"In the past 30 years of reform and opening up, the conditions for running schools have changed, dangerous buildings and campus buildings have changed, and modern multimedia classrooms have changed significantly in the past 30 years. In terms of teachers' treatment, the happiness of medical insurance with a monthly salary of tens to thousands: "This is the old teacher of Xuelianguan who expressed gratifying achievements in his poems. Today, I can't exaggerate the development of education in China in the past 30 years.
Looking back 30 years ago, the development of Tonghua education was slow and difficult. Since the thirty-second year of Guangxu (1906), the national college entrance examination has been resumed due to the severe conditions for running schools in middle schools in Liaodong province and cities and primary schools in 54 cities 145 students and 72 teachers. Thirty years ago, the urban education of 1978 coincided with the country's reform and opening up. The Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee of the Communist Party of China re-established the concept of a labor school system that respects knowledge, talents, teachers, teaching materials and teaching time, and made arrangements for rectifying teaching order, restoring normal colleges and training in-service teachers. This is a great turning point in the country. Since then, education in this city has entered the track of recovery, adjustment and development, and all affairs will be carried out. The educational experience of "chaos" and "overcoming all difficulties" in these years is outdated and weak. Compared with now, the scale of running schools, school buildings, teaching facilities and equipment, and the conditions and environment of running schools at other levels are really heaven and earth.
Look now, 30 years later, the education in this city is booming and fruitful. In all levels of education and quality education, teaching reform is developing in depth. This year, in order to improve the quality of education and teaching, the trend of healthy development of educational science. At present, preschool education and basic education win glory, and private education, vocational education and adult education, which keep pace with public education, flourish. In 2007, there were 30,465,438+077 students and staff in various schools at all levels, which was unprecedented in scale and made a great leap. Types can't help but cheer and cheer!
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After 30 years of Tonghua education, we have adhered to the principle of educating people and putting moral education first, comprehensively improved the level and quality of nine-year compulsory education, and achieved remarkable results in controlling dropouts. The results of college entrance examination are rising year by year. In the autumn of 2004, all the new courses in compulsory education schools were visited, and all the new courses were enrolled in the autumn of 2007, which is the focus of high school education and scientific research in the city and undertakes a large number of major national and provincial scientific research projects. The middle schools directly under the municipal government have basically eliminated the IT "blind spots" and opened the Tonghua Education Information Network. The city has built 143 campus networks, and the number of computer stations in primary and secondary schools has reached 18778, with a student-to-student ratio of 1: 13. The modern distance education project in rural primary and secondary schools has been basically completed, with a coverage rate of 100% and nearly 1000 people.
After 30 years of development, Tonghua education has a good momentum of development and growth of vocational education. Speed? In order to adjust and develop the level and layout structure of vocational education and deepen the reform of education and teaching, what is the new construction area of urban vocational education since 2005? 27,647 square meters, by the end of 2007, the city has become the region of hundreds of all public secondary vocational schools in the province? School. New breakthroughs were made in vocational enrollment and employment, and the employment rate of graduates exceeded 90%. In 2006, the Municipal Education Bureau was rated as the advanced collective of vocational education in the whole province. During the Tenth Five-Year Plan period, the city invested 4 million yuan, rebuilt 4.3 million yuan of weak schools, and built and renovated houses and schools130,000 square meters, which gradually improved the overall level of education. Actively support the development of ethnic education. In recent years, more than 200,000 yuan has been invested in the construction of school buildings, experimental buildings, student apartments, student canteens and dormitories, and the conditions for running schools have been fundamentally improved. Early childhood education, special education and healthy development.
Tonghua education after 30 years pays attention to people's livelihood and effectively solves students' practical difficulties. Through the "Hope Project" to get rid of poverty and the student project, we will conscientiously implement the "two exemptions and one subsidy" policy to ensure that no school in each compulsory education stage drops out of school because of poverty. The Municipal Party Committee requires that the state grants for secondary vocational education should be well done so that students from poor families can get financial aid. Take effective measures to seriously solve the education problems of migrant workers' children and poor children. In the stage of one-fee compulsory education, it is necessary to improve students' right to choose to attend public high schools, "restrict" policies, and strictly examine the style and discipline to ensure fair and transparent education. In 2005, the sunshine project of "Sunshine Placement, Sunshine Classroom" was first implemented in the whole province and was widely praised by the society.
"Sunshine is always after the storm, 30 including the vicissitudes of education and the new face of recovery; Education honor has a long way to go. The Municipal Education Bureau commends, rewards and honors more than 20 times a year at or above the provincial level. The State Council was awarded the "Model Collective of National Unity and Progress", the Ministry of Education, the Central Academy of Educational Sciences and the National Excellent Experimental Zone of Modern Technology Education for Loyalty and Filial Piety, and Tonghua City and the Ministry of Education were awarded the "National Advanced City of Urban Education Reform".
Now, Tonghua Education will comprehensively promote the sustained, healthy and coordinated development of all kinds of education at all levels, actively implement the strategy of "rejuvenating the country through science and education" and "strengthening the country through intelligence", and promote the close integration of education with scientific and technological innovation, economic construction, cultural prosperity and social progress. The way forward will be a new chapter in revitalizing Tonghua's old industrial base and accelerating the process of well-off!
. How has China's compulsory education system and policy changed since the reform and opening up?
1985 in may, the government of China decided to reform the education system. "where basic education develops, the responsibility of nine-year compulsory education should be gradually implemented, and where basic education is responsible, the principle of hierarchical management should be implemented." . "The division of local responsibilities shall be determined by the provinces (municipalities and autonomous regions). Around the basic operation of county high schools, township junior high schools and village-run primary schools, the responsibility of rural compulsory education falls on the township government. ?
& ltbr/ 1986 In April, after the promulgation of the Compulsory Education Law of People's Republic of China (PRC), various provinces (municipalities and autonomous regions) formulated local regulations for the implementation of the compulsory education law. With the gradual deepening of reform and opening up, China's investment in the education system has undergone major changes, and the sources of compulsory education funds are diversified, which used to be a single source. From the actual situation, the source of funds for compulsory education is unreasonable. From 1994 to 200 1, 78% of compulsory education in China is undertaken by towns, 9% by county finance, 1 1% by provincial finance, and less than 2% by central finance. Villages and towns are basically the result of "eating" finance, so in the actual rural compulsory education, some burdens are passed on to farmers' rural compulsory education, which is a prominent problem. ?
On the basis of comprehensively solving the difficult decision-making of rural compulsory education and education reform and development, the rural compulsory education management system of "county governing county" issued by the State Council on 200 1 was improved. However, because the state has not put the responsibility on the central, provincial, municipal and county people's governments, it has once again emphasized the problem of difficult funds for rural compulsory education. According to the report of the National Audit Office in 2003, by the end of 20001,the debt of compulsory education in 50 counties surveyed was 2.384 billion yuan, up to 389.8 million yuan from the end of June 2003. ? In some counties, more than 80% of primary and secondary schools are heavily in debt.
In 2005, the compulsory education system in China has undergone important changes. The Ministry of Education has further promoted the balanced development of compulsory education, and the State Council issued the Opinions on Deepening the Reform of Rural Compulsory Education Funding Guarantee Mechanism. In order to promote the balanced development of compulsory education, we need to fully understand its important role in building a harmonious society, effectively curb the widening educational gap between urban and rural areas and between regions, promote regional focus, implement county-level priority issues, and clearly put forward compulsory measures: defining responsibilities at all levels, The central and local governments enjoy balanced development, increase financial input, gradually improve the level of organization and implementation, gradually enter public finance to cover rural compulsory education, establish sub-projects between the central and local governments, and share the funds in proportion to ensure rural compulsory education funds. ?
In 2006, the government of China exempted all tuition and miscellaneous fees for compulsory education in rural and western areas, and the central government arranged public funds to subsidize funds, so as to improve the level of public funds for primary and secondary schools in rural compulsory education in western areas, and launched a new mechanism for ensuring the safety of funds for primary and secondary schools in rural compulsory education. ?
In 2007, the central government decided to continue to provide free textbooks and boarding fees for students from poor rural families at all stages of rural compulsory education. And decided to exempt the tuition and miscellaneous fees of urban compulsory education from the spring semester of 2008.
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Looking back 30 years ago, the development of education in Tangjun Town was slow, difficult and shabby, with a one-story house, brick-concrete structure, dilapidated teaching equipment and facilities, poor school environment and conditions, and very simple, old and weak.
Since the reform and opening up, great changes have taken place in the lives of all social strata, and the educational spirit is also positive. "Thirty years of reform and opening up, changes in school conditions, dilapidated buildings, changing buildings on campus, modern multimedia classrooms, and remarkable reform and opening up have changed a lot. In terms of teacher treatment, tens of thousands to thousands of medical insurance every month." This is an old teacher who uses poetry to express gratifying changes and achievements, as well as the development of education in China in the past thirty years.
With the development of production and the progress of science and technology, the aspirations of the broad masses of the people are becoming more and more intense and urgent, and they can see that the old school buildings can no longer adapt to the development of modern education. With the help of the superior departments of 22 primary and secondary schools in Dongjuntang Town, and with the strong support of social enthusiasts and overseas, we raised funds from all aspects, channels and levels, and set off sponsorship climax again and again. After more than 30 years of reform and opening up, the school has established a new school site or a new school building. The school is in the town, with a total area? 157779 m2, construction area? With 38,809 square meters of school equipment and facilities, the scale of running a school is improving day by day, and the school has taken on a new look.
From popularizing nine-year compulsory education to popularizing high-quality high school education, Kunshan has built an increasingly complex system, national education and quality education system. There are 103 national, provincial and Suzhou quality schools in the city, accounting for 9 1. 15% of the total number of schools. Strengthen the city's primary school enrollment rate and secondary school enrollment rate from 90% to 98.7% of 1985. The admission rate of high school graduates in the college entrance examination has also been continuously improved. 1979, only 24 1 people attended this year's high school or university, and 3659 people were admitted to the university. The undergraduate admission rates of college entrance examination were 95.7 1% and 65.08% respectively, and nearly one-third of the candidates were admitted to these two universities, a record high.
Teaching mode: from the education quality of "one person"
Chinese teacher in a city high school in northeast Zhou Xiang. During the teaching reform from 65438 to 0988, he had many feelings. "I remember that at the beginning of my work, teaching was very simple. I just teach knowledge, and the class is more detailed so that more students can master it. But now I can't do it. Besides teaching basic knowledge, I have to cultivate and improve students' abilities in all aspects. "zhouxiangdong smiled and told reporters that the language in the exam, knowing the college students in China, may not do well a few years ago."
In recent years, the quality of education has been mentioned in an increasingly important position. The goal put forward by the school is to take students as the center and students as the theme, and promote the all-round development of students by mobilizing their enthusiasm and creativity. Paying attention to students' all-round development and respecting their individual differences have become the focus of teachers' teaching. The reporter was lucky enough to attend a major school Chinese class. The classroom atmosphere was very active, and the content taught by the teacher was lively and interesting, which fully mobilized the children's learning enthusiasm and made them more involved and interactive in the classroom.
Zhang Fengliang, vice principal of Bailu Experimental Primary School, told reporters that more and more teachers use heuristic education to ask questions with texts, and then let students and teachers find answers together. But after school, teachers and students rely on the Internet to search for colleagues in the database to explore other forms, and finally find the answer with students in class through exploration, and everyone can recognize it. Students who exercise and improve their abilities also participate in this series of activities.
This educational concept and teaching mode are completely different from those of 10 years ago. Classroom teaching, the teacher's "centralized" education, the whole class listens to the teacher's lecture, and the class is over, which is boring and boring. After class, the teacher also arranged many employment opportunities for students to digest. There are indications that students all over the world stay up all night after exams. Now, a new way of education has completely replaced "one person" education, and teaching is full of vitality.
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While reforming classroom teaching, schools pay more and more attention to extracurricular activities. Academic study of students is no longer the only way to learn more and more contents, and various activities contribute to the overall quality of students' training trips and inter-school exchanges. To a certain extent, it enriches students' knowledge, sports, music and art classes, and provides students with opportunities to cultivate special interest classes with increasingly diverse forms of hobbies.
"After 80 young people, we are a very happy generation. With the deepening of reform and the burden reduction of opening up, students' voices are getting louder and louder. I caught up with the nearest middle school, primary school and junior high school, which was so accurate and good for the senior high school entrance examination. At the same time, in addition to participating in the Olympic Games, interest classes in English and other subjects are also common. I also participated in works of art such as painting, and interest classes are more selective. " Yang Xiaoling, who just joined the work last year, said.
With the challenge of educational reform and modernization, the quality of teachers in Kunshan is constantly improving, and the continuing education of primary and secondary school teachers has become the quota of the school's annual evaluation. 1987, 57.09% of high school graduates in this county have junior high school teacher qualifications, 65.35% have senior high school teacher qualifications, 68.97% have senior high school education or above in normal schools, 79.56% have junior high school undergraduate education or above, and 84.65% have junior college education or above.
/& gt； Teaching facilities, blackboard chalk and modern multimedia.
A piece of chalk, a blackboard, a textbook, a teaching aid for school teachers in the next 30 years. Even before 10 years ago, there were teachers writing on the blackboard with chalk, and the blackboard was covered with the whole blackboard. After a class, it is normal to cover your mouth, hair and clothes with a layer of white chalk. When teachers deal with chalk dust every day, it is estimated that no one will think that one day, chalk and blackboard will be replaced by a slide projector and multimedia.
"Twenty years ago, small blackboards, application problems and small cards did math problems. 65,438+00 years ago, slides, computer multimedia courseware chalk and blackboard fell, then physical projectors and multimedia. In the past 30 years, more and more modern teaching equipment has begun to enter schools and classrooms. " Sue has nearly 20 years of teaching experience, and she feels very clear about reporters.
"I remember that in my school, every math class, the teacher would carry one or two small blackboards in the classroom. For example, the teacher hung a small blackboard, and sometimes the white English teacher covered a part of the content, such as a small card, a pre-written word and a cigarette, so that students could have a fresh scene in our memory." It's been five years since Jiang Fengming graduated from university, and he still remembers the days when he was studying. Until the' 90s.
These seemingly basic teaching tools are written by teachers to improve the efficiency of classroom teaching. In the last century, small blackboards and cards have been gradually replaced by sliding. Then began to equip the classrooms of primary and secondary schools in the city with slide projectors. Teachers prepare lessons and practice, so they write them in thin slides and put the lecture content and pictures in the slides. However, in teaching, teachers deepen the educational reform, and modern teaching tools gradually come into sight. If the order of lectures is slightly adjusted, it will often be out of order. Student "Courseware" reporter is a strange word, but it seems so normal for a student under 10.
On September 9th, the reporter came to Yufeng Experimental School, which is a microcosm of the city's primary and secondary schools. 200 1 the municipal party committee and government invested nearly 800,000 to build new schools. Spacious classrooms, green lawns and patchwork buildings ... students play football on the playground, making the whole campus modern and full of vitality. In class, students carefully look at the blackboard on the LCD TV screen above the classroom, and the teacher points out. In the teacher's office, many teachers use laptops to prepare lessons. "In the past, in order to get enough data, teachers asked people to look for teaching AIDS everywhere. Now, before preparing lessons on your computer, everything needs a little. Everything is written on the blackboard. Now you can not only prepare lessons by computer, but also make beautiful courseware and prepare lessons in class. Modern teaching has brought great changes to classroom teaching. Teacher Wang Xufang said, "English is taught in primary schools.
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The vast majority of reform and opening-up schools in Kunshan Campus are very humble and are the mainstream classrooms in the cottage era. After 30 years of development, especially the past 15, Kunshan has increased its investment in education. According to the working mode of "three-level linkage between town and school", from 1995 to 2007, the city invested about 2.5 billion yuan in education, including about 2.05 billion dollars for school construction and about 450 million dollars for increasing funds and equipment. At present, the city's average level is 1.3, and classrooms have multimedia equipment 1 set.