Li Bai's poems and songs are the practice of his literary proposition. In the first part of Antique, he put forward that the poems should be "halal" and opposed to "beauty", and in the fifteenth part, he put forward the idea of opposing imitation and "carving" and advocating "innocence" and nature. He believes that poetry should be "clear water hibiscus, naturally carved" ("After the chaos, Tian En Liu Yelang recalled the past and gave Jiang Haoshu"). These are all Li's aesthetic ideals, and Li Bai's poems truly constitute the "beauty of clear water hibiscus" with true feelings and natural language. Fang Hui commented on Li Bai's poems in Miscellaneous Books: "The most important thing is to give an answer, and feelings are revealed from the heart." He believes that Shi Li can reveal true feelings, make people see their hearts, never hide their true feelings, and pursue their ideals and achievements. "Why not cherish the place in front of the stage so that Bai won't be proud and excited!" (Li Bai's Shanghai Jingzhou Book). The joy of being called to Beijing, "Laughing and watching the sky go out, are we Artemisia people" ("Nanling Bieer goes to Beijing"), the frustration when frustrated, the dissatisfaction with the feelings of the court and friends, and the yearning for hometown are all revealed in the poem. The lyrical intention of Li's poems can be summarized as follows: expressing ideal pursuit and bold personality, expressing friendship, love, homesickness, expressing the sadness of maids, and expressing the feelings of mountains and rivers.
First, the performance of the pursuit of ideals and bold personality.
Li Bai's main activities were in the years of Kaiyuan and Tianbao in the Tang Dynasty (46 pieces of Antique). "In 0/40 years, the capacity of this country is impressive." In this era, Li Bai sang his ideals and hopes with extraordinary political ambitions and high-pitched emotions, and "helped the poor", "saved the country" and "worked hard for his intelligence, and was willing to assist it to make the Atlas area stable and the sea county clear" (Ceng Gong's "Dai Shoushan answers Meng Shaofu's book"). Li Bai is ambitious and often compares himself with Lv Zhonglian, Lu Shang, Guan Zhong, Le Yi, Sean, Zhuge Liang and Xie An. He hopes that one day, the ruler can find his talents and use them every time, and he dreams of "hunting like a fish in the Weihe River and still being the emperor's teacher", hoping to help the world and people by relying on his own intelligence and hard work. Like most of his ancient Long song, there are archaize, laws and unique, and most of them express his positive ideal of being pragmatic, his cynicism and indignation, which is also a generous cry that this ideal cannot be realized.
"Giving pictures" (Part II) "Singing with swords at night, aiming at rapid growth". "Chivalrous man" means "die chivalrously and walk in the world without shame". How strong and fierce! Fu Liangyin praised Jiang Ziya for his "shyness, white hair and clear water, high spirits and thinking about economy", and envied him for meeting Zhou Wenwang in his later years and helping him to complete the great cause of reviving and destroying the Zhou Dynasty. Reading Zhuge Wuhou Biography praised Zhuge Wuhou as "the combination of fish and water, the king of the four seas, and the ambition of Wuhou to swallow salty Beijing". Envy to meet a wise Lord, restore the Han dynasty, aim at reunification, and establish the achievements of the world.
In "Antique" (the fifteenth time), it is written that "Zhu Yu buys songs and laughs, and dross raises talents before he knows that Huang Yu is thousands of miles away." Mock the present with the past, expose the social phenomenon of right and wrong inversion, and cherish the profound feeling of incompetence.
Antiques (part 19)
Anxiously follow them and take Hongyan to Zixuan.
Inadvertently, the Luoyang Plain was full of soldiers in the Anshi Rebellion.
Flowing to the grass, the jackal is crowned.
This poem shows the poet's ideological contradiction of pleasing both sides and his deep feelings of worrying about the country and the people. In the early days of Tianbao, the poet entered the court with a grand plan to help the people, but he was never reused by Xuanzong. After being demoted to Beijing three years later, there was nothing I could do, so I had to lead Wei Shuqing to sail with him. However, when the poet "looked down on Luoyang River", it was the social unrest of "walking among the soldiers" that impacted the poet's dream of transcending reality and made him turn back from fairyland to face the bleak scene of war.
Although Li Bai believed in Taoism and lived a life of wandering immortals for a long time, he could not abandon his lofty ideal of "making the atlas big and the sea county clear", so he faced up to the reality and was deeply concerned about the country and the people in this ancient poem.
Antiques (Part 24)
The cart flies dust, and the pavilion is black in the afternoon.
China is more expensive than gold, and Lianyun has a room.
He Huihe was dubbed cockfighting.
When the rainbow is dried in one breath, pedestrians are afraid.
There is no such thing as washing your ears, only Yao and your feet!
Through the description of Gui Zhong and the cockfighter, the poem deeply satirizes the arrogance of traitors and villains after they gained power, and expresses great indignation at the dark politics at that time. In the late Tang Xuanzong period, politics changed from enlightened to corrupt, and eunuchs and chickens and dogs ascended to heaven and became arrogant. At that time, Li Bai was in Chang 'an and deeply felt the corruption of the upper rulers. This "antique" is a profound satire on the reality at that time. The first eight sentences of the poem intercept two scenes on Beijing Avenue, and skillfully outline the luxurious life and domineering arrogance of eunuchs and chickens in front of readers. In the last two sentences, taking "Xu You washes his ears" as an allusion, he shouted out the cry of "Who knows Yao and wisdom" (who can distinguish sages from thieves), and regarded unfortunate villains such as officials and chickens with contempt as robbers who harmed the people, while stabbing the rulers at that time not to distinguish Yao and wisdom.
"Ancient Style" (No.34) laments the lack of virtue of the rulers with the historical allusion of "obeying the Miao family", digs deep into the root of the Tang Dynasty's conquest of Nanzhao, and makes an artistic summary of it, pointing the finger at the national policy of the Tang Dynasty, so the last two sentences of the poem are written as "How to make Miao Lian dance together". Antique (No.46) satirizes the reality that powerful people are in power, and ends with the allusions in Taixuan, showing the poet Qing. Self-restraint and his contempt and rejection of powerful people.
In a word, Li Bai's ancient style, whether it is to express the anguish of talent, to express his dissatisfaction with social reality, or to wander around the world, can not be separated from his lofty aspirations and life goals.
Li Bai's other poems, such as Farewell, Difficult Road to Shu, Yin, Liang, Wuqiqu, Traveling South and Fighting North, Sprinkling at Jiangjin, Six Poems (Part One), Xiangyang Song, Yin and Yu Hu Yin, etc. "I'm willing to bend my machete around my waist and cut Loulan straight" (one of the six songs of Xia Sai) is a direct expression of the lofty aspirations of serving the country and a firm declaration that "one day, I will break the waves and save the sea straight" (a song is hard to walk). "Since God has given talents, let them be employed!" ("into the wine") is a high degree of self-confidence, and "what are bells and drums, delicacies and treasures? Let me be intoxicated forever, never come to reason! " (Into the Wine) Extremely depressed. To give another example, Li Bai's high political enthusiasm of paying attention to reality, caring about the world and worrying about ideals is enough to show that his poems are not only poems, but also powerful footnotes of traditional literati's "economic" thoughts.
Many of Li Bai's poems and songs show contempt for powerful people and denial of fame, such as:
Oh, how can I bow and scrape to those people with high status and important positions? They never want to be seen with a sincere face.
Climb Mount Tianmu in my dream.
Gold and white jade buy songs and laugh, and when they are drunk, they despise princes.
Remembering the past, he sent someone to the county seat to join the army.
Yanling respects the emperor of the Han Dynasty. Why does he need a long sword to stand on the jade steps?
Zhiyuan is not expensive, and poverty is not sad.
Answering the king's twelve cold nights alone
At first glance, Geng Jie died in the grass, not in a golden cage.
"Set up geisha to ward off evil spirits and advocate class division"
Pine and cypress are lonely and straight, but it is difficult for peaches and plums.
Antiques (12)
All these show that poets are unwilling to bow and scrape in front of powerful people. Emphasizing independent personality, pursuing free life and bold personality with both fame and fortune are the goals pursued by ordinary scholars in feudal society, but Li Bai said: "If fame and fortune increase, the Hanshui River will also flow to the northwest." (Ode to the River). Of course, some of them are Li Bai's complaints when he is frustrated, but the poet's pursuit of achievement is not to seek wealth, but mainly to do something for his country and ordinary people. These poems of Li Bai reflect his indomitable and uninhibited personality, which is rare and valuable in feudal times.
Li Bai's anti-power spirit is the most concentrated in the poem "Answering the King on Twelve Cold Nights". This poem is about my own failure, but it doesn't focus on personal gains and losses, but focuses on the whole political situation and social reality, criticizing those who are ignorant for a while. "You can't learn cockfighting from Golden Distance Beaver Cream, sitting here snoring and blowing rainbows; You can't learn from Shu Ge. I was carrying a knife in Qinghai at night, and I took a purple robe of Xi Shibao. " Li Bai angrily exposed political corruption. Some decent people, such as Li Yong and Pei Dunfu, died at Li's hands. Li Bai cited their experience as an example of confusing right and wrong. Wang Twelve himself was ridiculed by the society and could not find a political way out. However, a group of courtiers and people like Ge Shuhan (Li Bai who took credit for opposing the use of force to kill people) are complacent and arrogant. "Fish eyes also laugh at me, please be like the bright moon. You can't eat and trip with your fists. " "Han Xin is ashamed of falling down, and Mi Heng is ashamed of chasing after death." . Li Bai lambasted these lucky ministers and dignitaries for being restless ("Dong Long is more restless") and was ashamed to associate with them. He said that he would leave this ugly politics forever and wander the rivers and lakes-"Young people have long wanted to go to all corners of the country. Seeing here is the sparseness of Zhong Ding". The poet's open-minded and outspoken spirit has put on a dazzling brilliance through poetry. The whole poem is full of emotion, passion and overwhelming, which makes people uneasy.
Li Bai couldn't find a way out in the dark reality, and the strict feudal ethics and vulgar social relations made him feel suffocated. So he sought a wild and uninhibited attitude towards life, eagerly pursued personal freedom and liberation, and shouted "The road is as wide as the sky, and there is no retreat in front of him" (the second part of Difficult Walking), "When can I fly high and win?" When I was young, I wrote a poem "Fu Dapeng", describing Dapeng's "growing up from the ashes" and "contending for the sky, the mountains shake the Nanchang Sea, and the anger is unstoppable." Flying freely in the universe without any constraints is exactly what Li Bai yearns for.
This spirit is very prominent in landscape poems: "I climb high and look far." I look at the world, and the river is gone forever. " ("Lushan Ballad"). The highest cliff is only one foot below the sky. "Xiyue eventful He Zhuang zai! The Yellow River is like a silk sky, the Wan Li of the Yellow River touches the mountain, and the vortex hub turns to Qin Mine. " ("Xiyue Yuntai Song Send Dan Qiu Zi"). This roar, thousands of miles of rivers, strange mountains and mountains, peaks higher than the sky, all show Li Bai's enthusiasm for freedom.
Second, express feelings.
Many of Li Bai's poems are about affection, friendship, resentment, homesickness and other feelings, showing his rich spiritual world.
1, pure friendship, reluctant to part.
Master, I cheer you from the bottom of my heart. Your fame has risen to the sky.
In the rosy youth, you gave up the importance of hats and chariots and chose pine trees and clouds; Now whitehead.
Drunk moon, sage of dreams, bewitched by flowers, you turned a deaf ear to the emperor.
Gaoshan, how I long to reach you, that's all.
-"A Word to Meng Haoran"
This poem expresses the poet's sincere admiration and Li Bai's love for Meng Haoran's indifferent fame and fortune. It was Li Bai's admiration that made him write a beautiful chapter "Farewell to Meng Haoran on the way to Yangzhou" to express the farewell feeling of the Yellow Crane Tower when it was separated from him.
The friendship between Li Bai and Du Fu is a precious page in the history of China literature. Among Li Bai's existing poems, I'm afraid there are only two poems written directly for Du Fu, one is "The Army sends Du Er Fu to the East Shimen" and the other is "Dune Gate sends Du Fu".
What am I doing here? I'm lying in the city of sand dunes.
There are ancient trees on the edge of the city, and autumn sounds ring day and night.
Lu wine is not drunk. Sing together in vain.
If you think of a gentleman, you will send him to the south.
-"Dune Gate to Send Du Fu"
The first six sentences of this poem seem to be all about "I", but there is no one named "Jun". In fact, I don't write a word "miss you", and "I" lie high for you. Why is Lu wine not drunk? Why is it empty? Because you are with me! This "old tree" is "the autumn sound day after day", which makes people feel lonely and unbearable. What shall we do? Let me turn into mighty water and follow you to Chang 'an! That endless yearning is sincere, passionate and moving. Du Li and his wife both have ambitions to help the world. Isn't this profound friendship the strong sound of "devote your life or arm in arm"?
In addition to the above description of Li Bai's deep friendship with famous poets at that time, there are also his deep friendship with other friends. "Oh, go and ask this east-flowing river if it can go further than the love of friends!" (Nanjing Hotel Parting) shows the heroic feelings of the poet Hua Mao in his youth. "The wind blows my heart and hangs Xianyang trees in the west" ("Jin Xiang sends Wei Ba to Xijing"). This strange similarity brings the poet's yearning for Wei Ba to the extreme. "I will think of you in the clouds, so I will think of me in the sunset" (Farewell to my friends). Wandering around other places is like floating clouds. My affection for my old friends is like the sun that refuses to set for a long time. It is full of affection, in the tide. Li Bai described this ordinary farewell in life so vividly and implicitly. "Peach Blossom Lake is deep in thousands of feet, not as good as Wang Lun." (To Wang Lun). This farewell poem is the most famous. It writes the friendship between Wang and Li to the extreme and is touching.
From this, Li Bai's friendship poems can be described as sincere and profound.
2. Homesickness
Homesickness is a writing theme touched by both literati and poets, and poet Li Bai also has many excellent works of homesickness.
The foot of my bed is shining so brightly. Is there frost already?
I looked up at the moon and looked down, feeling nostalgic.
-"Silent Night Thinking"
This poem is fresh and natural. "From the text, the so-called people who have no intention to work but have no job." ("Poetry? Inside "(Volume 6). It is only a narrative style to write about the scenery and send homesickness, but it is rich in simplicity and typifies all the emotions of everyone. It is meaningful and intriguing to read. "Interpretation of Ancient Tang Poetry" "If this poem is inadvertently obtained, it will naturally be so fascinating."
Lanling wine tulips, jade bowls filled with amber light.
But I got the host drunk and didn't know where it was.
-"Work in the Guest"
This poem is not specially written for homesickness, but it tells the story of homesickness all the time. The poem uses two sentences to praise the beauty of wine, and three or four sentences to describe the host's enthusiasm for the guests. But the host's enthusiasm makes people forget that they are guests in a foreign country and miss their hometown. The wine is good, and the host's enthusiasm reflects his homesickness.
3. Think of the pain of women and maids.
The grass is as green as Beth, and the mulberry leaves in Qin area are green.
When you miss your hometown, you were missed and sad a long time ago.
Spring breeze, you and I don't know each other. Why do I feel sad when it blows to Luo Zhang?
-"Spring Thoughts"
This poem is about a woman who misses her husband in the spring and expresses her loyal love for her husband. The heroine's value lies in her deep affection after leaving, but her traces are sparse and her heart is still. The last two sentences capture the moment when the spring breeze blows into the boudoir and the maintenance account is lifted, thinking about women's psychological activities.
On the edge of Huang Yuncheng, Wu wants to live and cry on the dumb branch.
In the machine, Jin Qinchuan is female, and the blue yarn is like smoke.
Don't think about people far away, stay alone in an empty room and cry like rain.
-"Crying in the Night"
It is said that after reading his poems, such as Wuqi Qu and Wu Ye Diao, how to call them "immortals" and "crying at night" is an old topic in Yuefu, which mostly describes the pain of men and women leaving for lovesickness. Although Li's poems are similar to those of the previous generation, they are concise and meaningful, so they are famous articles, especially the last two sentences, which show that a woman is locked in a boudoir and her heart is tied to a long-married husband. She is so worried that she can't help but recall the past. At this time, she feels lonely and all kinds of thoughts come to her heart. How can she not shed tears? "Deep meaning, no need to worry" (Tang poetry).
See Guo Maoqian's Yuefu poem Jade Family. Judging from the ancient songs, Li Bai's Jade Family is devoted to "palace resentment", but it doesn't mean "resentment".
Step by step, I was silent and independent until the cold dew soaked my socks, and I waited for a long time to see the darkness of the night. The deep resentment and the curtain made the moon feel lonely, like a month of pity, silent and speechless. But readers know that people have unlimited words, and this resentment is deeper than resentment, which makes people read "nothing is wonderful."
4. Express your love for beautiful mountains and rivers.
"Five mountains go out to find mountains, according to a habit that has never changed in my life." Li Bai has traveled numerous famous mountains and rivers in his life, and his footprints are almost all over China. He wrote a lot of landscape poems, praising the magnificence of mountains and rivers. Some poems describe the magnificence of mountains and rivers, show the beauty of masculinity and take care of his wild and unruly personality. For example, write Huashan: "How magnificent Xiyue is! The Yellow River is like a silk sky, the Wan Li of the Yellow River touches the sky, and the vortex hub turns to Qin Mine. " "The genie roars, smashing two mountains, and Hongbo spraying the East China Sea." ("Xiyue Yuntai Song Send Dan Qiu Zi"). Write Lushan Mountain: "Lushan Mountain appears next to Nandou, extending in the clouds like a nine-faced screen. There are two peaks in front of the golden shovel, and a silver stream is vertical to three stone bridges. " "I climbed up. I look at the world and the river does not return. " ("Lushan Ballad"). Write "Tianshan Mountain": "The bright moon rises from heaven, and in the infinite haze of the sea of clouds, the wind comes from thousands of miles and blows through Yumen Pass." (Guan Shanyue). Write about the storm of the Yangtze River: "A wind blows down the mountain in three days, and the white waves are higher than the crock pavilion." ("Hengjiang Ci"). The above poems are soul-stirring, showing the poet's lofty aspirations and broad mind, and embodying the distinctive character of pursuing freedom and opposing fetters. In addition, Li Bai has many poems describing the beauty of nature, which show the beauty of women and beauty, such as "Seeing Friends Off at Jingmen Ferry" and "The moon is like a mirror, the sea clouds are like a palace". "Night Road Pavilion" "Mountain flowers are like embroidered cheeks, and Jiang Huo is like fireflies." "Autumn in the North Building of Xie Tiao", "Two rivers catch a mirror, and two bridges are completed into a rainbow". In the Travels of Qingxi, "Birds flying over the screen in the pedestrian mirror" and so on, the descriptions of these scenes reflect the peaceful, quiet and harmonious atmosphere in the prosperous Tang Dynasty, and also reflect the poet's vision for light.
There are also expressions of love and affection in Li Bai's poems, which are also sincere and touching.
From the above simple analysis, we can see that Li Bai's poems are very lyrical and can best embody the essence of "poetry is the master of temperament". No matter what kind of emotion is expressed, no matter what kind of lyric method is adopted, it can make people moved, sincere and sincere, the language is amazing, poetic and unrestrained, and the scope of lyric is admirable. His poems are true and natural, without any affectation. "The antelope hangs on the horn and there is no trace to be found." They are all true feelings about their own nature, as written in "After the chaos, Tian En Liu Yelang recalled the past, gave Jiang the prefect, and slaughtered it well", "Clear water gives a hibiscus, and it is naturally carved." His poems are as straightforward and natural as his temperament. "Climbing the mountain and seeing the sea is satisfactory." ("Wen Xin Diao Long? Thinking "Liu Xie).
The strong lyricism of Li Bai's poems made his poems the most literary, and became the pearl on the peak of China's poetry, which established Li Bai's lofty position in the history of poetry. The title of "Poet Fairy" embodies his immortal achievements in the field of poetry.