnecessary. The prepositions "xiang" and "wei" both have the function of introducing the beneficiary object of the action, so one of them should be deleted.
Examples (1), (2), and (3) show incomplete prepositional phrase components, while Examples (4), (5), and (6) show redundant prepositional phrase components. This type of grammatical error often appears in more complex language fragments and is sometimes difficult to detect. This requires us to have a certain knowledge of grammatical logic, otherwise we will not be able to discover or analyze it, let alone modify it.
Lecture 3: Analyze and revise faulty sentences (incomplete components)
Examples to guide the way
1. In addition to his work in the class and student union, Wang Yu also undertakes I am the host of the "Continuous Music" and "English Corner" columns on the school radio station, but it does not affect my academic performance. It is really admirable. (2008 National Volume Ⅰ)
"Undertaken... to preside over" is the incomplete object center, followed by "the work";
2. The condiment vinegar we usually use contains Ingredients such as amino acids, calcium, phosphorus, iron and vitamin B can improve facial skin nutritional deficiencies after being absorbed by the skin. (2008 Guangdong Volume)
"Improve" lacks an object, and "situation" is added after "lack";
3. Promote the paid use of plastic bags, mainly through economic means People try to reduce the use of plastic bags, which will undoubtedly have a positive effect on reducing white pollution and purifying the environment. (2008 Jiangsu Volume)
The ingredients are incomplete, and there is no object center after "cultivate". It should be changed to "cultivate people to reduce the use of plastic bags as much as possible".
Test Points Instructions
1. Incomplete Components
(1) Lack of Subject
1. Abuse of prepositions results in incomplete subject.
Abused prepositions at the beginning of sentences often include "in, when, from, for, for", etc. To correct such incorrect sentences, one is to delete the prepositions and the locative words associated with the prepositions, and the other is to retain the prepositional phrase as Adverbial, followed by an appropriate word as the subject.
(1) In this movie, a typical female intellectual is portrayed.
Delete “in” and “中”.
(2) This conversation inspired me a lot.
Delete "passed".
(3) After observing this court hearing on the Rural Business Contract Law, the legal level of us "village officials" has been greatly improved. (Qinghai Volume)
The use of the preposition "pair" makes the sentence without a subject. If it is removed, "we" will be the subject.
(4) Due to the characteristics of "Gu Wen Guan Zhi", it has been widely disseminated and endured for nearly three hundred years since its publication, and it is still a valuable anthology.
The existence of "due to" in this sentence makes the entire sentence without a subject, so removing it will make it complete.
The above are all inappropriate uses of prepositions in prepositional phrases containing the classification and analysis of college entrance examination disease sentences