Xie lingyun
Hong Fei is potential and charming, which sounds far away.
Clouds are ashamed of Yunfu, and rivers are deep.
It is difficult to enter morality and wisdom, but it is difficult to return to the field.
Lu to the poor sea, lying to the empty forest.
I was lying on the pillow, ignorant of the season and climate, and I took a temporary peek.
Listen to the waves with your ears open, and look at the place with your eyes open.
At the beginning of the scene, the wind direction changed, and the new sun became old and cloudy.
Spring grass grows in the pond and garden willows become songbirds.
Qiqi hurts the song and feels the sound of Chu.
It is easier to live forever than to live alone.
Holding exercises is not unique to ancient times, and there is no sign of boredom today!
Xie Lingyun, as the son of the most luxurious aristocratic family in the Southern Dynasties, as the eldest grandson and heir to the title of Xie Xuan, a famous Eastern Jin Dynasty, was enlightened at an early age. When he grows up, he is arrogant and conceited, and naturally he has great political ambitions. After the death of Emperor Wu of Song Wudi, young scholars and unstable situation made him deeply involved in the whirlpool of power struggle. After Liu Yifu, the eldest son of Emperor Wu of Song, succeeded to the throne, Minister Xu Xianzhi and others took control of state affairs. Liu Yizhen, the second son of Emperor Wu of Song (King Luling), was very popular with his father in the past, and he envied the throne. He has a close relationship with Xie Lingyun and often tells people that if he is the emperor, he will use Xie Lingyun as prime minister. This situation can easily lead to the intensification of contradictions. Xie Lingyun, on the other hand, is entirely a poet's character. He is arrogant, frank and impetuous, and is not good at politics and tactics. He often criticized Xu Xianzhi and others, causing suspicion. Finally, in the third year of Longshan (422), he was expelled from Kyoto and moved to Yongjia County (now Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province), a remote county. This is the first time that Xie Lingyun has been hit hard politically. In the first winter after coming to Yongjia, he was ill for a long time, and he didn't begin to recover until the next spring (the first year of Jingping), so he went upstairs to see the scenery and wrote the famous article "Going upstairs on the pool" to express his anguish.
The whole poem is roughly divided into three layers, but they are closely connected. The first eight sentences are the first layer, mainly writing about the dissatisfaction after the frustration of officialdom and the contradictory situation at that time. In Wei, Jin and Southern Dynasties, the power struggle was fierce and the official career was sinister. Therefore, literati have ambition to make progress and live in seclusion, while poets are faced with the dilemma of neither. From the beginning of the poem, I wrote: "Qian Qiu" is a metaphor for the life of seclusion and self-appreciation, and "Hong Fei" is a metaphor for the realm of striving for fame; The following two sentences say that no matter the former or the latter, I am deeply ashamed that I can't do it myself. Among the four sentences, the third sentence follows the second sentence closely, and the fourth sentence is far from the first sentence, which is poetic and coherent. The above four sentences use metaphor to write their own dilemma, but why this happens is not clear, so the last four sentences realize the first four sentences. "Entering Germany" means making progress and doing good for the world, which corresponds to the sentence "Hong Fei". -But despite this ambition, it's not that smart. The actual meaning of this sentence is that honesty and frankness are honest and even framed by others. "Returning from the field" means returning to the countryside to be responsible for its own profits and losses, which corresponds to the sentence "diving". -But this wish is beyond my power. To thank the wealth, of course, there is no problem of "returning farmland to forests". The actual meaning of this sentence is that I have many intentions to retire, but I can't realize it because of the situation. Because at that time, if Xie Lingyun refused to go to his post and publicly expressed his opposition to those in power, it would probably lead to more trouble. Next, I further wrote that I came to this remote corner of the sea in despair. For a long time after winter, I was lying in a hospital bed, facing only bleak and desolate empty Woods. The whole poem goes from virtual to real, from far to near, and the atmosphere gradually drops to the lowest point.
Write down what you saw when you went upstairs in eight sentences from "pillow" below to the second floor. "Sleeping on a pillow, regardless of the season and climate" comes from the previous sentence "Lying in an empty forest". It was written that it was winter and spring when I was sick, which naturally led to "temporary landing" in the later period. "Temporary" means short time, which means being strong when you are sick. "Tilting one's ears" and "lifting one's eyes" describe the poet's extreme love for natural scenery. The knocking sound of pond water waves makes people feel deeply when they listen carefully; The remote mountains are rugged, which makes people feel relaxed and happy from a distance. What kind of scenery is in front of you? The "first act" is the sunshine of the New Year, which is getting rid of the "emotional wind" that is, the residual wind in winter, and the "new yang" that is, spring has replaced the "old yin" that is, the rules of winter. "The First Scene" and "Xinyang" write the overall feeling, which is a virtual pen. The following two sentences, "pond" and "garden willow", are detailed descriptions in close-ups. "Spring grass grows in the pond, and willow turns into a songbird" is one of Xie Shi's most famous poems, which attracted many people's appreciation and even led to some mysterious legends. Zhong Peishi quoted Xie's Family Records as saying: "(Xie Lingyun attacked Jue Gong) Every pair of Huilian (Xie Huilian, brother of Lingyun) has a good word. Later, in Xitang, Yongjia, I was thinking about poetry, but suddenly I saw Huilian during my nap and became' Spring Grass in the Pool'. Therefore, I tasted the cloud:' This language is helpful, not my language'. " Regardless of the truth of the story, this couplet seems to be quite famous. However, it has also been suggested that these two sentences are really common, so what is there to boast about? How to treat it can be analyzed a little.
It seems that this couplet (especially the previous sentence) is really ordinary, with no tempering power, and the scenery written is nothing special. However, it should be noted that it well shows the characteristics of early spring and the poet's mood at that time. The grass around the pond (especially in the sunny places) recovered early and grew fast because of the moisture of the pool water and the cold wind blocking the hillside, and the green was particularly fresh and tender and thriving. But it is so common that most people don't notice it. At the beginning of Xie Lingyun's long illness, this ordinary scenery suddenly touched him and made him feel the vitality of everything in spring, so naturally he had this fresh sentence. "The willow in the garden has become a songbird", which means that the newly migrated birds are singing on the willow branches, which is also a subtle change. The two poems show the poet's keen feeling and the oscillation of melancholy mood in the rhythm of spring. Moreover, in the early Song Dynasty, represented by Xie Lingyun himself, there was an atmosphere of pursuing good sentences. Usually, good sentences were obtained by repeated carving and ingenious craftsmanship. In such an atmosphere, this natural, vivid and charming poem is outstanding. In short, judging from the specific literary environment and specific poems, "Spring grass grows in the pond, and the willow blossoms are bright in another village" is indeed a good sentence, and it is meaningless to comment alone. Judging from the whole poem, writing here, my mood gradually turned into a warm tone of joy and joy.
The last six sentences are the third floor. The first two sentences think of ancient poems describing spring scenery, from climbing stairs to watching Spring Festival couplets, expressing feelings with allusions, and turning emotions into sadness. The "typhoid fever song" in Qi Qi's typhoid fever song refers to the book of songs in July, in which there are some sentences describing spring scenery, such as "picking Qi Qi". Why do you want to "hurt the song" Facts have proved that according to the traditional explanations such as Preface to Shi Mao and Poems, July was written by Duke Zhou when he was subjected to gossip and left home to avoid it. Xie Lingyun used this metaphorical allusion. The "Chu Yin" in "The Sense of Chu Yin" refers to the chapter "Chu Ci Zhao Hermit", which contains the sentence "Spring grass grows and grows". The so-called "feeling secluded" means feeling the life of a hermit. These two sentences returned to the first floor, but they were not simply repeated, but were intended to get rid of the embarrassing situation and decided to take the road of seclusion. Then, write two sentences about "seclusion" and "seclusion", which means that seclusion makes people feel that years are long, boring and difficult to feel at ease. Poetically speaking, these two sentences refer to the thoughts of ordinary people, not themselves. But in latent psychology, this rejected idea also vaguely revealed some doubts of his own. Xie Lingyun, who was born in Huaying, is valued by the world and arrogant. It is not easy for him to live in seclusion. But no matter how lucky, he has made up his mind to retire. There are two sentences at the end of the poem: "Is it unique to hold an exercise? Today is not boring at all! " "No annoyance" comes from the Book of Changes, which means that a man of great virtue has no worries about avoiding the world. The meaning of these two sentences is: observing moral integrity is not only possible for the ancients, but also the so-called "isolation" of Zhouyi can be tested for today! In this way, the artistic conception of the poem will be freed from the dilemma, and the whole article will end in a high-pitched tone. About half a year later, Xie Lingyun finally resigned and retired to his ancestral home in sharping.
This poem focuses on climbing the pool and going upstairs, expressing various complicated emotions. There is narcissism, political frustration, uncontrollable depression, resentment against political opponents, and interest in seclusion ... Although the language is obscure, it does show the process of inner activities. The description of scenery in the poem is closely combined with lyric, which becomes the hub of emotional change in the poem. The description of scenery also reflects the poet's love and sensitivity to nature, which is the condition for his creation of landscape poetry school. However, the language is too abstruse, the sentence pattern lacks change, and some repetitions are caused by confrontation, which is also a significant weakness. All these need the development of poetry to correct.
In the first six sentences, I lifted my spirits and wrote my own ambivalence of being frustrated and in a dilemma in officialdom. "Preference" describes his forced arrival in Yongjia and his early illness, which plays a bridge role in the structure of the poem. It not only gives people a clear concept of time and place, but also connects their mood with the scenery outside. The following eight sentences "people on the pillow" describe the early spring scenery when you go upstairs: from the beginning of a long illness, you go upstairs happily, open the curtains, listen to the faint sound of the waves, overlook the lush mountains, vividly, all the love is sunny, and nothing is left in the cold winter. Spring grass in the pond, swaying willows, new green clothes on the earth, and cheerful songs and dances. Under "Qi Qi", I feel homesick for time, and I am inspired by the artistic conception of The Book of Songs and Songs of the South. I think like a spring, exquisite. I am inspired by the scenery and reasonable by my feelings. Finally, he said that he would learn from ancient hermits and talk to them to relieve his depression.
Later generations praised the couplets in the poem "Spring grass grows in the pond". Li Bai said: "The dream of' Spring grass grows in the pond' made me pay a long price for the poem" Climbing the stairs "." Why do people appreciate these two poems so much? Yuan Yishan put it well in "Thirty Poems": "Tang Cao Xie Jiachun, five words are new through the ages. It's pathetic to send a message behind closed doors. "The word Chen Zhengzi is Chen Shidao, and the word is always true, without me, nicknamed the lay man in the back. The last famous poet. It is said that he likes to "look for sentences behind closed doors" when writing poems. Yuan Yishan means that the source of poetry creation comes from life, and you can't write good poems in one room. This is the reason why Spring Grass Grows in the Pond is good.