Gao Shi, a famous frontier poet in Tang Dynasty, is famous for his wealth, vigorous and simple style, vigorous and tragic. Such as Ge Yanxing
Cen Can was a famous frontier poet in the Tang Dynasty, as well as Gao Shi. Style, like Gao Shi, has a bold and tragic style. For example, "A Song of Farewell to the Field in the Snow-Clerk Wu Going Home" also belongs to the frontier poet of the same era, and Wang Changling's "Out of the Great Wall" (when the moon was bright in the Qin Dynasty, people did not return on the Long March. If Wei Qing, who attacked Longcheng, and Li Guang, the flying general, were alive today, the Huns would not be allowed to go south to spend their horses in Yinshan. ), Wang Zhihuan's "Liangzhou Ci", "In the Lodge of Herons" and so on. They all have the same style.
William Wang, a native of Jinyang (now Taiyuan, Shanxi), was a scholar in the first year of Jing Yun, Tang Ruizong (7 10). When he was young, he was brave and good at fighting. He can write poetry, sing and dance. Biography of Talented Talents in Tang Dynasty called William Wang a "Poet Fairy" and a frontier poet in the prosperous Tang Dynasty.
Cui Hao (704-754), a native of Bianzhou (now Kaifeng City, Henan Province), was a scholar in the 11th year of Tang Kaiyuan (723). He used to be a scholar in Taibu Temple and a scholar in the West. From Cui Hao's poems, we can see that he roamed Jiangnan in his early years and once lived in Chang 'an and Luoyang. In the late kaiyuan period, he served as our envoy to Hedong and went to the oil and salt river.
Li Qi (690 -75 1) was born in Angelababy (now west of Dengfeng County, Henan Province). In the 23rd year of Kaiyuan (735).
Xinxiang County Wei Zhong Jinshi, resigned and retired for a long time. His frontier poems, poems describing music and farewell poems that are good at depicting characters are all distinctive, impassioned and full of artistic appeal. Good at five ancient and seven-character songs. Although only a few of the seven laws are preserved, they are also very imposing. He has made many friends with Wang Wei, not to mention diving.
Frontier poetry in its heyday is a basic content of the voice of the prosperous Tang Dynasty, and its position in the history of China's poetry is unprecedented.
Since the early Tang Dynasty, because of its strong national strength, strong military strength, strong economic foundation and close contacts with foreign minority regimes in politics, military affairs, economy and culture, scholars have many opportunities to join the army or travel. Far away and unfamiliar border crossings not only make people feel desolate and terrible, but also stimulate their curiosity. A sense of honor and romanticism that contributed to the country prevailed in the early Tang Dynasty. Many famous poets have experienced Ma Tie's military life in the autumn wind, such as Chen Ziang, Gao Shi,, Rong Hong and others. The military life full of heroic legends and the magnificent scenery beyond the Great Wall are enough to arouse the poet's creative interest. Therefore, frontier poems, which gradually matured since Su Yang, Lu Sidao and Xue Daoheng in Sui Dynasty, reached a peak in the prosperous Tang Dynasty, among which Gao Shi, Cen Can, Wang Changling, Li Qi and Wang Zhihuan made the most outstanding achievements.
Gao Shi (700-765), whose real name was Dafu, was born in Bohai Bay (now Jingxian County, Hebei Province) (Bohai Bay was an administrative region in the Han Dynasty, and there was no Bohai Bay in the Tang Dynasty, so the old Tang book was originally called "Bohai Bay people", which was commensurate with the county). As for the origin, it is impossible to know now. Although Gao Shi's grandfather and father used to be officials, by the time Gao Shi arrived, his family had declined. When Gao Shi was twenty years old, he went west to Chang 'an. He himself said, "Twenty letters, go to the west of Chang 'an. Looking up at your door, I only brought one person ... Bai Bi said he would give me a near minister, but I can't do anything with cloth! Returning to Luoyang, there is no negative Guo, and crossing the beam to the east is my soil ... "("Not joining the army ") He thought that with his talent, he could become famous in one fell swoop, but he was disappointed. After that, I went north to Jiyumen and roamed Zhao Yan, but it was also "absurd current affairs, lost my way and heartbroken" ("Jiyumen didn't meet Wang Zhihuan, so I left it"). After returning home, he lived in Songzhou (now Shangqiu, Henan Province) for about ten years, during which he also went out several times. It is worth mentioning that in the fourth year of Tianbao (745), he met Li Bai and Du Fu in the frontier and Song dynasties, and they visited the ancient times together, and handed down the wine theory as a story in the history of literature. In the eighth year of Tianbao (749), Gao Shi was recommended by people and was named as a county captain in Fengqiu. However, due to the official positions of "welcoming the chief officer" and "whipping" (Gao Shi's "Fengqiu County Left"), he resigned three years later and soon became the secretary of the Geshuhan shogunate. During the Anshi Rebellion, Gao Shi followed Xuanzong to Shu to see the doctor. Since then, his career has flourished and he has been promoted repeatedly. Finally, he was appointed as Zuo Zhong Chang Shi and entered Bohai County. "Old Tang Shu" said that since the Tang Dynasty, the poet's attainments are appropriate. "
Gao Shi was one of the important poets in the prosperous Tang Dynasty. Because of the complexity of his experience, his poems are rich in content. In his early years, because of political frustration and difficult life, many of his poems were self-destructive and eager to use the world. Such as "Wandering with things forever, wasting time makes you feel old" ("Rewarding Scholar Pei"), "Shaking your arm at dusk, leaning on your sword to mourn the autumn grass" ("Ancient Girder"). Gao Shi's personality is uninhibited, and Du Fu once called him: "A noble apprentice straddles a good horse, just like a quiet son" ("Gao Shi."
Yin Yun called him "casual but not limited to details" (Heroes of He Yue), so he yearned for the life of making contributions to the frontier fortress in his youth: "Rely on the sword against the dust and think of himself" ("Reward Xue Lun Qi, Send Guo Shaofu Wei"), and he has a personal experience of the frontier fortress life. Therefore, frontier poems are also a main content of his early creation. After Gao Shi's career was proud, the number of poems and essays decreased, and the overall performance was not as good as before.
Most of Gao Shi's early frontier poems came from his personal experience and were felt after calm observation. Therefore, they are highly targeted and far more profound in reflecting reality than other frontier poets of their time. They not only showed the high spirit of pursuing fame, but also expressed the sadness caused by looking directly at the cold reality. Therefore, he was promoted to be the representative of frontier fortress poetry in the prosperous Tang Dynasty.
Ge Yanxing, the most famous of Gao Shi's frontier poems, is his first work after he returned to Jiyumen in the 26th year of Kaiyuan (738);
The northeast border of China is shrouded in smoke and dust. In order to repel the barbaric invaders, our generals left their families.
Stride forward together, looking like heroes should watch, and received the emperor's most cordial favor.
They walked through the elm pass with the sound of gongs and drums. They waved a row of flags around the stone tablet.
Until their captain in Shahai gave the order with feathers, the hunting fire of the Tatar chieftain flashed along the Wolf Mountain.
The highlands and rivers on the outer border were cold and desolate, but soon the barbarians' horses ran wild in the wind and rain.
Half of us were killed at the front, but the other half are still alive, and the beautiful girls are still singing and dancing for them at the camp.
In autumn, the desert is full of grass, the sun sets, and there are only a few surviving watchmen by the lonely wall.
When you meet your enemy, you will despise him. However, despite what they have done, Elm Street is still not safe.
Still on the front line, the real armor was worn and beaten thin, and the wife at home was crying.
Still in this southern city, the young wife's heart is broken, while the soldiers on the northern border are looking forward to going home in vain.
The wind cut off our progress, and there was nothing ahead in the place of death and blue void.
Three times a day, the dark clouds of slaughter rose over the camp. All night, the drums on the hour trembled and gave a cold rumble.
Until the white sword is seen again, spattered with red blood, when death becomes a responsibility, who will stop to think about fame?
However, when it comes to the hardships of desert war, today we will mention Li, a great general who lived a long time ago.
This poem is in the order of the author, which clearly shows that this poem is "a matter of emotional defense, so it is harmonious." Gao Shi himself had the experience of frontier life, so the thoughts and feelings in his poems are various. There are not only praises for the noble character and heroism of the soldiers guarding the border, but also satires on the uneven bitterness and joy in the army and the inability of the border guards to be human. It is not only certain that men should make contributions and run wild all over the world, but also sympathize with the pain brought by war to conscription and think for women. The author summed up the vast scenes and contradictions of the frontier fortress fighting life at that time with high artistic skills. In particular, the sentence "Half of our soldiers at the front were killed, but the other half are still alive, and there are beautiful girls dancing and singing for them in the camp" criticizes the arrogance, extravagance and neglect of the soldiers of the generals, which is the center of the whole poem. The language of this poem mostly uses seven pairs of sentences, almost every four of which rhyme, even and flat, with a sonorous tone, which expresses the poet's mood of being hidden from time to time, hidden from time to time, passionate and tragic, but it gives people a feeling that it is not gorgeous in form, but profound, vigorous, solid and vigorous.
Gao Shi's frontier poems are profound and insightful. For example, in his poem Frontier fortress, he pointed out the seriousness of the frontier fortress invasion at that time and the imperial court's blunder in foreign wars: "The frontier fortress is full of dust in the north wind, and Qilu drives south."
. Is it a long-term solution to turn over barrels? It's not a long-term solution. Just yesterday, General Li came to the capital according to the festival. General Rong swept the desert.
In the first world war, Khan was captured ... "He believes that the" pro-marriage "method used in the Tang Dynasty can no longer capture the strong enemy, and should quickly eliminate the remnants of the enemy and lift the border troubles like General Li in the Han Dynasty. In his frontier poems, there are often praises for the heroic and selfless patriotism of soldiers and sympathy for their hard life. In addition to this kind of works, there are five poems of "Ji An Gate", the fourth of which reads: "There are gloomy clouds beyond the Great Wall, and there will be no smoke in the day. Although Hu rode past the mausoleum, the Han soldiers ignored their health. The ancient trees are full of branches, and Huang Yun is worried about killing people. " Answering Hou Shaofu, he said, "The north is cold, and the mountains are free from hardships. Border soldiers are like pigs, and their bones are ashes. Don't say anything after you leave, it will hurt my god. "
Gao Shi's frontier poems also express his own gratitude to his husband and sadness about his lack of talent. For example, in Song of Xia Sai: "Wan Li did not hesitate to die, but succeeded once. Draw a picture of Kirin Pavilion and enter Mingguang Palace. Laughing at the scribes is poor and white. The ancients were ignorant of this and often became old people. " His ideal is to make contributions and make a name for himself. But the reality is cruel. He wrote in Thistle: "Is there no safe book?" The generals are very kind. I was worried about Sun Wu and went back to the door alone. ""Sun Wu incident "refers to the way of fighting. Although I have military strategy, no one appreciates it. Those ignorant generals have long been rewarded by the emperor.
Most of Gao Shi's frontier poems are old-fashioned in five or seven words, but there are also some quatrains with frontier life as the theme, which are broad in realm and strong in character. For example, the second part of "Two Poems to Dong Da" reads: "It is daytime in Huang Yun thousands of miles away, and the north wind blows geese and snow in succession. Mochow has no confidant in the road ahead, and no one in the world knows you. " The snow scene in the desert, on the contrary, sets off the extraordinary mind of the hero. Listening to the bunker and playing the flute: "Snow-cleared horses are still grazing in the lake field, and the flute is guarding the building in the moonlight." Excuse me, where did the plum blossom fall? The wind blew all over the mountain overnight.
. "The poem describes how spacious and bright the Great Wall is on a snowy night, and a tune of" Plum Blossom Fall "embellishes it beautifully and deeply.
Yin Kun praised Gao Shi in "Heroes of Crossing the River": "Poetry is full of words, and it is full of gas, and both the ruling and the opposition are happy with it." Gao Shi's poems mostly take reality as the theme, writing his own true feelings, true feelings, or lyrical or argumentative, without moaning and affectation, which is "more confident"; Moreover, the language quality is strong, and the heroic mood is the expression of "both strength and character". The combination of the two forms the style characteristics of Gao Shi's frontier fortress poems, which are "heavy quality" and "tragic"
Cen Can is the representative of frontier poems in the prosperous Tang Dynasty, also known as Gao Shi.
Cen Can (about 7 15-769) was born in Jiangling (now Jiangling, Hubei). Like Gao Shi, Cen Can's ancestors and father had prominent political positions, but when Cen Can was young, his family wealth had declined and his father died early. Because of diligent study, Tianbao was three years old (744). At the age of 29, he was granted the right to lead the government soldier Cao Shenjun. In the winter of the eighth year of Tianbao (749), Cen Can went to Anxi frontier fortress (near Kuqa, Xinjiang) for the first time, worked in Gao Xianzhi and Anxi, and returned to Chang 'an two years later. In the summer and autumn of the 13th year of Tianbao (754), Cen Can went to the northern frontier fortress (now the northern city of Jimsar, Xinjiang), worked in Anxi and the northern Feng Changqing shogunate, and returned to the East three years later. Thanks to Du Fu's recommendation, Guo entered North Korea to fill the vacancy and served as the head of the household and governor. Later, he turned to history (now Leshan, Sichuan) as the secretariat of history, dismissed from office, lived in Shu, and died in Chengdu Guest House. There are about 400 poems in Cenjiazhou Collection.
Cen Can went to frontier fortress twice in his life, and wrote more than 70 frontier fortress poems, which is the largest number of frontier fortress poems written by poets in the prosperous Tang Dynasty. Cen Can's frontier poems are rich in content, some of which express the ambition to make contributions to the frontier and show a strong spirit of joining the WTO. For example, "fame only takes a moment, and it is really a hero's husband" ("Send Li's deputy envoy to the Western Expedition"), "My husband is not rich in thirty, but he can keep his pen and ink stone all day long" ("Yinshan Xiting"); Have a plenty of nostalgia.
, such as "On the Messenger of Jingshi":
The distance from the east home is very long, and the tears are wet and the sleeves are still flowing.
Immediately, when there is no pen and paper, I will use your news to report peace.
Poems are written on the frontier fortress, thinking of their loved ones, with light language and strong feelings, but with a kind of generous tolerance.
However, Cen Can wrote the most and best works, or those describing exotic scenery and customs.
When Cen Can went to the frontier, it was the late Tianbao period, and there were many crises inside and outside the Tang Dynasty. However, the frontier forces of Anxi and Beiting were always strong, and the prestige of the Tang empire was still outstanding, so the mood was high, heroic and full of positive and optimistic spirit. His personality is also very curious. Du Fu once said, "Cen Can brothers are curious" (a trip to the north) and have rich imagination.
The magnificent scenery abroad greatly stimulated his creative desire, so his frontier poems, as Yin Yun said, were "strange in language and strange in meaning" (He Ling Ji). Although Yin Kun's ci is aimed at Cen Can's early landscape writing, it seems to be more in line with the artistic characteristics of his frontier poems. As for the "strangeness" of Cen Can's poems, the Qing people also had the same view. For example, Shen Deqian's Collection of Tang Poems said, "Participating in poetry can make strange remarks, especially on the frontier." Weng Fanggang's Zhou Shi Shi Hua said: "The wonder of history has never existed since the Tang Dynasty. It's a border jam again, and the strange spirit benefits. "
The strangeness of frontier fortress poems is first manifested in expressing the boldness and lofty sentiments of frontier fortress with strange imagination, and expressing the exotic scenery abroad with heroic and lofty language and harmony, which gives people an exciting and fresh feeling, such as the famous "Bai Xuege Farewell to the Home of Secretary Wu";
The north wind swept across the earth and messed up Pennisetum, and the weather in August will be covered with heavy snow.
Like a strong wind in spring, it blows at night. Blow open the petals of ten thousand pear trees.
Snowflakes fell into the curtains and wet them. The fur was not warm and the gold cup was too thin.
The general used cold hands to protect his hands. The armored steel was too cold to wear.
The desert freezes over/kloc-0.000 feet, with a crack, and the sky is full of darkness and melancholy.
In the manager's account, this wine is a farewell party, and the Huqin Pipa flute ensemble adds luster to this entertainment.
In the evening, in front of the headquarters gate, heavy snow fell, the red flag froze, and the wind could not drag.
Luntai East Gate, welcome to the capital. Go, the mountain road is covered with snow.
I haven't seen you in the winding mountain road, leaving only a row of horseshoe prints.
This poem is about snow and farewell. He wrote the snow on the border so beautifully, using it to express that strange cold, and then transitioning to the farewell scene and farewell mood. In the poem, "Like a spring breeze, the petals of ten thousand pear trees blow open at night" uses the scene of pear blossoms in spring to compare the snowy winter, which is vivid and makes the whole poem present a positive and romantic artistic conception. "Until dusk, when the snow collapses our tent, our frozen red flag can't fly in the wind" is white in the sky, highlighting the bright red flag, and the picture is very touching. Chen Yi once said that "Cen Can's poems are ingenious in the main scene" (quoted from Tang Yingui Qian), and Hu Yinglin thought his poems were "pure and fresh" (poems), both of which pointed out that Cen Can's poems were good at writing strangeness. Another example is "Song of Running the Horse River" to bid farewell to Feng, the general of the Western Expedition:
Haven't you seen the trip to Sichuan? The snowy seaside, the sand in the desert and the yellow ones fly to heaven.
On the night of the ninth month, there was a cold wind blowing in the wheel tower and the valley, and the valley was full of broken boulders like pecking rice, which went down and forward with the wind.
Despite the dust, the Tatar horse fat, the west of the Jinshan Mountain, and the gathering of smoke and dust, Oh, general of China's army, start your campaign! .
Wearing armor all night, marching in the middle of the night, the sharp wind is like a knife cutting your face.
The sweat of snow evaporates on horseback, freezing the pattern of five-flowered coins, your challenge from the camp, and the ink bottle from the ice.
It has cooled the heart of the barbarian leader, and you will no longer need a real battle! We are waiting for the news of victory in Xiguan! .
This poem describes the harsh environment in the desert: yellow sand enters the sky, the night wind roars, and flying stones are like a bucket. But when the poet described these scenes with exaggerated brushstrokes, his heart was filled with high spirits and excitement, because he set off the heroic spirit of those warriors who went to war with such fantastic scenery: look at the soldiers marching in the middle of the night and the grass in the curtain, how heroic! This poem gives us a beautiful feeling, not only because of the wonders beyond the Great Wall, but also because of the generous and heroic passion in the poems of the prosperous Tang Dynasty.
Cen Can wrote a lot of works about the miracle of the Great Wall and used many songs. Such as Farewell to Yun Ge Volcano:
The red volcano stands tall, and the fire clouds are dense over the volcano in May.
Fire clouds cover the mountains and stranded birds dare not fly thousands of miles.
Rehai Xing Hang sends Cui Shi back to Beijing;
The grass on the shore often doesn't rest, and the snow in the air spins away.
Steamed sodium silicate burns clouds, boiling waves burn waves and frying the moon.
I smell the Hull language of Yinshan Mountain, and the boiling water in the west seems to be boiling.
Birds at sea dare not fly. There are long and fat carp.
These scenes themselves have strange colors, and Cen Can galloped through his imagination and exaggerated them.
It is even more magnificent and amazing.
The strangeness of Cen Can's frontier poems is also reflected in the rhyme.
Cen Can's frontier poems are best at seven-character poems and seven-character quatrains. His seven-character rhyme is fluent in syllables and flexible in rhyme, which not only draws lessons from the cadence of Gao Shi and others, but also accepts the formal characteristics of Yuefu poetry, such as rhyming every sentence, rhyming every other sentence, rhyming every other time, and sometimes two or three sentences turn into rhyme. In short, the arrangement of rhythm is based on the content. So the syllables are loud and pleasing to the ear. For example, in "Song of Farewell to General Feng on the Horse River", every sentence rhymes, three turns and three tones are exchanged, which shows the urgency of military affairs and the high rusticity.
Among the frontier poets in the prosperous Tang Dynasty, Gao Shi and Cen Can have always been equally famous. For example, Du Fu said, "The speed is so slow that Shen Bao has to go with him. The meaning is just flying, and the article is finally mixed. " ("Send the Senior Third-class Ambassador and Ambassador to Pengzhou, Cen Twenty-seven Long History and Thirty Rhymes"). As for their accomplishments in the art of poetry, some poets once put them together to comment. For example, Yan Yu said, "Gao Cen's poems are tragic and touching to read." ("Cang Lang Shi Hua"), New Fiona Fang said: "(
Cen Can's poems are particularly high ... which is quite similar to Gao Shi's character, and reading them makes people feel generous "(Biography of Talented Talents in Tang Dynasty, Volume III). However, as some critics have pointed out, their style cannot be classified as "tragedy". Because of experience, personality and different artistic influences.
At the same time, the styles of two famous frontier poets have similarities and differences. explicitly
Gao Shi's frontier poems are more tragic, while Cen Can's frontier poems are more magnificent.
"Some. Therefore, Gao Shi's poems are "solemn and stirring", while Cen Can's poems are "fantastic and dangerous". ("Biography of Teachers and Friends") "Gao Shi's poems are still of high quality; Cen Can's poems are in the main scene "("Before the Return of Tang Yin ")
"Quoted from Yin Pu).
Among the frontier poets in the prosperous Tang Dynasty, Wang Changling, Li Jie, Wang Zhihuan and Cui Hao were also quite successful writers.
Wang Changling (about 698-757), a native of Jingzhao Wannian (now Xi 'an, Shaanxi), wandered around in his early years and went to the frontier. In the 15th year of Kaiyuan (727), he was a scholar and started his career. First of all, he was appointed as the secretary of the provincial school book lang. Seven years later, he was selected in the examination of erudite macro words and was awarded the county commandant of Surabaya (now Henan). In the twenty-seventh year of Kaiyuan (739), he was found guilty and exiled to Lingnan this year because of his "careless behavior and repeated condemnations" (old Tang book). In the 28th year of Kaiyuan (740), Wang Changling returned to the north and south from Mausoleum and became the county magistrate of Jiangning (now Nanjing, Jiangsu). However, a few years later, Wang Changling was demoted to the county commandant of Longbiao (now Qianyang, Hunan). An Shi Rebellion happened and Wang Changling returned to the north. When passing through Bozhou County, he was killed by Qiu Xiao, the secretariat.
Wang Changling's life is rather bumpy. He was born in poverty in his early years and "knows more about dangerous things."
",but he is very eager to make contributions and yearn for military life. He said in "Jiujiang Kouzuo": "Why do you want to repay kindness, but you are alone? "It's difficult to change" says: "How can you miss the boudoir if you win the first battle? "? This strong spirit of hard work, generous personality and Sai Yuan's personal life experience made him achieve unique achievements in frontier fortress poetry creation. The representative work of Wang Changling's frontier poems is "Going out to join the army". * * * (both from "All Tang Poems") has two poems. One is:
It is still the moon and border pass in Qin and Han dynasties, and the enemy has fought a protracted war.
If Wei Qing, who attacked Longcheng, and Li Guang, the flying general, were alive today, the Huns would not be allowed to go south to spend their horses in Yinshan.
This poem was once rated as a "rolling" work among the seven wonders of the Tang Dynasty in the Ming Dynasty. From "The Bright Moon on the Border", the author thinks that since Qin and Han Dynasties, it took a long time to build a pass to prepare for Hu, but the war continued, resulting in many family tragedies. The main reason is that the edge will not be human. This argument is based on the author's profound understanding and thinking about history, and the language is refined. Taking the bright moon in Qin and Han dynasties as the breakthrough point, it creates a broad artistic conception with strong artistic appeal. Therefore, A Qing poet Huang Sheng commented on this poem: "The quatrains in the middle and late Tang Dynasty are not good because they involve discussion, and this poem is not bad because it also involves discussion. Why is this? Ensheng Li, Wen Shengli Li. " There are seven quatrains in his "Joining the Army". One and two of them are:
The bonfire is in the west of the city 100 feet, and you sit alone in the sea breeze and autumn at dusk.
Guan Shanyue, who plays Qiangdi, is not worried about the golden boy Wan Li.
The new sound of pipa dance is always the old love.
I can't listen to endless worries, and the high autumn moon shines on the Great Wall.
The two poems mainly express the homesickness of the defenders who are constantly rationalizing and confusing. The author is good at expressing the feelings of characters in typical environments. For example, the first song is about a soldier guarding the border at dusk in autumn.
, bleak sea breeze, sitting on the edge of the beacon tower, ear is lingering "Guan Shanyue".
With the sound of music, he couldn't help thinking of his wife in the boudoir thousands of miles away, how she missed herself so much that she was so sad and homesick. Love and scenery are highly integrated, and there is softness in sadness.
. The second song describes the scene of military music. People dance with the accompaniment of pipa music, but how the music changes is inseparable from the feeling of "closing the mountain". Don't worry too much, don't play too much, and don't get tired of listening. The night is getting deeper and deeper. The Great Wall in the Western Heaven sets next month, and you are worried about the night sky.
There is a dark snow-capped mountain in Qinghai, with long white clouds and a lonely city looking at Yumenguan.
Yellow sand wears golden armor in hundreds of battles, but the loulan is not returned. (4)
The desert is foggy, and the red flag is half rolled out of Yuanmen.
The former army fought in Taohe River overnight, and it was reported that Tuguhun was captured alive. (5)
These two songs mainly show the ambition to make contributions. For example, in No.4 Middle School, the battle-hardened soldiers expressed their determination to "never give Loulan back", and the fifth song was about a midnight battle. The first two sentences render the tense atmosphere of the battle, and the last two sentences highlight the result of victory. Reading these poems together, people are moved by the lofty and great hearts of these ancient soldiers: they are as affectionate as ordinary people, but once the country needs them, they will sacrifice their lives for justice regardless of personal gains and losses. Because Wang Changling had a close experience in his early years, he had a better understanding of the situation in the army, and he also had the ideal of becoming famous immediately, so he also pinned his enthusiasm on these soldiers.
. Shen Deqian's "300 Tang Poems" said in Volume 1 that "fewer poems can convey meaning", which is true.
Wang Changling is famous not only for frontier poems, but also for poems reflecting women's lives. The female images in his works include palace women, boudoir young women and working women.
. For example, it has always been in my heart:
A young woman in the boudoir will never be sad; Spring came dressed up and boarded Chui Building alone.
Suddenly I saw the green willows, and I felt uncomfortable; Oh, I regret that I shouldn't have asked my husband to find Hou Feng.
The poet writes about young women first, because "I don't know how to worry". After dressing up, she goes to a tall building to watch the spring scenery. Unexpectedly, the brilliant spring scenery in "Yuanye" suddenly touched her lonely feelings and sadness about the passing of her youth, and triggered a sigh of "regretting teaching her husband to find a seal". The description of the young woman's psychology in the poem is meticulous and vivid. Yu Yue, a poet in A Qing, commented on this poem: "Feelings are expressed with ruthless expressions.
No intention of freehand brushwork, meaning is true. "
Wang Changling's poems have the highest achievements and the largest number, which is called "Seven Musts". It is generally believed that only Li Baike could compete with Wang Changling in the Tang Dynasty. Wang Shizhen's Poetry Criticism
To quote Jiao Hong, "Long Biao (Wang Changling) and Longxi (Li Bai) are really the masters of the seven things, which are enough to be called Lian Bi". Ye Xie, a poet in A Qing, said in The Original Poem: "The quatrains of seven characters pushed Li Bai and Wang Changling from ancient times to modern times."
Li Qi (about 690-754) was born in Songyang (now Dengfeng, Henan) (according to Yao Dianzhong's Textual Research on Li Qi's Life and Poetry Achievements, Journal of Shanxi University, 1983, 1). Li Qi was a scholar in the 23rd year of Kaiyuan (735). Like many literati in the prosperous Tang Dynasty, he had a strong desire for fame and wealth and longed for a prosperous life: "If a person wants to gain a firm foothold, he must constantly strive for self-improvement and be closed for ten years." . The industry will succeed in seeing the wise master, and attack Zhong Ding's dining hall. On the 28 th, the moth eyebrows fell, and the wine was clear in the song room. ".(Slow Song) This poem describes a" daydream "of a handsome man at that time. However, Li Jie's official career is not satisfactory: "I have been an official for several years, but I never thought that a blackhead would become an old man" ("I want a new hometown to sign a contract with Cui Hao"). Disappointed with being an official, Li Jie quickly resigned and retired to the countryside.
Li Jie's personality is generous, Ren Xia and charming, and he has a long-term contact with social life. His frontier poems are vigorous, desolate and tragic, and his masterpiece is an ancient battle song:
Going up the mountain in bright daytime, we scan the sky for torches, drink horses and cross the river at dusk.
The dark wind blew bursts of sounds, like the pipa of a princess in the Han Dynasty, full of hidden grievances.
The clouds in the wilderness are not near the city wall at all, and the rain and snow cover the boundless desert.
The sorrowful Hu Yanyan flew through the air, and HUS soldiers were all in tears.
It is said that Yumenguan has blocked the road, so the soldiers can only follow the general around.
The bones of death are buried in the wilderness every year, and only grapes from the western regions are sent to the Han people.
This poem is an eulogy of the history of the Western Regions by Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, lamenting the wars in the border areas in the past dynasties and paying countless lives and property for a Momo transplant in Chang 'an! Commenting on this poem, Shen Deqian said: "It would be a great mistake to exchange human life for something other than the Great Wall! Hang a ring for the opening and pretend this poem. " ("Tang Poetry" Volume 5), the thought of poetry is very deep. This seven-character ancient poem is full of sound and rhyme, and its composition is regular. The desert scenery described in the poem is dim in color and depressed, which shows Li Jie's personal sad feelings.
Li Qi's other frontier poems are Gu Yi and Gu Xia Sai Qu, all of which are desolate and tragic.
Li Qi is proficient in melody, has a keen sense of music and can express it accurately. He has several poems about music, all of which are very successful. For example, "Listen to the hustle and bustle of Dongda University and send a message to the room":
Mr. Dong is ingenious, and ghosts and gods also come out to eavesdrop.
Very handy to slowly knead the fast dial, and the reciprocating gyration seems to contain emotions.
The voice of the mountain birds scattered and gathered, and the song was as dark and clear as Wan Yun.
Young people scream at night, just like Titan's mother cries.
Sichuan is a net wave, and the birds are singing silently.
It seems that Princess Wusun is far away from home, like Princess Xu Wencheng's feud.
The pipa is melodious and free, like a strong wind blowing wildly, and the rain falls on the tiles.
Waterfalls in the air, flying over the treetops, a wild deer is calling his companions. He runs between buildings. ...
"Dong Da" in the poem, namely Dong, was a famous pianist at that time. Hu Jiasheng, Hu Jia Nong, was translated into piano music according to Hu Jia tune, so Dongda played the piano instead of Hu Jia tune.