(Anonymous)
Picking hibiscus by the river, Lanzeduo fragrant grass.
Who is eager to leave? Thinking far away.
Looking back at my hometown, it's a long way.
I am so sad to leave home!
At the turn of summer and autumn, it is a beautiful season for lotus flowers to bloom. In sunny weather, a peasant woman in the south of the Yangtze River walks by boat on the lake with lotus leaves and lotus flowers overhead, and begins the annual lotus picking activity. It's really a pleasure! On the occasion of picking lotus, it is hard to say that it is not the sincere affection of the wife and daughter to pick a few lovely red lotus flowers and give them to their respective sweethearts. What's more, there are countless orchids and herbs on the lakeshore. Wouldn't it be more charming to put them in your sleeve and in your hairline? -this is the picturesque landscape shown in the sentence "picking hibiscus on the river and Lanze is full of grass". If you listen carefully, you can certainly hear the banter and laughter coming from the lake and Lanze!
But this beautiful and happy scene was suddenly changed by the sigh between the lines. The camera zooms in quickly, and you realize that this sigh comes from a sad woman. Unlike many girls' jokes, she silently stared at the lotus in her hand. At this moment, a kind smile appeared in Lotus's eyes-he was the husband that the woman missed so much. "Who is eager to leave? Thinking far away! " The long sigh tells the origin of all the troubles of this woman: when the girls compete to pick lotus flowers and claim to dedicate the best one to the "heart", the heroine misses her husband in the distance! She picked the beautiful "hibiscus" in vain. Who can she leave it to at the moment? People always think that if you want to show the loneliness and desolation of a character, it is best to put him or her alone in the clear autumn, because that can best set off the sad mood of the character. But have you ever thought that sometimes putting the characters on the beautiful and joyful background of picking lotus flowers to express the sadness that the heroine thinks of her husband alone has a strong contrast between "happiness" and "sadness"?
The beauty of the north
Yannian Li
There are beautiful women in the north, and they are peerless and independent.
Take care of the city first, then the country.
It's best not to know the whole city and country?
Beauty is rare again! At first glance, the first sentence of this song is unremarkable, and the praise of "beauty" comes straight to the point without any rendering. But its significance is extraordinary. The land and the country are beautiful, and its beauty is many almond eyes and waists, clear and charming; Northland has a vast territory, with many beautiful ladies and snowy faces, and elegant and affectionate makeup. This song begins with the word "North" and is written with a kind of harmony with the South. Different crystal clear and pure Shen Feng. There are more than ten million beauties in the north, and what this song foresees is just one of the ten million "peerless and independent" beauties in Qian Qian. "peerless" praises the beauty of her appearance, which is simply unparalleled in the world; The "independent" style is refined in its secluded place, which is even more extraordinary and outstanding. Not only that, but "peerless independence" also reveals that this beautiful woman disdains to associate with other women, and she is lonely and slightly sad-it is not only peerless, but also delicate and touching. This is pregnancy in the middle of peace. Only the first two sentences will probably lead Liang Wudi by the nose, giving birth to the yearning for beauty.
Since the northern beauties are so refined and lovely, what kind of beautiful charm should they have when they look around? It is not easy to show this. What's more, before Li Yannian, there were exquisite descriptions in many poems and songs. "Feng Weishuo Man" shows the harem beauty with "soft hands, frozen skin, salamander collar, rhinoceros teeth and a cicada's head like a moth eyebrow". The phrase "Smile skillfully, I hope your eyes are beautiful" was once lamented by Yao Jiheng of A Qing Dynasty as "a farewell song through the ages" (General Theory of the Book of Songs). Song Yu, who is romantic and elegant, sings about oriental women, and has the gift of "adding one point is too long, subtracting one point is too short" and "smiling, confusing Yangcheng and loving Cai", which is even more charming (Loser). In this case, if Li Yannian wants to praise northern beauties, he will have to stop dancing and singing. However, this talented musician unexpectedly sang the strange sentence of "care about the city first, then care about the country"-she only needs to look at the foot soldiers guarding the city wall and let them abandon their weapons and fall off the city wall; If you do another "eye turn" to the person who came to earth, the disaster of national subjugation and extinction will befall him! It is incredible that a beautiful expression of a beautiful woman's concern has been turned into such a scary language as "falling in love with the city" and "falling in love with the country" But if it is not so exaggerated, how can it show the amazing beauty of this beautiful woman? And it is precisely because of this daunting beauty that people are even more fascinated and cherished. If all the good things were so close and easy to get, I'm afraid there wouldn't be such a suffocating attraction. This is "not terrible? Life philosophy of "You can also be pregnant" (■ Feng Dongshan).
The ending of this song is also very chewy. It exaggerates the beauty of a beautiful woman, but in the end, it suddenly becomes a deep regret: "I would rather not know the whole city and this country?" Beauty is rare again! "Beauty often brings people the disaster of" falling in love with the city "and" dumping the country ". Is such an example rare in history? This seems to be a warning to the monarch, to remember the ancient lessons of cities and countries, and not to be confused by "beauty." "But the next sentence is followed by another layer? Don't lose the chance to get a beautiful woman, even if you are beautiful and fall in love with your country-beauty is a once-in-a-lifetime thing after all! These two words pretending to be in a dilemma have the beauty of "playing hard to get": the more you emphasize the inaccessibility of a beautiful woman, the more you see her beauty; And the more you regret beauty, the more you can urge people to get it quickly. The author's original intention is to express deep regret, which will affect the feeling of losing the beauty of Emperor Wu, so as to make a quick decision. This road can be said to be singing three sighs and lingering, which is disappointing. It is no wonder that after hearing this song, Hu Handi couldn't help but sigh, "Is there such a person in the world?" -Li Furen was recommended and summoned at such a moment, which is just suitable for the emotional atmosphere caused by Li Yannian's extraordinary song.
Seven-step poem Cao Zhi
Boiled beans are held as soup and simmered as juice.
The beans fell into the pot and wept in it.
We are born from the same root, so why should we speculate with each other?
This poem was written in a purely metaphorical way. The language is simple and clear, and there is no need to explain it. Just a little dredging in individual words and phrases, its significance is self-evident. "Douchi" in the second sentence refers to Douchi that has been filtered and cooked to make sauce. "Fen" refers to beanstalk, which is dried and used as firewood. The powder is cooked with beans from the same root. Metaphor brothers are too tight, give up on themselves and violate heaven, which is naturally unacceptable. The poet's clever metaphor and clever language blurted out in an instant, which was really amazing. For thousands of years, the word "born from the same root, why bother to fry each other" has become a common language to persuade brothers not to kill each other, which shows that this poem is widely circulated among the people.
This poem was first recorded in Shi Shuo Xin Yu, and only four sentences were circulated later, namely: "Boil beans and burn them, and beans cry in the kettle. This is the same root, why rush to fry! " Probably because it is still difficult to determine whether it is really from Cao Zhi during the communication. However, the author of Shi Shuo Xin Yu did not go far to the world of Cao Wei, which naturally has certain basis. Moreover, according to Wei Zhi's quotation in Shi Shuo Xin Yu, Cao Zhi also said that "words are justified and articles are written as chapters". Cao Cao once tried to use Deng Tong Que Tai Fu, and the success was remarkable, so Cao Zhi made such a good poem in seven steps.
willow
He zhangzhi
Jasper dressed up as a tree,
Ten thousand green silk tapestries hang down.
I don't know who cut off the thin leaves,
The spring breeze in February is like scissors.
This is an object-chanting poem about willow trees in early spring and February. Where should I start writing willow? There is no doubt that the beauty of its image lies in Naman's long branches. Once a year, it grows new green leaves and hangs down, which has a charming posture in the spring breeze. This is something that everyone can appreciate. In classical poetry, we often see this kind of image beauty to describe and compare a beautiful woman's slim figure and graceful waist. This poem is original. Turn it over. "Jasper makeup is as high as a tree", beginning with Vitamin beauty; "Thousands of strands of blue silk tapestry hang down", and these countless hanging silk also became her nepotism. The word "Gao" in the previous sentence sets off the graceful charm of beautiful Tingting; The word "hanging" in the next sentence means that the slender waist is swaying in the wind. There are no words "willow" and "waist branch" in the poem, but the beauty embodied by weeping willows and willows in early spring is vividly written. "Southern History" said that Liu Yong was the secretariat of Yizhou and presented several Shu Liu plants. "These stripes are very long and look like silk threads." Emperor Wu of Qi planted these willows in front of Taichangyun Palace, but he didn't give any appreciation, saying only that they were "romantic and lovely". Here, wicker is called "green silk tapestry", which may be the hidden use of this famous allusion about willow. But it's a waste, and you can't see any traces.
"Jasper makeup" leads to "moss tapestry" and "who cut it". Finally, the intangible and unpredictable "spring breeze" is also vividly depicted by "scissors". These "scissors" cut out bright green flowers and plants and put on a new makeup for the earth. It is a symbol of natural vitality and a wonderful inspiration given by spring. From Jasper Makeup to Scissors, we can see a series of processes of the poet's artistic conception. A series of images in poetry are closely linked.
Wing style
Bo Wang
The cool breeze in Su Su wakes me up.
Drive away smoke and find a stream of households, and roll the fog out of the mountain.
There are no traces of the past and the future, and interests are like love.
The sunset is quiet, and the sound is loose for you.
Poets use the wind to describe people, express their aspirations with things, and deliberately praise the noble character and diligence of the wind. The wind doesn't rest day and night, trying to be good for people. Isn't it right for a capable person to do things according to the wind direction? The poet has little talent, but his ambition is hardly rewarded. He once wrote passionately in the famous preface to Wang Teng-ting: "There is no way to volunteer, waiting for the final army to be weak; I have a pen and Mu Zong is Changfeng. " In this article, he is reciting his thoughts through the wind and pinning his ambition of "soaring". Song Jiyong's Chronicle of Tang Poetry called this poem "the most aftertaste, which is really a genius", which is probably where its aftertaste lies.
The focus of this poem is the word "sentient beings". From the top, it was written by "sentient beings", which was refreshing. From the bottom, it was praised by "sentient beings" as "relaxing for you". Through this anthropomorphic artistic technique, Feng's image is vividly portrayed. The first sentence says that the wind rises at the speed of "Su Su". The urgency of the wind had no purpose, but the word "plus" was used in the second sentence, which turned into intentional action, as if the wind came at a gallop, just to refresh the forest and make people want it. The activities of writing about the wind below are also anthropomorphic descriptions of dynamic scenes in the wind, such as "driving smoke", "rolling fog" and "relaxing sound". The wind blows smoke and the wind blows away, which are all natural phenomena originally written as conscious activities. She is magical as an elf, going in and out of the mountain stream, driving away smoke and fog, bringing refreshment, blowing the pines and waves in Shan Ye, and playing a wonderful movement for people. In the poet's pen, the image of the wind is vividly portrayed.
Stork tower
Wang Zhihuan
The sun sets slowly near the western hills, and the Yellow River flows into the East China Sea.
By going up one flight of stairs, look further.
The first song was written when I first came here, expressing my feelings of hurting the old for a long time. In the first and second sentences, the poet was in a familiar and unfamiliar environment in his hometown, and he felt quite uneasy all the way: he left home in his prime; When I got home today, I couldn't help feeling. The first sentence summarizes the fact that you have been away from home for decades with sentences like "running away from home when you are young" and "going back to your boss", which implies the feeling of hurting your boss. The second sentence inherits the previous sentence with "the decline of sideburns (Cui Cui, which means sparse)", and specifically writes out his own "boss" state, and sets off the changed sideburns with the constant "local accent", which means "I don't forget my hometown, can my hometown still recognize me", thus paving the way for the following two sentences to arouse children's questions. Three or four sentences changed from an emotional self-portrait to a dramatic scene in which children smiled and asked questions. "
Laugh and ask where the guest comes from ",among children, this is just a faint question, so stop here; It was a heavy blow to the poet, which led to his infinite emotion. In his later years, the sadness of the opposition between subject and object was included in this seemingly dull question. This is the place where the whole poem ends quietly, but the meaning is like an empty valley, full of sadness and boundless.
As far as the whole poem is concerned, one or two sentences are mediocre, while three or four sentences are like twists and turns, with no boundary. The beauty of the last two sentences lies in the powder on the back, which is seamless: although mourning is written, it is expressed in a happy scene; Although I wrote about myself, it was turned out from the side of the child. The scene where children ask questions is full of life interest. Even if we are not infected by the poet's long-term feelings of hurting the elderly, we can't help but be moved by this interesting life scene. The second song can be regarded as a sequel to the first one. After the poet got home, he learned about the personnel changes in his hometown through conversations with relatives and friends. While sighing for a long time, he could not help sighing about the impermanence of personnel. "parting
I have been in my hometown for many years, which is equivalent to the last song "When I was young, I left home to be the boss". The poet took pains to repeat this sentence in order to turn over the discussion about personnel conveniently. The phrase "people have lived for half their lives recently" seems abstract and objective, but it actually contains many specific contents that deeply touch the poet's feelings. The sigh of "finding half our friends dead" and all kinds of sighs caused by the sinking of relatives and friends are included. It's too numerous to mention, and you have to go in a cage. After three or four sentences, the poet's eyes shifted from personnel changes to the description of natural scenery. Jinghu Lake is located at the northern foot of Huiji Mountain in Shaoxing, Zhejiang, more than 300 miles from Fiona Fang. He's former residence is next to Jinghu Lake. Although it has been decades since I left Jinghu Lake, the water waves in Jinghu Lake are still rippling in the surrounding spring scenery. By the independent mirror lake, a feeling of "things are different from people" naturally came to my mind, so I wrote a poem "Only the mirror lake in front of the door, the spring breeze will not change the old waves". The poet compares "semi-killing" with "unchanging", further develops the meaning of "semi-killing" with "only", and emphasizes that almost all things in the past have changed except the lake wave. From one or two sentences directly expressed to three sentences describing the scenery and discussing, it seems very idle and irrelevant. In fact, this is a clever contrast, which only strengthens the feelings to be expressed from the opposite side. Under the background of continuous lake waves, the feelings of personnel are getting deeper and deeper. It should also be noted that words expressing time such as "many years", "recent" and "old times" run through the whole poem, which makes the whole poem shrouded in an atmosphere of deep meditation and overwhelming emotions. Compared with the first Prime Minister, if the poet once felt that being among his relatives was a little relief when he first entered the house to see his children, then he became more and more sad when he became independent from the sparkling mirror lake after listening to the introductions from his relatives and friends.