The content of Zuo Si's poem "Ode to History" is mainly the inner peace of the literati and their contempt and resistance to the ruling gentry at that time. Zuo Sisheng's Western Jin Dynasty, after the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, reappeared the influence of the gentry. Cao Pi, Emperor Wen of Wei, established a nine-level system of Zhong Zheng, because Zhong Zheng was in the hands of the gentry, thus forming a "top-class family without poverty, inferior family without potential" (Book of Jin? The present situation of Liu Yichuan. It is difficult for a humble civilian scholar to enter the political center. Zuo Si is very poor. Although his sister was chosen as the princess of the palace, she had to move to Kyoto and was appointed as Lang's secretary, but she was not reused. His ambition is hard to pay, and he expresses his feelings with history. He wrote eight groups of poems in Ode to History.
Now let's enjoy the second song of Ode to History.
The bottom of the gloomy ravine is loose, leaving seedlings on the mountain, one inch in diameter, one stem, and the hundred feet are overcast. The tweezers in the world are tall and handsome. Because of the terrain, the origin is not once. Zhang Jin was born in the old Shang Dynasty, a seven-leaf marten. Feng Gong is not Wei, and Bai Shou does not move.
The poem "tweezers are high in the world, handsome men are low" reveals the social irrationality of "there is no poverty in the upper class and no strength in the lower class" The poet deeply criticized the "gate valve system" that caused this kind of social irrationality and expressed dissatisfaction, disgust and helplessness. He Chao of A Qing Dynasty commented: "Zuo Taichong's ode to history is gloomy, and his plan is very good, but his job is difficult. It is unfair to ask the previous generation to sing. "("Yimen Reading Secretary ") It is pertinent to comment on the theme of this poem with this sentence.
The whole poem 12 sentences, each sentence has one layer and * * * is divided into three layers.
The first four sentences of the poem further reveal that the reason for this unreasonable natural phenomenon is the difference of growth terrain by describing the unreasonable phenomenon that dense pine trees grow at the bottom of ravines and languid saplings grow at the top of mountains in nature.
The first two poems, "Loose at the bottom of the shady ravine, leaving seedlings on the mountain", are descriptions of unreasonable phenomena in nature. The appearance of "melancholy" is dense and lush. "Pine at the bottom of a ravine" refers to a pine tree growing at the bottom of a ravine, which is a metaphor for a poor scholar with high talent. "Divorced", listless and depressed. "Mountain seedling" refers to a small sapling growing on the top of the mountain, which is a metaphor for a gentry with high talent and low status. In the poem, the locative words "Xia" and "Shang" are skillfully used, which constitutes the contrast between the growth terrain of pine trees and saplings, so as to compare the disparity between the lowly gifted scholars and the highly gifted gentry in society. The contrast between the modifier "melancholy" and "separation" sets the tone for the poet's praise and criticism. Emotional expression is hidden, irony is implicit.
The third and fourth sentences of the poem "Take an inch as the stem, and the shade is a hundred feet" reveal the reasons for the unreasonable phenomena in nature described in the first two sentences. "there", that is, "seedlings on the mountain" and "stems with a diameter of one inch", which are stems with a diameter of one inch. "diameter", straight. "Yin", cover. "This", this, stands for "Jane Dixon". "White feet", white feet grow branches. Peel the branches. The general idea is that the small saplings growing on the top of the mountain actually blocked the big pine trees growing at the bottom of the ravine with their branches one inch in diameter. Because of the different growing terrain, the demand for big pine trees was taken away by small saplings.
The first four poems, on the surface, describe natural phenomena, but in essence, poets use them to compare unreasonable phenomena in the world and hint at specific social content. The contrast between high and low, high and low is implicit and vivid. Emotional expression is hidden but not presented, accumulating strength for the following surging emotional catharsis. When readers read this for the first time, they will also have doubts: what will happen to human society now that nature is like this?
The second level includes the fifth to eighth sentences of the poem. The poet is too natural in structure, and introduces the unreasonable phenomena in nature described in the first layer into the unreasonable phenomena in human society, further revealing the reasons for the unreasonable phenomena in this society.
The fifth and sixth sentences of the poem, "Jun Gao in the world, are descriptions of unreasonable phenomena in human society." "Zhoushi" is an aristocratic family. "Yi", descendants. Handsome and talented. "Sink into the present position" and sink into a humble official position. Sink, sink, sink. "Xialiao", a small official with a position. "Liao", officer. These two poems point out that the descendants of famous families have high status and no merit, while the humble literati with talent, ability and strong revenge have low status. The contrast between "worldly wealth" and "handsome", "climbing up" and "sinking down" reveals that there are also unreasonable phenomena similar to nature in human society. These two poems echo the first two sentences in content.
The seventh and eighth sentences in the poem, "The terrain makes it natural, and the origin is not once", reveal the causes of unreasonable phenomena in human society. "Origin" refers to a long history. "Once", once a generation; Once and for all. I think it is longer to accumulate history by dynasty or by day, so it is more appropriate to use the latter to interpret it. These two poems tell the reason of social irrationality, not the disparity of talent and ability, but the level of social status. And it has a long history, not overnight. From the hidden to the present, such as flash floods, the poet expressed his thoughts directly, and profoundly criticized the "gate system" for hindering the cause of the humble, destroying, suppressing and persecuting talents. On the one hand, it expresses the poet's dissatisfaction and hatred for this system. On the other hand, it also shows that the gate valve system has a long history and is deeply rooted. The poet realized that the system could not be overthrown by personal ability, thus conveying a sense of helplessness and melancholy. The combination of the poet's sensibility and rational emotion not only shows his sober understanding of the current social situation at that time, but also points out the lament of a generation of poor people about the lack of life future and the limitation of ideological understanding. Modern Wu Diaogong commented: "If one of the first two sentences is still coldly observed, then these two sentences become' terrain' and' origin' to reveal, which shows the poet's grief and indignation and shouting loudly." (Collection of Poetry Appreciation in Han, Wei and Six Dynasties). The poet expressed his personal experience of being born in poverty and not being reused, and also shouted out the voices of the local poor at that time. The incisive emotional catharsis is deeply rooted in the hearts of the people, singing a song for the poor and setting up a banner against the gate valve system. These two poems have had a far-reaching influence on later generations of literati, and they have become timeless excellent sentences, which constitute the core poems of the poem. In terms of structure and content, it not only echoes the fifth and fourth sentences, but also leads to the content of the next poem.
The ninth and tenth songs are "Zhang Jin is from the old Shang Dynasty, and the seven leaves are Han mink." "Zhang Jin" in the book refers to Wei (peacekeeping) and Zhang Tang in the Han Dynasty. According to historical records, Jin and Zhang were courtiers of the seven dynasties from the time of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty to the time when Wang Mang usurped the Han Dynasty. Ban Gu Han Shu? Jin Ri Lu Zan: "The land of Yidi, the hometown of Hanting. How prosperous it is to stay in Qiye. Seven-leaf word Wu Yiping. " Han Shu again? Zhang Tang praised him: "Later generations of Zhang have announced Yuan's arrival, and there are more than ten waiters among them. After the hero, only Jin and Zhang are your favorites, compared with foreign relatives. " These two materials fully illustrate the inheritance and high power of Zhang Jin's family in status. Seven leaves, seven lives. "Uh", insert. "Mink" refers to the mink tail, which was inserted in the palace of the Han Dynasty. In these two poems, the poet criticized the descendants of He Zhang Tang, who relied on their predecessors' career, but didn't get the reward of seven generations. They are like "saplings" on the mountain, and they really "stand high in the world". tellurium (Te)
The eleventh and twelfth poems, "Feng Gong is not arrogant, his head is white and he is at a loss", are positive materials cited by the poet to further demonstrate his views on the basis of the negative examples cited in the first two poems. "Feng Gong" refers to Feng Tang in Han Dynasty. When Wendi was about seventy, he was still a small palace for a long summer. What? No. "Wei" is outstanding. "Whitehead", the hair is white. "Zhao" was confessed. "Don't recruit" means not to be reused. The poet used a strong rhetorical tone to clear Feng Tang's name, but because of his humble background, his hair and beard were all white, and he was not reused by the emperor, so he was still a little maid-in-waiting. Feng Tang, like a "pine tree at the bottom of a ravine", had to end up in a tragic fate of "comely and treacherous". Zhang Jin's dignitary is just a contrast to highlight Feng Tang's grief. When the poet uses Feng Tang as a metaphor, he actually feels sorry for himself. The poet cited positive and negative examples, and through comparison, showed the specific content of "the world is big, the ups and downs of beautiful men". The poet sticks to the title of "praising history" and "expressing his opinions first and proving them with facts" (Appreciation of Ancient Poems in Zhang Yuying in Qing Dynasty, Volume I), mercilessly exposing and criticizing social unreasonable phenomena.
The use of metaphor, contrast and allusions in this poem is vivid and vivid. The poet's emotional expression from the hidden to the present has received good artistic effect. Zuo Si's chanting of history is actually chanting of history, which is the perfect integration of chanting of history and chanting of history. It can really be described as "building a whole, hanging for a thousand years." Chen Ruoming's Selected Ancient Poems of Caijitang (Volume 11) had a far-reaching influence on the creation of "history-chanting" poems by later scholars.