Poetry about ancient Greece 1. Looking for ancient Greek poetry
Pinda [editor of this paragraph] The most famous writer who sang piano music in his life was the professional poet Pinda (522 BC? ~442 years).
At that time, sports competitions prevailed in Greece, and competitive activities were combined with festivals dedicated to the gods. Pindar praised the winners of the Olympic Games and other Pan-Greek Games and their city-states in his poems. He wrote seventeen volumes of poetry, but only four volumes have been handed down.
His poems contain pan-Greek patriotic enthusiasm and moral teachings; He praised the victory of the Greeks in the Battle of Salami (480 BC). He believes that a person's fate after death depends on his behavior when he is alive. His poems are solemn in style, flowery in rhetoric and perfect in form.
Pindar's chorus had a great influence on later European literature and was regarded as a model of "lofty ode" in the classicism period of the 17th century. [Edit this paragraph] Introduce the poet Pindar (or translated version of Daros, Greek: π.
2. Praise Greek poetry
Totem worship prevailed in ancient Egypt, that is, the worship of an animal.
Local tyrants are everywhere. After the central Pharaoh's regime was strengthened, there was a unified worship of the sun god in Egypt, and the sun god Lai (the ancient Egyptians had many different names for the sun god, such as Lai, La, Amen, armand and Puta, which varied from time to time.
These appellations sometimes refer to the God who created the universe. The transliteration of the sun god is also different, such as Atong, Adong, Arden and Atong. )
Be regarded as the highest god. Atong's Ode to the Sun God in the Middle Kingdom is a famous piece in ancient ode.
These carols were written when Pharaoh Okhennathan declared that the sun god was the only supreme god worshipped in this country. One of them wrote: He created all things in the world, human beings came out of his eyes, and gods came out of his mouth. He created grass for cattle and fruit trees for mankind. He gave life to the fish in the river and the birds in the air. He blew on the chicken in the eggshell and saved the egg's life.
In fact, this Pharaoh is regarded as Phobos of Apollo.
This is the theocracy of ancient Egypt. Here, we can also see how literature is related to religious sacrificial activities in ancient Egypt.
It enthusiastically praised the great power of the sun god who gave life to the earth and represented the achievements in ancient Egyptian religious poetry. Through it, we know that the ancient Egyptians worshipped the sun precisely because its light shone on human beings and brought vitality to everything.
It was the sun god, the god of Adong, who killed everything, and then Adong's god gave birth to Adong. The belief in Adon is obviously developing in the direction of monotheism (Egyptian archaeologist Professor Ahmed Fekri thinks that Ode to Adon must have had an influence on ancient Hebrew literature, especially it is very similar to Article 104 of the Old Testament Psalms. This ode and other literary works are very interesting to West Asians. )
Praise for the Nile has always been one of the important themes in Egyptian literature, and there are many famous works about the Nile in ancient Egypt. Herodotus, an ancient Greek historian, said that "Egypt is a gift from the Nile". The ancient Egyptians felt more cordial about it and were full of love and reverence for the Nile.
They made up long poems and praised them with exaggerated words. One of them said, "Oh! Nile, I praise you, you flowed out of the earth and nurtured Egypt ... once your water flow decreased, people stopped breathing. " In ancient Egypt, the famous ode to the Nile was first introduced in the period of Melnaputa, the son of Ramses II.
According to Egyptian scholars, this poem was written in13rd century BC. Ode to the Nile has fourteen sections, and the following is its first section: Long live the Nile, Nile! You appear in this land, safe and sound, and make Egypt reborn: Amen, you lead the night into the day, and your guidance makes people rejoice! Breeding is the sun god, who is considered to love flowers very much. )
The garden created by God gives life to all animals; Irrigate the earth without stopping, falling from the sky (the Nile River God crosses the sky, and his journey is the same as that of the rivers on the ground. ), food lover, grain giver, Puta (Puta is the god who created Egypt and the architect of the universe. )
God, you bring light to every family! The Nile floods regularly every year, and the land on both sides is fertile and suitable for farming, which was developed very early. The splendid cultural and artistic development of ancient Egypt is inseparable from the development of both sides of the Nile and the development of agriculture.
The Nile is the cradle of Egyptian civilization, and people are closely related to it. Naturally, we should eulogize and praise it, and condense beautiful poems with beautiful words. As early as the ancient kingdom, there were various symbols about the world after death in Pharaoh's mausoleum.
During the period of the Middle Kingdom, the types of religious symbols increased, and even middle-class residents put symbols in the coffins of the dead. The Book of Death, which was produced in the New Kingdom period, is a collection of various mantras, prayers and carols written on papyrus.
The ancient Egyptians believed that after death, people had to live in a ghost country for a period of time, where they passed the tests of various doors before they had a chance to be reborn. After the death of the noble, the corpse was smeared with spices, made into a mummy, wrapped in linen, put into a sarcophagus, and put into a book for the deceased to read.
There are three kinds of such books: the book of death, the book of the lower bound and the book of the portal. In fact, it is to guide the dead to the underworld, protect the dead from all kinds of difficulties, successfully cope with trials, reach the "palace of truth" safely, and walk with God in the upper bound of abundant grain and cool breeze; If there is an opportunity, you can also talk to the great god Osiris (a god with all Egyptian meanings, originally a god of plants and water). People draw the view that Osiris came back from the dead from the annual growth of plants, and regard him as the god of the dead. )
The same is true of regeneration. The book of death contains the thoughts and beliefs of ancient Egyptians and their various details.
It can also be seen that the ancient Egyptians loved life and yearned for a happy life. The theology of the ancient Egyptians, their holy books and the concept of the afterlife. All this is based on a simple belief: to show immortality in the image of immortality.
The Book of Death undoubtedly provides us with valuable information about the ancient Egyptians' life thoughts. Obviously, in slave society, the vast majority of poor people and slaves can't afford this book of death.
This book actually reflects the slave owners' attempts to extend their prosperity to the world behind them. The book of the dead consists of twenty-seven articles, each with a different length and a different title. Here are the first few verses: get up, the dead, sing a song praising the sun, aha, rise to your amazing height! You rise, you shine! Fuck off! You are the king of gods, you are the god of all things, and we come from you and are worshipped among you.
Your priests come out at dawn; Wash your heart with laughter; The sacred wind, with music, blows through your golden strings. At sunset, they hug you, as if every cloud flashed from your wings.
3. About this incomplete poem
Like the Yuanmingyuan in China, the Acropolis is also broken walls, and the remaining sculptures are mostly connected with buildings. This is because "intruders can move the sculpture, but they can't move the columns connected to it."
In the Acropolis, of course, you should see the Athena Victory Goddess Hall, which is the Wingless Victory Goddess Hall. According to legend, the Athenian citizens cut off the wings of the goddess of victory in order to make victory last forever, so they became the goddess of victory without wings.
After the rise and fall of this temple and the looting of the war, the British removed many reliefs in the17th century, and now there are only a few 1 1 meter-high columns left. The "Three Fates" currently in the British Museum were moved from the Acropolis by the British.
The second stop: the Louvre in Paris, France, spans centuries in one step. Dean Sun recommended that the Louvre in Paris, France is the most worthwhile place to visit, because it almost abbreviated the whole history of European sculpture. Here, you can start with ancient Greek sculptures.
Venus stands quietly in the stone carving hall of the Louvre. It was originally salvaged from the sea. Originally a gift from ancient Greece, it sank into the sea halfway and became today's "Brokeback Venus". In addition to Venus, with whom everyone wants to take a photo, the headless "goddess of victory" also stands in the palace.
In ancient Greece, many gods appeared in human form, and the number of statues at that time was unimaginable. Bathed in the Mediterranean sunshine, I imagined people's mentality at that time-health and openness. Sculptures in ancient Greece and Rome are represented by human bodies, which show people's pursuit of harmony, rationality and beauty.
There are not many sculptures preserved in ancient Greece, so they are very precious. China people are particularly interested in the glass pyramid in the center of the square, which was designed by the famous Chinese-American architect I.M. Pei. This "pyramid" adds dazzling brilliance to the Louvre Museum and the city of Paris.
With this "pyramid", the audience can go directly to their favorite exhibition hall here, instead of going to one exhibition hall as in the past, and passing through several other exhibition halls, sometimes even going around 700 meters. Dean Sun joked: "In the Louvre, you can span centuries in one step."
From ancient Greece to Michelangelo in the Renaissance, and then to Rodin in the alternating period of classicism and modernism, people can go back to the past from modernity most of the time and feel the fine works of art endowed by history. Third stop: France-The Rodin Museum in Paris opens its eyes to appreciate the treasures. In chronological order, after returning from ancient Greece and Rome, I will go to Michelangelo in Florence.
However, this way is a bit circuitous. The best choice is to go directly to the Rodin Museum after coming out of the Louvre. Although this disrupts the time sequence, it saves the trouble of going around. The famous Thinker is in the front garden of Rodin Museum, and Kiss is in the back garden. There are more than 100 sculptures in the front and back gardens, almost all over the garden, and some of them are unfinished works.
Dean Sun reminds visitors to keep their eyes open when they visit, because Rodin's works are well-known and some original works are often exhibited abroad. If the original goes abroad, put an imitation in the same place, and the thinker has two imitations, so as to avoid the original being exposed and unsightly when going abroad, and tourists will protest.
Fourth stop: medici family Church in Florence is happier. When you go to Florence, you must not miss medici family Church, where many works by Michelangelo are concentrated, and famous statues of the sun, night, morning and sunset are placed here. Twilight shows a strong middle-aged man who can't sleep in depression and is in a daze; "Chen" is a naked woman, strong and almost masculine. She just woke up from anxiety. "Sun" is a seemingly unfinished male nude statue with a beard covering most of his face. He seems to suddenly wake up and look back at the distance, not knowing what happened in the world. The back muscles of this statue are beautifully carved. Night is the most poetic of the four statues. She has a beautiful nude, but her right hand holds her head and she falls asleep.
The owl at the foot symbolizes the arrival of the night, and the mask behind her pillow symbolizes the nightmare. Florentine poet Giovanni Batista Strotz wrote a passionate poem after watching the night: "Night, the charming sleeping night you see is a living stone touched by an angel; She is asleep, but she has the flame of life. Just wake her up-she'll talk to you. "
Michelangelo was quite sad after reading it. He replied with another poem: "sleep is sweet, and it is happier to be a hard stone;" As long as there is sin and shame in the world, I am the greatest happiness; Don't wake me up! Speak softly. "The fifth stop: henry moore breaks through the tradition and strives for innovation and change. The sculptures of ancient Greece and Rome have the innocent sunshine of human childhood, and Michelangelo's sculptures have the pain of struggling after human awakening, but they all belong to classical art and still emphasize "beauty".
Rodin began to introduce "ugly" things into sculpture, which were incomplete, broken, asymmetrical and no longer smooth. It can be said that Rodin ended the classical era of sculpture and became the originator of modernist sculpture. Henry moore is a representative figure of modernist sculpture after Rodin. He began to break through the tradition, showing deformed human bodies and abstract forms, and emphasizing the relationship between sculpture and the environment.
Henry moore's works can be found in almost any European country. As long as you see the words "Moore Henry, 1898- 1986" under the sculpture, you can be sure. For example, the portrait of the couch in the Tate Gallery in London, England (1) and the portrait of the couch in front of the entrance of the UNESCO headquarters building in Paris, France (2), if you are interested, you can run over and have a look for yourself, because tourism does not need to be tied up.
4. Ask the Greek poetess about offering sacrifices to the sun god.
To Apollo, the sun god:
Windy days
I stretched out my arms.
With Christian devotion to God
Pray for the beautiful and kind Shen Feng.
Lend me a strange wind-
Take me to the Temple of the Sun on Mount Olympus.
I want to see my beloved prince-Apollo!
Oh-
My handsome and noble sun god Apollo
Please, please.
Please make sure.
Don't despise the lovable and lovable God of Love any more.
She will indulge her naughty son.
Tease you and my heart.
Oh-
My brave but sad young Apollo
Please, please.
Please make sure.
Stop worrying about the shy and loveless dewdrop fairy.
Touch the sad and lingering black boy.
My tears are wrapped in a melody that will never dry up for you-
Oh-
Prince Apollo as infatuated as I am.
Please, please.
Please make sure.
Don't keep the cold heart of osmanthus trees.
Sigh, wait affectionately alone.
My heart needs your affectionate eyes to illuminate-
Ah-
Dear god in my heart
I beg you not to.
Don't live up to this crazy heart for you.
Please, please, please-