Ming Dynasty: Yuan Hongdao
The weather in Beijing is very cold. After Hua's birthday, the winter is still very cold. The cold wind often blows, a piece of flying sand. I want to go out in a room as if I were at home. Every time the wind runs, it is the return of the pot.
On the 22nd, it was quiet, and some friends went straight to the east of Manjing. The sorghum is lifted, and the soil paste is slightly moist. At first glance, it is empty and wide, if you take off the cage. As a result, the ice skin began to melt, the waves suddenly became clear, the scales and waves were layered and crystal clear, and the crystal was as new as a mirror, but suddenly cold light came out of the box. The mountains are washed by fine snow, beautiful as a test, as bright as the face of a beautiful girl, as bright as the beginning of a bun. Wicker will stretch, but not yet. Soft buds are scattered in the wind, and wheat seedlings come out of the ground. They are short, like fur on an animal's neck, only about an inch. Although there are not many tourists, donkeys who drink spring tea, sing with wine glasses and wear donkeys can also be seen from time to time. Although the wind is still strong, walking is sweaty. Every bird exposed on the beach sipped under the scales of the waves, carefree, and there was joy between the scales of its feathers. I know there is no spring in the country, but people who live in the city don't know.
Only this official can swim between rocks and vegetation without getting into trouble. And this place is suitable for Yu, Yu's journey starts from scratch, and evil can be undisciplined? Ming dynasty, February 27th, February.
2. Travel Notes of Huangshan Mountain
Qing Dynasty: Qian Qian B.
Strange mountains, springs, clouds and pines [1]. The wonder of water, Mo Chi is in Bailongtan; The miracle of spring, Mocky is in Tangquan, all in the foothills. Taoyuan Stream flows into Tangquan, Milk Source, Baiyun Stream into Taohua Stream and Twenty-four Stream, all of which flow into the foothills. In the mountain sky, the water fills its belly, and the whipping of water is under its belly, so there is a spring under the mountain, but there is no spring on the mountain.
When the mountain is very high, there will be thunderstorms. When the clouds come out and go home, they are all in the waist. Every time I see the peaks and clouds in the sky, I can't go to their graves. For a long time, the clouds cover it, and the peak is outside the clouds. The overwhelming clouds, like the sea, suddenly broke free, like the death of a rabbit. The mountain is higher than the cloud, the sky is wide, and the cloud has no attachment.
Above the Tang Temple, the mountains are all straight and famous, with cypress, cypress, cypress, nan, rattan, sand quilt and so on, and the shade is beautiful. There are many different cliffs on the old man's peak, and the negative stone will never come out. In the past, there was no tree that was not loose, and there was nothing strange: there were roots as big as a shin, roots bent into acres, roots that only searched for feet, branches that sparsely covered the roadside, some that fell down the cliff, some that collapsed like a side through redundant seams, some that were as narrow as feathers, some that were as straight as dragons, some that lay up, and some that lay down again. On the left side of the Wenshuyuan, behind the ladder, the mountain shape is very relaxed, leaning back and pitching with people, which is particularly strange. At the beginning of the north cliff of Xinfeng, a pine tree was covered by the south cliff, and its branches were supported in degrees, commonly known as grafting pine. Its western boulder stands upright, and a pine tree is three feet high and one acre wide. It bends and supports the cliff and goes through the top. Stones split from the middle and tangled together, called disturbing longsong. Stalagmite workers and alchemists protrude from the top of the mountain, without support and fat. One stone and one loose, like the first one, like the hood, staggered into the clouds, and the distance was like a glimpse, strange and mysterious, so that you could not say anything. Loose soil, stone is soil, its body is skin, and dry stone is also. Raising sex, killing frost and snow, and striving for the vitality of the bridge, the armor is too ancient, and it is also a genus of gold paste water, green medicine and Cao Ling, which is also extraordinary. Isn't it rude to use it as a basin and play near it?
Climbing the stairs to the east, the long pine thunders, which span dozens of feet, are row upon row of anger. People who pass by cherish it. Xiao Yu said: "The creator reversed the play and made it have a history of more than one hundred years. I don't know how to make it a wonder. Wu people sell flowers, pick old plum branches and bend their backs, and make an appointment to offer spring as a bottle of flowers to praise each other. It is loose and a branch of creation. " A thousand years later, someone will laugh at me.
3. Night tour of Chengtian Temple
Northern Song Dynasty: Su Shi
Genpox, on the night of October 12, 2006, took off his clothes and went to bed. He just saw the moonlight on the door and got up happily for a walk. Thinking that there was no one to play with, I went to the Tianhou Palace to find Zhang Huaimin. People didn't sleep, so we walked in the yard together. The courtyard is as empty as water, and the algae and grass in the water are intertwined and covered with bamboo and cypress. What night is there no moonlight? Where is there no bamboo and cypress? It's just the lack of free people like us.
4. "Looking at the Lake Pavilion Snow"
Ming Dynasty: Zhang Dai
In December in Chongzhen, I lived by the West Lake. It snowed for many days, and the noise of pedestrians and birds in the lake disappeared. At about eight o'clock this evening, I took a boat, wore a fur coat and took a stove to see the snow in the middle of the lake. Ice flowers are all over the sky, the sky is bright and watery, and the sky is pure white. The shadow of the lake, only a trace of a long beach, a little outline of the lake, and my boat, two or three boat people on board. (Left: Mao Yu)
In the pavilion in the middle of the lake, I saw two people laying blankets and a child cooking a wine stove. Seeing it, I was overjoyed and said, "There is no such person in the lake!" " Pull me together and drink with me. I tried to drink three glasses of wine and then said goodbye to them. Ask them what their surnames are. They are from Nanjing and are guests in this place. While waiting for the boat, the boatman murmured, "Stop talking about your Excellency, you idiot, and people like you are crazy!" " ! "
5. Koishiyama
Tang Dynasty: Liu Zongyuan
From Xishan Road to the north, after crossing Huangmaoling, there are two roads: one goes west and finds nothing; One is less in the north and east, but 40 feet, the soil is broken and Sichuan is divided, and there are accumulated stones across its vastness. Above it, it is the shape of a beam; Next to the castle pier, if there is a door, you can see that it is black, throwing pebbles, and there is water in the hole, which has been ringing for a long time. The ring can be seen far up. Without soil, a good tree and a beautiful arrow were born, strange and powerful. Its sparse number is suppressed, which is also determined by the wise.
Hey! I have doubted the existence of the creator for a long time, and the more I think it is sincere. It's strange that it's not Zhongzhou, but Yidi, who won't sell it for a thousand years. It's useless. It's useless. If it is not suitable for the gods, it will be fruitless. Or: "to comfort your husband, to be ashamed of this person." Or: "Qi Qi is not a great man, but a unique thing, so there are fewer people and more stones in southern Chu." Both. I don't believe it.
2. Looking for the center of 50 ancient prose .. 1, the story of Xiaoshitang, the center of Liu Zongyuan's "Liuhe Dongji" in the Tang Dynasty: This article expresses the sad thoughts that the author can't let go after being relegated.
2. The story of the center of the nuclear ship in "A New Story of Yuchu" (edited) in the late Ming Dynasty: This is an expository article. Through the introduction of the image, theme and structure of the nuclear ship, it shows the sculptor's exquisite skills and ingenious ideas, and sincerely praises the superb skills of folk micro-carvers. 3. Borrowing Books by Huang Sheng Qingyuan Mei Xiao Cang Shan Fang Ji Center: The author commented on Huang Sheng's borrowing books and put forward the view that "books cannot be read unless borrowed", encouraging young people to create conditions for themselves and study hard.
4. The "Snake Catcher" Center in Liu Zongyuan's The Story of Liu Hedong in the Tang Dynasty: Through the description of three generations of Jiang family who would rather die to catch snakes than suffer from tyranny and extortion, the cruelty of feudal society is deeply exposed and the author's sympathy for the sufferings of working people is reflected. 5. Tao Yuanming's Peach Blossom Center in Tao Yuanming's Collection of Eastern Jin Dynasty: It creates a beautiful paradise, reflects the people's desire to hate war and pursue a peaceful life, and shows the author's dissatisfaction with the real society associated with the political darkness and war disaster in the late Eastern Jin Dynasty and his vision for an ideal society.
6. Debate on Cao Gui in the Spring and Autumn Period, the center of Zuo Zhuan, a chronicle of Zuo Qiuming: Only by winning the trust of the people and being good at grasping fighters can we win the war. 7. The center of Zhuge Liang's gathering in the Three Kingdoms period: (1) After persuasion, he mainly inherited the legacy of the first emperor, opened his mind, strictly rewarded and punished, and loved the sages far away to complete the great cause of revitalizing the Han Dynasty; ⑵ Expressed Zhuge Liang's sincere feelings of repaying the kindness of the first emperor and his determination to settle in the Central Plains.
8. "Climbing Mount Tai" Qing Yao is the center of "Xi Baoxuan Poetry Collection": It describes the author's experience of climbing Mount Tai with friends to watch the sunrise on New Year's Eve under bad weather conditions; It depicts the magnificent scene on the top of Mount Tai (the magnificent scene of Chu Qing after snow and the spectacular scene of sunrise); Expressed the author's thoughts and feelings of loving the motherland. 9. Center of Zhu Yuanji in Song, Zhou and Dunyi: The full text expresses the ambition with things and the metaphor with lotus. Through the description and praise of lotus flowers, the virtue of a gentleman's "getting out of the mud without dyeing" is praised, and the author's noble character of not drifting with the flow and his disdain and disgust for the world of fame and profit are expressed.
10, The Humble Room Inscription Liu Tang Yuxi Quantang Literature Center: The full text is lyrical and vivid. Through the description and praise of the humble room, it expresses the author's thoughts and feelings of being willing to humble room and being poor and happy, and shows the noble integrity of not being greedy for wealth and not colluding with the secular. 165438+
12, "Bian Que Meets Cai Huangong" During the Warring States Period, Han Fei's "Han Fei Yu Zi Lao" Center elaborated the truth that "avoiding illness and avoiding medical treatment will lead to disaster". Revelation: Treat your shortcomings and mistakes like a disease. Don't be afraid of doctors, accept criticism with an open mind and nip in the bud.
13, "On young chinese" The central argument of Liang Qichao's "Drinking Ice Room Collection" in modern times: "I have a young chinese in my mind." Center: The full text makes a sharp contrast between feudal ancient China and ideal young China (1), and enthusiastically praises the young people's spirit of being brave in reform and innovation; (2) Criticizing negative conservatism and conformism; (3) Encourage people to work hard and create a bright future for China; (4) It shows that the author longs for the prosperity of the motherland and is full of hope for the future of China.
14, Gong Yu Yishan, Lieyukou, Warring States Center, Tang Wen: This article is an allegory. Through the success of Gong Yu's mountain, it embodies the great boldness of vision and strong perseverance of the ancient working people in China to transform nature. Revelation: To do anything, you must be like Gong Yu. You must have lofty goals and down-to-earth efforts to succeed.
15, "Two Children Arguing about the Sun" Warring States Liezi Tang Wen Center: tells the story of two children arguing about when the sun is close to people and when it is far away from people, and the sage Confucius can't answer it, which embodies the spirit of working people in ancient China to explore and boldly question natural phenomena. Revelation: Seeking truth requires the spirit of bold questioning and independent thinking.
The universe is infinite, knowledge is boundless, and learning is endless. In the process of seeking knowledge, anyone should keep forging ahead, seek truth from facts and not be complacent.
Understanding of things often leads to different conclusions due to different standards and methods. 16, "Zhou Yafu's Military Delicate Willow" Sima Qian's Historical Records Biographies of the Western Han Dynasty China's first classic general history literature center: it records the process of Wendi's arrival at Bashang, Ximen and Delicate Willow, and praises Zhou Yafu's loyalty to his duties and strict management of the army (neat military appearance, strict military discipline and strict military salute).
At the same time, it also wrote the profound understanding and righteousness of Emperor Wen of Han Dynasty. 17, "Stomatology" Lin Qing's Fourth Ring "Preface to Autumn Poetry" (Super Editor-in-Chief) Center: The full text is a wonderful and realistic ventriloquism performance.
Through vivid description, the author recorded the superb skills of the performers, and showed the exquisiteness of ancient folk art in China. 18, Tang Drama Live Up to its Mission, and Liu Xiang, the center of national history in Warring States Policy, attempted to annex Anling by deception.
So Anlingjun sent Tang Ju to the State of Qin to launch a diplomatic struggle with the King of Qin, and finally accomplished his mission brilliantly. Do not disgrace the mission, that is, complete the mission; Humiliation, humiliation, disappointment.
19, the story of Yueyang Tower Song Fan Zhongyan's "Fan Wenzheng Public Gathering Center": Through the description of the scenery, it describes the "happy or sad mood" of "moving passengers" when they climb the building; Through discussion, the author expresses his political ambition and attitude towards life, that is, "worry about the world first, and enjoy the world later". This is self-encouragement and mutual encouragement with my friend Teng Zijing.
20, "Selling Oil Weng" Song Ouyang Xiu "Ouyang Wenzhong Returning to the Field Collection" Center: This article is a philosophical prose. Through the sketch of Chen Yaozi's archery and the detailed description of two things, it is vividly explained that "practice makes perfect" and "practice makes perfect"
3. The translation of the central sentence of classical Chinese and the book with Zhu in the first and second volumes of Grade 8 is clean, and Tianshan Mountain is * * *.
Floating from the stream, anything. From Fuyang to Tonglu, it is unparalleled in the world.
All the water is light green (π mo) and reaches the bottom. You can swim with the fine stones and look directly at them.
Turbulence (tuān) is an arrow, if the fierce wave rushes. Sandwiched between (jiā) mountains, cold trees are born, and negative potentials compete with each other (xuān) and (Mi m Ⅳ o), striving for high points and pointing to Wanfeng.
Spring rock, ling ling; Good birds can sing and sing. Cicada (chán) is infinite, and ape is infinite.
The kite (yuān) flies to the sky (Li), and the peak is relieved; He who is in charge of the affairs of the world will look into the valley and forget the rebellion. The horizontal branch (kē) covers, and the sun is still faint (week); Sparse strips cross each other, sometimes see (jiàn) days.
The wind and smoke are gone, and the sky and the distant mountains are the same color. (a) go with the flow by boat, go with the flow.
From Fuyang county to Tonglu county, it is about a hundred miles apart, which is unparalleled in the world. The river is turquoise, and the deep river is crystal clear.
Swimming fish and tiny stones have been looking down without hindrance. The swift current is faster than an arrow, and the fierce waves are like galloping horses.
Chilling trees grow on the high mountains on both sides of Jiajiang River [1]; Mountains compete for the upward direction according to the steep mountain situation, and these mountains compete with each other to extend to high places and far away; The mountains compete to be tall and straight, forming countless peaks. The spring beat against the rocks and made a clear sound.
Just like beautiful birds singing in harmony with each other, singing in harmony. Cicadas have been chirping for a long time, while apes have been chirping for a long time.
Those who strive for fame and fortune will see the peak and calm their hearts that are keen on fame and fortune. People in charge of government affairs will linger when they see (these beautiful) valleys Oblique branches cover it, even during the day, it is as dark as dusk; Sparse branches cover each other, and sometimes you can see the sun.
Biography of Mr. May 6th: I don't know who Mr.five is or what his last name is. There are five willows near the house because they think they are numbered.
Quiet, quiet, don't be greedy. Good reading, not asking for a solution; Every time I understand, I'm glad that Teacher May 6th passed on calligraphy [1] and forgot to eat.
Alcoholic, poor family is often not available. Know from the old, or buy wine to recruit.
Make a glass of wine (zhé) and you will get drunk in the future; Since I retired drunk, I have not hesitated to stay. The ring is naked, the wind does not cover it, the short brown (shü hè) [2] is knotted, and the ladle (dān) is empty again and again.
I often amuse myself by writing articles, which quite (p not) shows my ambition. Regardless of gains and losses, die because of it.
[3] Zan: Qian Lou's wife has a saying: "Don't care about poverty (Qρ), don't care about wealth (jí)." Is his words true? Titles (xián) and (shāng) Write poems for pleasure, and people who don't care about their families? GM Shi Tian's people? Mr. Wu Liu doesn't know where he comes from, nor his name and inscription.
Because there are five willows beside the house, I made my own number with them. He is quiet, seldom talks, and does not envy wealth.
I like reading, but I don't work too hard on words. Whenever I understand the meaning of the book, I forget to eat with joy. He is addicted to alcohol, his family is poor, and he often has no alcohol to drink.
Relatives and friends all know about him and sometimes invite him to drink. As soon as he comes, he will drink to his heart's content. I hope he will get drunk.
As long as you are drunk, go home. You never want to leave. You just have to leave. The shabby room is deserted and can't cover the wind and sunshine.
There are many patches on the coarse jacket, and the rice basket and ladle are often empty, but he is calm. I often write articles to amuse myself, and I also reveal my interests little by little from the articles.
He forgot the worldly gains and losses and lived his own life like this. Zan: Qian Lou's wife once said: "I am not worried about poverty, and I am not keen on getting rich and being an official."
This is probably Mr. Wu Liu, right? Singing poetry while drinking, I feel extremely happy for my firm ambition. Without Wise, he might be a civilian? Or one of Ge Shitian's men? [4] Ma said: Where there is Bole, there is a swift horse.
A thousand miles away, there are not many boles. Therefore, although there is a famous horse, Zhi (some textbooks and books are only used [1]) was humiLiated by slaves, and pián died in the trough (cáo) and (li), which is not called a thousand miles.
A horse travels a thousand miles, one bite (shí) and one stone (dàn). Horse eaters don't know that they can eat thousands of miles.
This is a horse. Although you can travel thousands of miles, you can't eat enough, so beauty (xiàn) can't compete with a regular horse (yD). Why not ask it to travel thousands of miles? If you don't follow its path, you can't make full use of your food, but you can't understand its meaning. If you stick to your strategy, you will face it and say, "There are no horses!" " Oh! Is there really no horse evil? I really don't understand horses! (Selected from Han Yutang's Miscellaneous Notes of Mr. Changli) or (Selected Works of Han Yu) Only when there is Bole in the world can there be a swift horse. There are often swift horses, but Bole is not often.
So even if there are expensive horses, they can only be humiliated by servants and die in the stable like ordinary horses. They can't be called swift horses. A horse that travels thousands of miles a day sometimes eats a stone of grain at a meal.
The person who feeds the horse doesn't know how to feed it according to its ability to travel thousands of miles a day. Although such a horse has the ability to travel thousands of miles a day, it lacks appetite and physical strength, and its talent and good quality cannot be shown. If it can't reach it like an ordinary horse, how can it be required to travel thousands of miles a day? If you don't drive a swift horse in the same way as you drive a swift horse, you can't (feed) it so that its talents can be displayed. It's called, but you can't understand its meaning.
Holding a whip, he walked up to the swift horse and said, "There is no swift horse in the world!" " Alas! Is there really no maxima? I'm afraid I really don't know Maxima! [1] Preface to Send to Dongyang: For teenagers to learn. Because my family is poor, I can't get books to read. I often borrow money from the library, copy it myself, and send it back on the appointed day.
The weather is cold, the inkstone (face) is hard, the fingers can't bend and stretch, and the Buddha (fú) is lazy (dài). Send it away after recording, and dare not exceed the appointment.
So most people will lend me books so that I can read all kinds of books. Since the crown has been added, it is conducive to the worship of saints.
4. The central idea and main content of several classical Chinese works "Ma Shuo": It is a fable, saying that a swift horse can't meet Bole, and it is a metaphor that a talented person can't meet a wise master, expressing the author's accusation and satire on the dark society.
The story of Little Stone Pond expresses the author's loneliness and sadness in a deep and cold environment.
The author of Yueyang Tower took this opportunity to write it down, implicitly and euphemistically advised Teng to be ambitious, and also expressed his broad mind.
Zuiwengting Ji expresses the author's noble interest in having fun with the people.
Man Jing's Travels expresses the author's yearning for freedom and his good wish to continue traveling after work through his early travels in Beijing.
I'm so tired ~ I'm typing word by word. We just finished learning these things this semester.
I hope I can help you!
5. Classical Chinese sentence patterns in Man Jing's travel notes and special sentence patterns in Man Jing's travel notes.
(1) inversion sentence:
(1) Cold light unpacks the box first. After the object is placed, "Yu Xia" is an adverbial, and "except" means "Yu Xia except".
Cold light suddenly flashed out of the mirror box.
(2) Between rocks and vegetation.
After the object is placed, "between rocks and plants" is an adverbial of "nudity", and the normal word order should be "between rocks and plants".
Between rocks and vegetation.
(3) and the city people don't know. The preposition object "Zhi" is a pronoun, which refers to "Yuan Chun" outside the above-mentioned suburban fields, and is the object of "Zhi". In negative sentences, the pronoun "zhi" is the object, and the object is often placed before the verb, forming a prepositional object sentence. The normal word order should be unknown.
People living in the city don't know this.
(2) Ellipsis:
(1) On the 22nd, it was a little peaceful. I left Dongzhimen with some friends and arrived in Manjing. (omit the subject "I", that is, go to the East with some friends. )
On the 22nd, when the weather was slightly warmer, some friends and I left Dongzhimen and arrived in Man Jing.
(2) Soft-pointed cloak. (Omitting the preposition "Yu" after the verb should be "soft-pointed cloak", and "Yufeng" is an adverbial of "Bei", which also constitutes an adverbial postposition. )
Soft willows scattered in the wind.
(3) Judgment:
Husband can't swim and get into trouble, but between rocks and vegetation, this official is also. ("... who, ... also", a sign of judging sentence patterns. )
I'm afraid I'm the only one who can linger among mountains, rivers and plants because of playing.
6. Extract wonderful transitional sentences about the central transitional section of travel notes.
1. History is a long river, which has swept all the people and romantic figures through the ages. You and I might as well get on a boat, trace back to the eventfulness and strangeness of those thousands of years, and experience the legendary life of those great men.
2. All the people who achieved great things in ancient and modern times, at home and abroad, built a harmonious garden on the Gobi Desert.
3. Successful people throughout the ages were originally unknown or even devastated, but they didn't complain, and finally achieved their own light through hard work.
4. Throughout ancient and modern times, at home and abroad, how many celebrities have written songs of unity in the long river of life!
5. I doubt it. Now, from a historical perspective, can I believe it?
6. Open the Who's Who with twinkling stars. In the vast sea of stars, several stars are explaining this to us.
7. Open the autobiography of a famous historical figure. Which successful person hasn't worked hard for his ideal?
8. Throughout ancient and modern times, at home and abroad, how many celebrities have written songs of unity in the long river of life!
9. So, I embarked on the road of exploration and cooperation?
10, open the long scroll of history, what am I looking for?
Entering the long river of history, we can find that countless successful people have this indispensable spirit.
12, the evening breeze blows gently, following the hazy ancient meaning, opening the title page of history and wandering in the long river of history.
13, strolling on the beach of history, picking up successful shells with "win-win" written on them.
14, so I sincerely looked at the yellowed pages and followed the footsteps of my ancestors. The breath of the sages between the lines is still hot, and I close my eyes and feel the little wisdom they left behind.
Throughout the long corridor of history, countless people have succeeded only after exercising in the painful wind and rain.
16, unveiling the mystery of history, folding up the barrier of the journey and reading a life full of tears and laughter are all a life of suffering and tempering.
7. Seek the central ideas and sentences of Man Jing's travel notes. This travel note describes the weather in the early spring in the north, which can not only convey the god of mountains and rivers, but also be filled with the author's carefree and yearning feelings everywhere. The author starts with the story that spring can't be seen in the city, and then writes about exploring spring in the suburbs, writing the attractive scenery of early spring in the suburbs layer by layer.
Finally, it boils down to this sentence: "I know there is no spring in the suburbs, but people in the city don't know." The initial response was cramped, and there was a great difference between bitterness and joy, which showed the author's natural and unrestrained feelings of refusing the noisy urban life and trusting the mountains and rivers. This free and easy feeling permeates the whole scenery writing, which makes the words have fresh and quiet pastoral rhythm. Simple sketches and appropriate metaphors add a lot of poetry to the article.