My thoughts are in Guilin. If you want to go to the depths of Hunan, watch the south cry. Beauty gives me a piano and a post. Why should I give you a pair of jade plates? It's a long way to Xiu Yuan, so don't lean on melancholy. What are your worries and troubles?
I was thinking of Hanyang. If you want to go from Longnan to Hanban, you will look askance and cry. Beauty gave me mink, how can I report the bright moon and pearl? It's a long way to go in Xiu Yuan, so don't worry.
My thoughts are in the wild goose gate. If you want to follow the snow, look at the towel sideways. The beautiful woman gave me a brilliant joke, so why should I report the sapphire case? It's a long way to go in Xiu Yuan, so we can't rely on it and sigh. What do you mean by worry and worry?
The beauty I miss is Mount Tai. If you want to follow the person you miss, the branch of Mount Tai is hard to do. Looking sideways to the east, tears wet my skirt. The beauty gave me Jin Cuodao. What can I give her in return? (I have) Joan Yingmeiyu. But the long journey makes me uneasy. Why (I) can't stop thinking, and my mind is always upset? The beauty of missing is in Guilin, and I want to follow the person I miss, but the water in Hunan is unfathomable (preventing me from reaching Guilin). Looking sideways to the south, tears wet my skirt. What can beauty give me in return? (I have) a pair of white jade plates. However, the long road makes me sad because of setbacks. Why do I always miss, worry and be unhappy? The beauty I miss is in Hanyang, and I want to follow the person I miss, but Han Long is circuitous and dangerous (it is difficult for me to get to Hanyang). Looking sideways to the west, tears wet my skirt. The beautiful woman gave me a mink. How can I repay you? (I have) bright moon beads. But the distance makes me hesitate. Why do I always miss it and always feel depressed? I missed the beautiful scenery in Yanmen. I wanted to follow the people who missed it, but it rained and snowed (preventing me from reaching Yanmen). Looking sideways at the north, tears wet the towel. The beautiful woman gave me a wonderful passage. How can I repay you? (I have) several sapphire cases. But the long road makes me sigh again and again. Why do I always miss it and always feel depressed and resentful?
Note (1) Fu Liang: the name of the hill under Mount Tai. John: The skirt. (3) Jin Cuodao: Wang Mang's coinage "one knife equals five thousand" was called "Jin Cuodao" because the word "one knife" was used in the wrong gold technology. (4) English: The foreign word "English" means that English is as beautiful as a stone. (5) Qiong Yao: Two kinds of beautiful jade. (6) Rely on: the word "easy" is meaningless. (7) Guilin: County name, now Guangxi Province. (8) Xiangshui: It originated in Yangshan, Xing 'an City, Guangxi, and flowed into Xiaoshui, Huihe, Hunan Province, and into Dongting Lake in the northeast. (9) Qin Langya: Qin is decorated with Langya. Ji Lang is a beautiful jade. (10) Hanyang: County name, which was called Tianshui County in the former Han Dynasty, changed to Hanyang County in the later Han Dynasty, and is now south of Gangu County in Gansu Province. (1 1) Ryosaka: Osaka is on the hillside. There is an Osaka in Tianshui called Ryosaka. (12) Single coat with straight front. (13) Late early: wandering. (14) Yanmen: County name, now northwest of Shanxi Province. Lang Lang: The snow here is beautiful. Paragraph (16): Same as "satin", with heel. Case (17): The size of the food container (shaped like a tray with feet).
Appreciation of Four Sorrow Poems This poem is divided into four chapters, listing four distant place names in the east, west, south and north, respectively, to express the melancholy mood of the poet looking for beauty everywhere.
The first chapter says that the person I miss is in Mount Tai, and I want to pursue her. However, blocked by the hill "Fu Liang" under Mount Tai, I could only look sideways to the east, and my clothes were wet with tears. The beauty gave me Jin Cuodao's sabre, and I repaid her with Qiong Yao's jewels, but the journey was too long to be delivered, and I was worried and uneasy.
The other three chapters have the same structure and are written in the order of "thinking, hoping, crying, giving and hurting". Apart from the different items given by beauties and returned by poets, the place names of each chapter are also different.
These four chapters are not written casually. The location of the first chapter is Mount Tai. The ancients thought that "if you have virtue, you will achieve success and seal Mount Tai in the east, so you should think about it." Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty once climbed Mount Tai, and Emperor An of the Eastern Han Dynasty also climbed Mount Tai on 124 (three years) to worship Daizong. It can be seen that the poet is pinning his hopes on the king, hoping that he will cheer up and do something. The poet is also willing to repay kindness with kindness and let the world be ruled. However, the poet's political ideal could not be realized because of the obstruction of consorts and eunuchs, and he could only wander around in sorrow. The second chapter is located in Guilin County. According to historical records, during the reign of Emperor An of the Eastern Han Dynasty and Shun Di, the ethnic contradictions in this area were sharp, and Shun Di was extremely considerate of this. The third chapter centers on Hanyang. During the reign of Emperor Han 'an and Emperor Shun, the Qiang people invaded from time to time, and the generals were unable to defend the border. The fourth chapter is about the poet's thoughts in Yanmen, that is, Yanmenguan in the north of Shanxi, that is, the north of Han Dynasty. According to historical records, during the reign of Emperor An, Xianbei people often came to attack and plunder horses, which worried the poet.
This poem is included in the Selected Works as a preface to later generations. Zhang Heng said: "According to Qu Yuan, beauty is a gentleman, treasure is benevolence and righteousness, water and snow are villains, and thinking of Tao and skill is beneficial to the monarch, and you can't be afraid of evil." This analysis is credible, because the traditional metaphor in ancient poetry is that beauty is often compared with the ideal saint, and the place names in the poem are all related to national security, which shows the poet's concern and consideration for national affairs. This distant place name also reflects the poet's tireless exploration of ideals and pursuit of arsenic smelting, but there are insurmountable obstacles everywhere, and it is hard to get what he missed, so it hurts. This twists and turns reflect the dirty darkness of the real society from the side, which is the social content of the poet's pros and cons.
In addition to the metaphor of "beauty and vanilla", this poem also uses the artistic techniques of overlapping and repeating in the folk songs of the Book of Songs. These four chapters have the same meaning, the same structure, the same sentence pattern and very neat form, but the rhyming words in each chapter are different, which shows the neat changes.
In the Qing Dynasty, Shen Deqian commented on this poem in The Source of Ancient Poetry, saying, "I was upset and depressed, and I was deeply nostalgic for the past, so I changed my writing style." He also said, "How can I think twice?" Later generations painted the face and ears of the stone. 」
"Four Sorrow Poems" has a clear meaning of loving beauty, but the depth of loving you can also be inferred. The Selected Works divides poetry into "four thoughts". Look at this "one thought". The beauty who is always admired is hard to find in the fog of Mount Tai in the East, and the desire for "me" is just to follow her and breathe in her fragrance. Is the obsession with "I" invisible? As for the hills in Fu Liang, I was prevented from getting close to the beautiful scenery, but I showed everyone around. As for tears, my skirt was wet, so my true love suddenly disappeared? At this point, the three sentences of the poem, from beginning to end, all show the poet's infatuation with love. The following four sentences are more than one paragraph. The poet's words are beneficial and deeply touching. "Give me a peach and return it to Qiong Yao" (The Book of Songs Papaya). Since the ancients said that "I" had Joan, British and American jade in my arms, how could I give it back without thinking? Now, although I know that Fu Liang is an obstacle and the road is long, this gift can never be delivered, and this life can only last for a long time. However, why can't "I" never stop thinking, always upset and endless old four?
After the first thought, the second thought, the second thought, the fourth thought, and the fourth thought kept coming. Although I failed for the first time, I never stopped trying. When the beauty who gave him the beautiful stone wandered between the mountains and rivers in Guilin, he rushed to the south with pairs of white jade plates; When the beauty who gave him a mink coat fluttered over Qiu Ling in Hanyang, he went to the west with the bright moon and treasure; When the beautiful woman who gave him gorgeous colors appeared in Yanmenguan, he quickly took a few boxes made of sapphire and galloped north, although the unfathomable water in Hunan limited me to Guilin; Although Hanban is long, I can't get to Hanyang without me. Although there is rain and snow, I can't reach the wild goose gate; Although every time I was banned, I ended up with a torrent, which dyed my skirt red. My melancholy increased every time, and my worries became more and more difficult to release-however, "I" was tireless and determined! It is conceivable that if there are four directions between heaven and earth, there will be more "four thoughts" in poetry, more than ten thousand in Qian Qian, and as for ten thousand, there will be more troubles for poets. Don't think that there is only juxtaposition between the "four worries", but there is no progression, and that its composition is monotonous and there are few changes; Don't you think it's a bit literary if the poem Jiaxu ends with "Everything is in the middle of the water"? If Chen Chu ends with "fatigue and sadness", won't you feel the "fatigue" of his "heart"? Only by missing one, as for the third and fourth, can we see the poet's deep affection and lingering. Just like this poem, although "sorrow" ends with "four", its sorrow extends to Hu Di, who can measure it? "Three sighs, generous and sad." If you want to know this state, where will you find it if you don't ask for it from repeated chapters and sentences like four sad poems?
"Four Sorrow Poems" is not only touching in content, but also striking in sentence pattern. It is an early seven-character poem in ancient Chinese poetry. Seven-character poetry has a long history, but all the sentences in the poem are seven words, and each sentence is in the form of four words and three words. The word "Xi" is hardly used as a language aid in the sentence. Within the scope of the existing classical poems with accurate and credible creation date (instead of the Song of Wuzi and the Poem of Bailiang contained in later works, it is difficult to distinguish between true and false), this poem was before this, and the seven-character poem was mixed with eight words and nine words, such as the Song of Praise by Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty. Or the first three words and the last three words of each sentence are a paragraph with an "Xi" in the middle, such as Gaixia Song by Xiang Yu and Biege by Li Ling: these are not typical seven-character poems. As for the "Song of Febrile Diseases" by Princess Sun of the Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, although it has reached the whole article, there is still the word "Xi" between two paragraphs of each sentence, which has become a eight-character poem. Although the sentence pattern is close to the typical seven-character poem, it cannot be classified as seven-character poem. Except for the first sentence of each chapter, the rest of the sentences in this poem are exactly the same as those in the later seven-character poems, which makes Arrangement look brand-new and impressive. Cao Pi's Ge Yanxing is a mature seven-character poem. As a seven-character poem, Four Sorrow still has many traces of The Book of Songs, such as overlapping chapters and odd sentences in each chapter, and traces of The Songs of Chu, such as the use of "Xi". However, its sentence pattern of "up, down and down" reached the level of "Ge Yanxing" as early as half a century ago. At the same time, the lyrical advantage of this sentence pattern-that is, the rhythm is long before short (different from the juxtaposition of seven words such as four-character poems and Gaixia songs, which is short before long), makes it feel like a long sound and a quiet whisper.
Background of Four Sorrow Poems There are three poems written by Zhang Heng, the most famous of which is Four Sorrow Poetry. The author of Zhang Heng's Chronicle thinks that this poem was written in 137 (the second year of Emperor Yonghe of Hanshun). Emperor Han An ascended the throne in 107 and reigned in 18. His consorts were autocratic, his official palace was chaotic, and the emperor existed in name only. In A.D. 126, Shun Di ascended the throne, unable to refresh politics. Instead of getting rid of all kinds of disadvantages, it has intensified. According to the preface of this poem collected in Selected Works: "When the world is getting worse, Zhang Heng is depressed and frustrated, which is called four-worry poem. Poetry: Four Sorrow Poems Author: Zhang Heng Han Dynasty Poetry Classification: Missing, Love, Beautiful Scenery, Place Names