Class name _ _ _
1
1. Learning chess is selected from Mencius Gaozi. By writing that Qiu Yi teaches two people to play chess, it shows that learning must be absorbed and not half-hearted.
2. Two Children Debate Day is selected from Liezi Tang Wen. The story reflects the attitude of two children who are good at observing, daring to ask questions, being reasonable and seeking truth from facts.
3. Mencius was a thinker and educator in ancient China, and was called "Yasheng". Later generations called him and Confucius "Confucius and Mencius". Confucius was a thinker, educator, politician and founder of Confucianism in the Spring and Autumn Period. Confucius' words and deeds throughout his life were compiled into The Analects by his disciples. Mencius was co-authored by Mencius and his disciples, including Mencius' political activities, political theory, philosophical thoughts and personality cultivation.
4. Question 3 after class:
(1) Because of its wisdom, if and? That's not true. A: Is it because his intelligence is inferior to others? Say: it's not like this.
(2) I was very close to people when the sun rose, and I was far away from people when I was in Japan. A: I think the sun is closer to people when it first comes out and farther away at noon.
(3) Which is your Zhihu? A: Who said you were knowledgeable?
5. Notes on "Learning Chess":
1, this article is selected from Mencius Gaozi. Mencius was a thinker and educator in ancient China. Mencius recorded Mencius' thoughts, words and deeds. Yi: Playing chess.
2. Qiu: A person's name is called because he is good at playing chess.
3. Cross the country: the whole country. 4. Teaching: Teaching. 5, only listen to Qiu Yi: only listen to Qiu Yi (teaching).
6. One: refers to Qiu Yijiao. 7. Honghu Lake: Swan. 8. Assistance: attracting and pulling.
9. Fu: In ancient times, it refers to an arrow with a silk rope. 10, Zhi: He refers to the last person. 1 1, furniture: together.
12, f:No. 13, Yi: Yes. 14, for: Because. 15, qi: His refers to the latter person.
Yi Xue's full-text translation;
Qiu Yi is a national chess player. He taught two students to play chess, and one of them was so absorbed that he only listened to Qiu Yi. While listening to Qiu Yi's lecture, another student always thought there was a swan flying in the sky and wanted to shoot it down with a bow and arrow. Although they study together, the latter student doesn't study as well as the former one. Is it because his intelligence is not as good as others? Say: it's not like this.
6. Notes on Two Children Debate Day:
16, this article is selected from Liezi Tang Wen. 17, debate: debate, debate. 18, with: think.
19, go: leave. 20. Japan and China: noon. 2 1, and: to.
22. pot: a container for holding things. Round is a dish, and square is a bowl.
23, cool: describe the feeling of cool. Warehouse: It means cold.
24. soup exploration: put your hand into hot water. It means it's very hot. Soup: Hot water.
25, affirmation: judgment. 26, you: you. 27. Know: Pass on "wisdom".
Translation of the full text of the debate between the two children that day;
One day, when Confucius visited the East, he saw two children arguing about something and asked why.
A child said, "I think the sun is closer to people when it first comes out, and it is farther away at noon."
Another child thinks that the sun is farther away from people when it first comes out and closer to people at noon.
A child said, "The sun was as big as a hood when it first came out, and it was like a plate at noon. Isn't that why it looks small from afar and big from near? "
Another child said: "When the sun just came out, it felt very cold. At noon, it was like putting your hand into hot water. Isn't that why you feel hot near and cold far away? "
Confucius could not judge what was going on.
The two children smiled and said, "Who said you were learned?"
2 in a hurry
1. In a hurry was written by Zhu Ziqing. His other works include Green and Back.
2. The article closely follows "hurry", writes the trace of the passage of time, and expresses the author's helplessness and regret for the passage of time.
3. Rhetorical devices such as personification, metaphor, parallelism and questioning are used in this paper. Interrogative questions are used at the beginning and end, echoing from beginning to end, highlighting the strong feeling of regret and helplessness that time has passed in a hurry.
4. Write a statement that cherishes time.
(1) An inch of time is worth an inch of gold, but an inch of gold can't buy an inch of time.
(2) Time flies, the sun and the moon fly.
5. Sentence comprehension:
Swallows have gone, and there is a time to come again; Willow withered, there is a time to green again; The peach blossom withered, but it blossomed again. But, smart, tell me, why are our days gone forever?
Parallelism shows that the ups and downs of nature are the traces of time flying. "Why are our days gone forever?" By asking questions, the author expressed his helplessness over the passage of time and his deep memory of the past time.
(2) Like a drop of water on the tip of a needle in the sea, my days are dripping in the stream of time, without sound or shadow. (Question 2 after class)
The author compares his past 8,000 days to a drop of water on the tip of a needle, and to the time flowing to the sea. It shows the author's very helpless sadness.
(3) When washing hands, the days pass from the basin; When eating, the days pass from the rice bowl; When I was silent, I passed by my eyes.
The author uses a series of parallelism sentences to show that days come and go inadvertently in life.
(4) The past is like a light smoke, which is blown away by the breeze and evaporated by Chu Yang, such as mist; What traces did I leave?
The author has made a high summary of the passage of more than 8,000 days, which makes the image of time passing in a hurry become "smoke" and "fog", with unique metaphor and novel association. The faint smoke and fog are "blown away" and "evaporated" in an instant, and the days are so fleeting. The author feels the passage of time wholeheartedly.
1: the moon is missing and round again; The leaves are yellow and sometimes green; The sun goes down and sometimes it rises again.
Imitation 2: When chatting, the days pass day by day; When you play, the days pass from your hands; When watching TV, the days pass day by day on the screen.
3 rosewood
1. The author of Mahogany is Lin Qingxuan, and we learned about his race against time. The article uses the growth of trees to compare the growth of people. Writing a seedling raising method in which a tree planter lets "trees learn to find water in the land by themselves" shows the importance of enduring the test of life and overcoming dependence in a hard environment.
2. The "uncertainty" of tree growth means that it rains and the tree planters water it irregularly. The "uncertainty" of life refers to the unpredictable bumps, twists and turns and hardships in life. Mahogany can grow into a century-old tree by looking for water in uncertainty and taking root hard, showing strong vitality. Only when people live in uncertainty and experience hardships can they become strong-willed people and make a difference. Trees are like people, and people are like trees. This article is an expression of metaphor for people through things.
The sentence that expresses the main idea of the article is "not only trees, but also people." People who live in uncertainty can stand the test of life and exercise an independent heart. " This sentence means that only by enduring the ups and downs of life can you become a strong person and make a difference.
Question 2 after class:
Not only trees, but also people. People who live in uncertainty can stand the test of life and exercise an independent heart.
A: "Uncertainty" refers to some unexpected bumps, twists and turns and hardships in life. "Uncertainty" in life, such as illness, laid-off parents, natural disasters, etc.
(2) People who plant trees will no longer come, and the redwoods will not wither.
Answer: Because tree growers water trees irregularly and quantitatively, it is to make trees adapt to the environment, turn few nutrients into huge energy, learn to find water in the land by themselves, take root deeply and thrive. So people who plant trees will not come again, and the redwoods will not wither.
6 Spring Festival in Beijing
1. This lesson takes time as the longitude and human activities as the latitude to construct the full text.
2. The article describes in detail the three climaxes of the Spring Festival: (1) On New Year's Eve, every household lights up all night, firecrackers go on day and night, and people have a family reunion dinner to celebrate the New Year. (2) On the first day, men go out to pay New Year greetings, women entertain guests at home, and children visit temple fairs. (3) Watching lanterns, setting off firecrackers and eating Yuanxiao.
3. In chronological order, the text is written in detail on the eighth day of the twelfth lunar month, New Year's Eve, New Year's Day and Lantern Festival, and other parts are abbreviated. The advantages of this writing method are: combination of point and surface, clear focus and deep impression.
4. The outstanding expression of this lesson is in chronological order, with details and omissions.
7. Tibetan opera
At the beginning of Tibetan Opera, three parallel rhetorical questions are used to emphasize the three characteristics of Tibetan Opera, which strongly expresses the author's amazement at the artistic charm of Tibetan Opera. The article also adopts the total score structure.
8.* Folk houses with their own characteristics
Folk Houses with Different Characteristics is an expository article. The author introduces Hakka dwellings and Dai bamboo houses through analogy, comparison, charts and examples.
9.* Uighurs in Hotan
The Uighurs in Hotan adopted a comparative writing method, which highlighted the heroism and optimism of Uighurs and adopted the method of echoing from beginning to end. The rhetorical methods in the article include metaphor, personification and rhetorical questions.
10 Memories of sixteen years ago
1. This article is a memoir written by Li Xinghua, the daughter of Comrade Li Dazhao. Through the memory of Li Dazhao before and after his arrest, it shows the great spirit of revolutionary martyrs' loyalty to the revolutionary cause and the noble quality of being firm and unyielding in the face of the enemy. Expressed the author's admiration and deep nostalgia for his father. In addition to the beginning, the article is described in the order before arrest, at the time of arrest, in court and after murder. The full text is coherent, which makes the whole article compact and highlights the author's feelings of remembering the revenge of killing his father. Before his arrest, he wrote his father's burning documents and books, and worker Yan Zhensan was arrested, reflecting the sinister and dangerous situation; When he was arrested, he wrote about the enemy's guilt, cruelty and his father's calmness; The court described Li Dazhao as calm and calm; After being killed, he wrote down the great grief of the whole family.
2. This article writes four things in chronological order:
(1) Comrade Li Dazhao insisted on revolutionary work before his arrest.
(2) Comrade Li Dazhao was calm when he was arrested.
(3) In court, Comrade Li Dazhao fought against the enemy.
(4) After the murder, Li Dazhao's wife and children were heartbroken.
There are many places before and after the text.
(1) I saw him throw books and written pieces of paper into the stove. ...
Later, I received a letter from my mother ... In order to avoid the destruction of the party organization, my father had to burn some books and documents.
Function: Make readers understand the ins and outs of things more clearly, and gain a deeper impression and feeling.
(2) ①1April 28th, 927, I will never forget that day, it was my father's disaster day. ...
I whispered to my mother, "Mom, yesterday was April 28th." ……
Function: highlight the author's deep impression of his father's murder and express his deep memory of his father.
Worker Yan Zhensan went shopping early in the morning and didn't come back until evening.
(2) In the military police, I found the worker Yan Zhensan who was arrested three days ago.
Function: Make readers understand the ins and outs of things more clearly and have a deeper impression.
Understand sentences
(1) That spring, my father didn't come back until late at night. I go out every morning.
It embodies his spirit of being highly responsible for revolutionary work.
The situation is getting worse ... His friends advised him to leave Beijing, and his mother advised him several times. ...
Comrade Li Dazhao regards revolution as more important than life, which embodies his resolute, selfless and fearless spirit.
They took my father's pistol ... my father kept his usual strict attitude. ...
It shows Li Dazhao's calm, calm and fearless spirit when facing the enemy.
In court ... my father is still wearing his old gray cotton gown, but he doesn't wear glasses. I saw his calm and kind face under his unkempt long hair.
"Without Glasses" and "Long Hair" show that Li Dazhao suffered a painful punishment; "Calm" shows that he is still strong after cruel torture; Kindness shows Li Dazhao's love for his loved ones.
Father looked at us without saying a word ... his confidence in the revolutionary cause. ...
Because Comrade Li Dazhao was full of confidence in the revolution, he was able to remain calm under extremely difficult and dangerous circumstances, not to give in under the torture of the enemy, and not to be sad because of the cries and cries of his relatives. He influenced his relatives with stability and composure, and turned their grief into strength.
Understanding of key sentences:
Father is very kind and never scolds us, let alone hits us. I always like to ask my father a lot of childish and ridiculous questions. No matter how busy he is, he is always interested in my questions and always tells me patiently. This time, I don't know why my father gave me such a vague answer.
A: Because the situation at that time was very serious, it was not the time to have a heart-to-heart talk with children, and things like preventing revolutionary books and documents from falling into enemy hands could not be clearly stated in a few words. What is written here is the unity of Comrade Li Dazhao's kindness to his relatives and his earnest work.
(2) "not often say to you? I can't leave Beijing easily. You need to know what time it is and how important the work here is. How can I leave? "
A: He fully understands the sinister and dangerous situation, but he will never leave his post. This shows his spirit of being highly responsible for the revolution.
We met our father in court. Father still wears his old gray cotton gown, but he doesn't wear glasses. I saw his calm and kind face under his unkempt long hair.
A: It can be seen from this sentence that although my father was tortured by the enemy, he was still calm and kind. "Don't wear glasses" and "unkempt long hair" show that the enemy punished Li Dazhao severely, "Calm" shows that Li Dazhao is still strong after suffering cruel torture, and "kindness" fully reflects Li Dazhao's love for his loved ones.
Question 3 after class: The relationship between the last three paragraphs and the beginning of the text is the beginning and the end. In this way, readers can understand the ins and outs of things more clearly, gain deeper impressions and feelings, and highlight the author's deep memory of his father.
Serve the people.
1, "Serving the People" was an argumentative paper at the memorial service for Zhang Side held by the Central Guard Corps on September 8th, 944.
2. At the beginning of the article, the purpose of China * * * Production Party and its Eighth Route and New Fourth Armies is clearly put forward-to serve the people completely and thoroughly; Then, combined with the current reality, this paper expounds how to serve the people comprehensively and thoroughly from three aspects; First, establish the concept of life and death of "dying for the interests of the people is more important than Mount Tai"; Second, treat criticism correctly, adhere to the good and correct the wrong for the benefit of the people; Third, do a good job in unity, overcome difficulties, improve courage, love each other and unite the whole people.
Three people are inherently mortal, either heavier than Mount Tai or lighter than a feather. Solid: Originally. Or: yes. Metaphor means comparison.
4. Question 3 after class: Because I serve the people, I am not afraid of being criticized for my shortcomings. Whoever it is will point it out to us. As long as you are right, we will correct it. What you say is good for the people, so we will do as you say.
This article has four sentences. The first sentence is that we welcome criticism, the second sentence is that we welcome criticism from anyone, and the third sentence is that we accept criticism from anyone as long as it is correct. The fourth sentence is that the way you say it is good for the people, and we will do it as you do. Sentences are closely related and their meanings are progressive.
14 Little Match Girl
1. The text is a fairy tale by Danish writer Andersen. His other works include Daughter of the Sea, Ugly Duckling and Thumbelina. This lesson tells the story of a little match girl who froze to death in the street on New Year's Eve.
2. The little girl lit a match for the first time and saw the warm stove because she was cold and longed for warmth; The second time she lit a match, she saw the delicious roast goose, because she was very hungry and hungry for food. Finally, she lit the whole match, and she saw the kind grandmother, because she wanted to keep her grandmother and fly away with her, away from the cold, hunger and pain.
3. The article is moved by the writer's clever expression: realism and fiction alternate, beautiful fantasy and cruel reality alternate.
4. Write the understanding of the following two paragraphs.
(1) flew to a place where there was no pain of cold and hunger.
The little girl died in a wonderful illusion. As long as the little girl lives in this world, there is only cold, hunger and pain.
(2) How happy she is. She followed her grandmother to a happy New Year.
"Once" refers to the fantasy after a match is struck. The former "happiness" refers to the happiness that the little girl spent in a beautiful fantasy before she died. The latter "happiness" means that the little girl will be completely happy without cold, hunger and pain after her death. This sentence expresses the author's deep sympathy for the poor and strong dissatisfaction with the social reality of the disparity between the rich and the poor.
15 Fanka
1. The author of this article is a Russian writer Chekhov. He wrote a letter to his grandfather through Fanka, which reflected the tragic fate of poor children in Russian society under the czar and exposed the darkness of the social system at that time.
2. This paper consists of three parts: the author's narrative, the content of the letter, Fanka's memory and imagination. In his letter, Fanka wrote down the pain of being an apprentice from three aspects: not having enough to eat, not sleeping well and being beaten and bullied, and recalled two scenes of rural life: grandpa's vigil and Christmas.
3. The characteristics expressed in the article are:
(1) When talking about Fanka's tragic experience, the author's narrative, Fanka's letters and memories in the process of writing are interspersed with three parts;
(2) Using the expression methods of contrast, contrast and suggestion;
(3) The text ends with Fanka's dream, implying the disillusionment of his desire, leaving people with deep thoughts and arousing people's deep sympathy for Fanka and anger against the dark society.
Lesson 65438
The synopsis of Robinson Crusoe is narrated according to the chronological order of Robinson Crusoe's adventures, including "Island distress", "Building a house to settle down", "Raising livestock to farm", "Saving Friday" and "Returning to England", which gives us a preliminary understanding of Robinson's extraordinary experience of overcoming difficulties and seeking survival on a desert island and shows Robinson's personality characteristics (fearless, resourceful, strong, intelligent and capable).
Why do you like this character: Robinson overcame all kinds of difficulties in the face of harsh reality, and his tenacious spirit of survival deeply touched me. )
Lesson 65438
Tom? The Adventures of Sawyer is an American literary master Mark? One of Twain's four classic novels is loved by readers all over the world. After a hundred years, the charm has not diminished. The outline describes Tom's five adventures around "adventure". It highlights Tom's personality characteristics (dare to explore and pursue freedom).
18. beauty across the century
1. This lesson is an article praising Madame Curie. The article is centered on "beauty". The "beauty" in the title is not only Madame Curie's beautiful appearance, but also her firm and persistent scientific spirit and noble personality indifferent to fame and fortune.
2. The article uses flashback.
3. Question 2 after class:
(1) This precious personality and lofty pursuit enabled Marie Curie to almost complete this great natural discovery and discover the meaning of life.
A: "This precious personality and lofty pursuit" means that Madame Curie has a "firm, resolute, ambitious and persistent pursuit", "this great discovery" means that Madame Curie discovered the radioactive metal element radium, and "the discovery of the meaning of life" means that Madame Curie understood that the value of life lies not in young beauty, money and reputation, but in making contributions to science and mankind.
(2) She changed from a beautiful little girl, a dignified and determined female scholar, to a new term "radiation" in science textbooks, to a new unit of measurement in physics, to a series of scientific laws, and she became an eternal milestone in the history of science.
A: This sentence adopts the sentence pattern of "from … to …". This "change" is not a general change, but a promotion of life value and a leap in life realm. The four "changes" summed up Madame Curie's struggle life and immortal achievements.
4. Why is the title of the text "A Hundred Years of Beauty"? What is the meaning of beauty?
(1) A: "Hundred years" means nothing, which means "eternity". Her great discovery has made eternal contributions to society. Her excellent quality and personality spirit will last forever.
(2) The meaning of beauty: Beauty refers not only to Madame Curie's beautiful appearance, but also to her great research achievements. More importantly, her scientific spirit-persistent pursuit of science, lifelong dedication to science and indifference to fame and fortune.
20. Truth is born after a hundred question marks.
1. The title of the text is "Truth is born after a hundred question marks", which is also the main point of the text. "Truth is born after a hundred question marks" means that as long as you are good at observing, constantly asking questions, constantly solving problems and persistently looking for the source, you can find the truth in real life.
2. The writing idea of the text is:
Put forward opinions-demonstrate opinions-summarize opinions.
3. Question 2 after class: A: The first example is that Professor Xie Piluo found a problem from the whirlpool of bath water. Through repeated experiments and research, he found that the rotation direction of water vortex is related to the rotation of the earth. The second example is that Boyle, a famous British chemist, accidentally discovered that hydrochloric acid would make violet petals turn red, and then conducted many experiments and finally invented the acid-base test paper. The third example is an Austrian doctor. Through repeated observation and analysis, he infers a universal law: all sleepers are dreaming when rolling their eyes. Supplementary example: Newton saw the apple fall to the ground and discovered the law of gravity. Luban's mountaineer was cut by a blade of grass and invented the saw.
Question 3 after class:
(1) Put "?"at the end Straighten to "!" , found the truth.
A: "?" Is to find problems and keep asking questions; "!" It is through exploration that doubts are solved and the truth is discovered. This sentence expressed an abstract truth in an intuitive and vivid way, which left a deep impression on people.
As long as you know everything, be good at asking questions and keep exploring, you can find the truth after you answer a few question marks.
A: "See the micro-knowledge" means that you can find problems from ordinary phenomena. This sentence reiterates the point made at the beginning of the article, and the beginning takes care of each other.
"