I looked up at the moon and looked down, feeling nostalgic. Another example is Wang Wei's "Weicheng Qu": Weicheng is rainy and dusty, and the guest house is green and willow.
Sincerely advise friends to drink a glass of wine, and it is difficult to meet their loved ones when they go out to Yang Guan in the west. Ancient times can be divided into five words or seven words.
This kind of poems with more than four sentences belong to the ancient style, which is divided into five words, seven words and long and short sentences. 1, flat and even (similar to ancient style, the number of ancient style sentences is not limited, you can rhyme, generally rhyme to the end, or change the rhyme halfway, five words are called "five ancient" and seven words are called "seven ancient"; It can also be used as the "ancient style" of long and short sentences. It can be divided into five words and seven words, but don't be careless or casual.
For example, "Going to the Forbidden City on vacation" and "When is the source of the towering Kunlun Mountain", the first six words are all faint, and the last seven words are all plain, beautiful and full of artistic conception, but not easy to read (with the shadow of Allegro); For example, the first sentence is changed to "call friends to see the prosperity on holidays", and the second sentence is "the majestic Kunlun Mountain is famous all over the world". It seems that the artistic conception is somewhat discounted, but the latter sentence is catchy to read. It should be noted that poetry is very particular about "reading" (different from modern poetry). 2. Generally speaking, it is an ancient quatrain (she is different from the "five quatrains" and "seven quatrains", and the quatrains with uncoordinated rhythm cannot be easily marked with "X quatrains").
It is common to use rhyme (or not) in the first sentence, and rhyme must be used in the second and fourth sentences, and rhyme must be used at the end (there are usually many rhymes). For example, "plant a millet in spring and harvest 10 thousand seeds in autumn" and "people come and go on the river, but you love the beauty of perch".
Antique: more than 4 sentences (each sentence can be 5 words, 7 words, or long and short sentences, except "word"), which are uneven, can cadence, or can change rhyme in the middle (but the rhyme cannot be confused), are generally classified as "antique". For example, Cui Hao's legalist archaism "Yellow Crane Tower": A long time ago, a yellow crane carried a saint to heaven, but now there is nothing left but the Yellow Crane Tower.
The yellow crane never revisited earth, there have been no long white clouds for thousands of years. Every tree in Hanyang has become clear due to sunlight, and Nautilus Island is covered with sweet grass.
But I looked home, and the twilight was getting thicker. The river is shrouded in mist, which brings people deep melancholy. Note: It is not rigorous to classify this poem as a "seven-character poem" in 300 Tang Poems.
Although this poem is a masterpiece, the first four sentences are illegal in many places as far as rhyme and meter are concerned. Even though some words are flat and flexible, they still do not conform to the sentence pattern of qualified rhymes.
The first couplet is the same word, but it is wrong. Compound sentence used six tones and three tones at the end of the sentence, which should be avoided.
If you don't conform to the law, you will lose your rights. The last four sentences conform to the rules of flat pasting, and the fifth word of the suffix is allowed to be modified, which is basically legal.
Therefore, the first half of this poem is classical poetry, and the second half is metrical poetry. Although this poem is famous, it is not suitable for imitation when writing.
Strictly speaking, it should be counted as "the legalization of ancient customs." Li Bai: I can't see you. How did the water of the Yellow River flow out of heaven and into the ocean, and never return?
Have you noticed that the lovely hair in the bright mirror in the high room, although it is silky black in the morning, has turned into snow at night. Oh, let a man with spirit take risks where he wants to go, and never point his golden cup at the moon empty! ! Since God has given talents, let them be used! As for the money, although it is scattered, it will get together again.
Cook a sheep, kill a cow, sharpen your appetite, and let me, 300 bowls, take a big drink! ! Master Cen, Dan Qiusheng, bring the wine in! Let your cup never stop! ! Let me sing you a song! , let your ears participate! ! What are bells and drums, delicacies and treasures? Let me get drunk forever and never be rational! ! Ancient sober people and sages have been forgotten, and only great drinkers can be immortalized! Chen bought a barrel of wine with 10 thousand gold coins at a banquet in the temple, and everyone laughed and said one-liners Why do you say, my master, your money is gone? Go buy wine, and we'll drink together! .
Galla Chinensis, Hsi Chin, give them to that boy for good wine, and we can drown the sorrows of generations! ! Ancient styles are different in length, miscellaneous words, illegality and law. , its composition still applies to the "transition" short stories since ancient times, and its composition is found in the composition of quatrains.
For a little longer, please refer to Metric. The novelette is most suitable for narration, scenery writing, discussion and lyricism, and its text structure method is similar to composition in some places.
The transition is divided into one or several paragraphs, especially the turning part has many twists and turns, and the text is often long. Pay attention to hierarchy, teton, separation, response and transition when writing. , and stick to the theme and express a central meaning.
Narrative-oriented archaism can organize materials in chronological order, and can flashback, supplement and insert when necessary. For example, Du Fu's "To Wei Ba Chu Shi" begins with the feeling that life is impermanent and meets the sadness and joy of a brief encounter. Then I asked about the old love, and then elaborated the hospitality of Wei Ba's family and family members. Host and guest drink and talk about old things and feel each other. Finally, they got together for a while, and then ended up lamenting the reaction of the world.
Use "tonight" first, then write "evening", and then say "tomorrow". The time thread runs through, orderly and orderly. The first four sentences are the beginning, six sentences in Scholar's Academy are the inheritance, twelve sentences in Farewell-Deliberately Long are the turning point, and the last two sentences are the conclusion.
Han Yu's "The Rock" is a record of his visiting a mountain temple, narrating and writing scenes to express his feelings. The whole poetic level is what you see and hear at dusk, staying in the temple at night and leaving the temple at dawn.
The first four sentences are rising, pointing out mountains and rivers, temples, dusk and new rain; The six sentences of "Monk's Words-Light Entering the Door" have tolerance and were written overnight; The six sentences of "Dawn-Wind-borne Clothes" are all turned and written away from the temple; The last four sentences are knot and sigh. Echo before and after: the first sentence of "going in and out" should be "the stone is accurate" and "no way" should be "small behavior"; Because of the "new rain", jathyapple is clear and the mountains are misty. The mountains (flowers) are red and green at dawn and sunrise, and then they can be "barefoot" and "excited by underwater sound".
The scenery written in the poem has a sense of light, humidity and hue, alternating with shades, becoming a unified and harmonious picture. Li Bai's "Difficult Road to Shu" suddenly started writing, always mentioning that "this trip is more difficult than climbing the sky", singing it out with strong feelings and pointing out the theme.
The six sentences in Can Cong-Goulian say that Qin Shu has been blocked by mountains since ancient times. From Qin to Shu, Taibai Mountain bears the brunt, and bears the responsibility of explaining why the Shu Road is difficult to reach the sky. Sixteen sentences, "have-wither", is extremely dangerous to write about the mountain roads in the middle of Sichuan.
Above is the mountain peak, which blocks the operation of the sun god, and below is the winding river, which takes care of it. He also said that yellow cranes are not allowed to fly, apes are difficult to climb, and people are naturally more sad. This is a further way of writing.
The above is empty writing. Then describe the hardships of the people marching in Shu Road.
The blue mud ridge is not only tortuous, but also high enough to touch the stars, making people hold their breath and touch their chest.
2. What are two orioles singing green willows and a row of egrets flying to the sky?
By the sinking ship, Qian Fan passed by, in front of the sick tree, Wan Muchun.
Diligent in taking care of the world, he gave his heart to both generations.
The waning moon is born on the sea, and the spring breeze enters the old year.
If the sky is affectionate, it will be old, and if the moon is ruthless, it will be long and round.
Looking at a thousand fingers coldly, I bowed my head and made a willing cow.
Only drink Yangtze River water and eat Wuchang fish.
The edge of the sword comes from sharpening, and the fragrance of plum blossoms comes from bitter cold.
Looking up, I found it was moonlight, sinking again, and I suddenly remembered home.
The mountains cover the day, and the sea drains the golden river.
But as long as you climb a flight of stairs, you can broaden your horizons by 300 miles.
It's autumn wind and cold snow in Xiling, and Wu Dong Wan Li boat is moored at the door.
But since the water is still flowing, although we cut it with swords, we are more worried about raising our glasses.
One elder sister is not as charming as the second, three inches golden lotus and four inches waist.
One pole, one inch, one hook, one hat, one boat,
A bright moon in one day catches an autumn moon in one river.
A sail, an oar, a fishing boat, a fisherman and a hook.
A bow and a smile, a bright moon and an autumn.
Eight streams in front of the 100-foot building, four strong flutes, and six bridges in the west.
Pass books to bid farewell to Sanchun geese, and smell chickens on pillows for five nights.
On Tanabata, every girl met a cow, and the case was over ten years old.
Thousands of thoughts return to September, and orioles crow in February.
3. Ancient Poems 1, using Bixing technique, draining the floor from east to west and from north to south respectively.
Life is fixed, how can you always complain about self-pity? The Northern and Southern Dynasties: Bao Zhao drained flat land and flowed eastward, southwest and north respectively. Life is fixed, how can you always complain about self-pity? Drink some wine to comfort yourself and sing "It's hard to walk", and the singing is interrupted by drinking.
If the heart is not vegetation, how can there be no feelings? Want to say or say, and want to do, no longer say anything. Interpretation: If you pour water on the flat ground, it will flow in different directions.
Life is given, how to walk, how to sigh, how to sit and how to lie. Drink to comfort yourself, don't sing "It's hard to walk" because of drinking.
The human heart is not vegetation. How can they have no feelings? If you want to say something, don't stop saying it. But since the water is still flowing, although we cut it with a sword, sadness will come back, even though we drown them with wine.
"Xuanzhou Xielou Farewell School Book Shu Yun" in Tang Dynasty; Li Bai has voted for me since yesterday; It hurts my heart even more today. Autumn geese are escorted by Changfeng, and I treat them in this villa and drink my wine.
The bones of great writers are all your brushes. In Tianyuan, I grew up beside you, Xiao Xie. We are all lofty distant thoughts, longing for the sky and the bright moon.
(Browse: Lan; But since the water is still flowing, even though we cut it with a sword, sadness will come back, even though we drown them with wine. Since the world can't satisfy our desire, I will loosen my hair and get on a fishing boat tomorrow.
Interpretation: Yesterday that left me is irreversible. I'm uneasy today, which makes people worry a lot.
Wan Li Changfeng, send the autumn geese away. Facing the beautiful scenery, you can drink tall buildings.
Mr. Wang's articles are full of Jian 'an style, showing the beauty of poetic style from time to time. You and I are full of super interest and want to go to the sky to hold the bright moon.
Draw a knife to cut off the water flow, and the water wave will flow more smoothly; I want to raise a glass to dispel my worries, and my worries are even stronger. In this world, if you can't be satisfied, it's better to have long hair and board a boat on the Yangtze River.
3. Peacock flies southeast and lingers for five miles. "Peacock flies southeast/ancient poetry as a wife" Han Dynasty: During the Jian 'an period at the end of the Han Dynasty, Liu, the wife of the servant of Lujiang House, was sent by Zhong Qing's mother and vowed not to marry.
His family forced him to drown. When Zhong Qing heard about it, he hanged himself in the courtyard tree.
When people hurt them, it is a poem. Peacocks fly southeast and wander for five miles.
"At the age of thirteen, I can weave, and at the age of fourteen, I can learn to tailor. Fifteen plays and sixteen poems.
Seventeen years old is the wife of a gentleman, and her heart is often bitter and sad. Since you are a government official, you are loyal to your chastity.
My concubine has a spare room, and we often meet less and less. Chickens crow into the weave and can't rest every night.
It's too late to tame five horses in three days, my Lord. If you don't knit late, your wife will have a hard time! I can't bear to be driven away, but there's nothing I can do.
You can give it away for free, and you can go back in time. Commentary: During the Jian 'an period at the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, Liu, the wife of a small official in Lujiang Prefecture, was driven back to her family by Zhong Qing's mother, and she vowed not to remarry.
But her parents kept forcing her to remarry, so she had to drown herself. After hearing the news of his wife's death, Jiao Zhongqing also hanged himself from a tree in his yard.
People at that time mourned them and wrote such a poem. Peacocks fly southeast and wander every five miles.
"I can weave white silk at the age of thirteen, and I learned to cut clothes at the age of fourteen. At the age of fifteen, he learned to play cricket, and at the age of sixteen, he could read poetry.
I became your wife when I was seventeen, but I often felt pain and sadness in my heart. Now that I am an official, I will certainly stick to the official festival and concentrate on it.
Leaving me alone in an empty room, the days when we meet tend to be more and more sparse. Every day when the rooster crows, I go into the computer room and can't sleep every night.
I can cut five pieces of cloth on the plane in three days, but my mother-in-law deliberately thinks I am slow and relaxed. It's not that I spin slowly, it's that your daughter-in-law is difficult to be in-laws and serve.
I can't stand being driven away by your family. It's no use staying in vain. Tell your parents-in-law to repatriate me in time and take me back to my mother's house. "
You see, how the water of the Yellow River flows out of heaven and into the ocean, never to return. Have you noticed that the lovely hair in the bright mirror in the high room, although it is silky black in the morning, has turned into snow at night.
"Into the Wine" Tang Dynasty: Li Baijun did not see how the water of the Yellow River moved out of the sky and into the sea, never to return. Have you noticed that the lovely hair in the bright mirror in the high room, although it is silky black in the morning, has turned into snow at night.
Oh, let a man with spirit take risks where he wants to go, and never point his golden cup at the moon empty! . Since God has given talents, let them be used! As for the money, although it is scattered, it will get together again.
Cook a sheep, kill a cow, sharpen your appetite, and let me, 300 bowls, take a big drink! . Master Cen, Dan Qiusheng can drink and drink endlessly.
Let me sing you a song! Please listen to me. What are bells and drums, delicacies and treasures? I hope I never wake up drunk.
(Less expensive: He Zugui; Don't wake up: don't want to wake up/don't wake up) sober people and sages in the past are forgotten, and only great drinkers can be immortalized. (an ancient work: since ancient times; Wei Wang Chen bought a barrel of wine with 10 thousand coppers at a banquet in the temple, and everyone laughed and said a one-liners
Why do you say, my master, your money is gone? , to buy wine, we drink together! . Five flower horses, Hsi Chin, give them to the boy in exchange for good wine. Whatever you want, sell eternal sorrow.
Interpretation: Don't you see it? The water of the Yellow River seems to fall from the sky, and the waves roll straight into the East China Sea, never to return. Don't you see? Old parents lamented the white hair at the other end of the mirror, but it was still blue in the morning and turned into snow at night.
When you are proud of your life, you should enjoy the joy to the fullest, and don't empty the golden cup for the bright moon. God created my talent, which will be useful, and I can get it again after Huang Jinhua's death.
And take cooking mutton and slaughtering cattle as a pleasure, and if necessary, drink 300 cups happily. Cenxun, Yuan Danqiu, drink quickly and don't stop.
I'll sing you a song. Please listen carefully. The luxurious life of delicacies is not precious. I just wish I could lead a drunken life, not wake up.
Since ancient times, sages have been lonely, and those who can drink can leave a good reputation. At that time, Wang Chen Cao Zhi hosted a banquet to entertain optimistic people, drinking expensive wine and having fun.
Why do you say I don't have much money Just use this money to buy drinks. Precious five flowers and good horses, expensive leather clothes, call your son out and change all this into wine. Let's eliminate this endless pain together! 5, such as morning dew, it is much more difficult to go to Japan.
"Short Song" Han Dynasty: Cao Cao is a song about wine, life geometry! For example, morning dew is much more difficult to go to Japan. Be generous, and your troubles will be unforgettable.
How to solve your worries? Only Du Kang. Qingqing is your collar, YY is my miss.
But for your sake, I've thought it over. A herd of deer, yo, ate mugwort in Ye Yuan.
I have a group of good guests, playing the piano and playing the piano. As clear as the bright moon, when can I forget it? The troubles come from this and cannot be cut off.
The weirder, the more useless. Talk about it, and remember the past.
(Talk about a work: talk about a banquet) There are few stars in the moon, and blackbirds fly south. Go around the tree three times.
4. The poem about writing is 1 Love is difficult to write, and peace of mind can only be achieved by ever-changing poetry —— Qing Yuan Mei's "Jixing"
2. Appreciation and doubt of strange writing-Tao Jin's two movements of Yuanming.
3. Picking up defects in the paper period and making friends to attack defects-Qing and Hanyang Ship Times
4. Reading is full of books and writing is like a god-Tang Du Fu's "Twenty-two Rhymes for Wei Zuocheng"
5. Qu Ping's Ci and Fu hangs the sun and the moon, and the king of Chu sets up an empty mountain-Tang Li Bai's "Songs on the River"
6. Du Li's article is in full swing-Tang Hanyu's "Tiao Zhang Ji"
7. Reading Du Fu's poems is like tickling-Tang Du Mu reads Du Fu's poems.
8. If you want to learn poetry, you have to work hard outside it-Song Lu's tour of Poetry Yu Zi
9. Autumn moon and winter snow on the riverside, don't listen to Chen Yan, just listen to the sky-reading Song Wanli's Zhang Wenqian poems
10. Don't write the death sentence into the poem. This tactic was handed down from Yuan Mei's poem Imitating Yuan Mountain.
1 1. A word is natural and eternal, and luxury is the best to see the truth —— Comment on Thirty Poems by Jin Yuanhao
12. Bring forth the new 500 years and realize the old Millennium-On the Five-line Poem.
13. Don't ask for good sentences, just ask for good intentions-Song Ouyang Xiu's Poem of Hanging Monks
14. The secret of brocade is in my use, and the beauty of tailoring is not in the knife ruler-Song Luyou's Reading Poetry One Night on September 1st.
15. One sentence can make you understand everything, and you can take Wan Li by sitting-Liu Tang Yuxi's "The Collection of Dong Shi Wu Ling".
16. Clear water produces hibiscus, which is naturally carved-Tang Li Bai's "Reminiscing about the past, giving Jiang Taishou Liang Zai"
17. Today's people love the ancients, and clear words and beautiful sentences must be neighbors-Tang Du Fu's "Drama is a Six-quatrain"
18. Three years, two sentences, one song and two tears-after Tang Jiadao wrote a poem.
19. Sing a sentence and break a few stems-Tang Luyan let "Bitter Songs"
20. For the sake of human nature, words are not surprising and never stop-Tang Du Fu's "Talking about the Validity of the River as the Sea"
2 1. The article is eternal, and the gains and losses are well known-Don Du Fu's "My Topic"
22. If you don't write a poem for a day, your heart will be like an abandoned well-Tang Jia Dao's Play for Friends.
23. It is difficult to copy a poem after it is lost —— Stone "Visiting Two Monks in Wheeler in Lari Gushan"
24. Is the article really cherished by yourself and passed down from generation to generation? -On the Poetry of Kim Wang Ruoxu.
25. I wrote my mouth by hand, but how can I hold it-Qing. Huang Zunxian's Miscellaneous Feeling 3lian.com
26. It's pitiful to bow down to others when there are lingyun pens-Jin Yuanhao asked "On Thirty Poems"
27. We must teach ourselves what we have in mind, instead of following in the footsteps of others-ten unique poems by Dai Song Fugu.
28. The sounds of nature are full of fun, and good poems are unreasonable-On Twelve Poems by Zhang Qing Wen Tao.
5. Ancient poems and ancient books related to the law all have the way of improvement, and there is no limit to learning the sea.
Diligence is good for thrift, play is wasted, and thinking is ruined.
Why do you have to go to bed at night and get up at five when you are constant? The most useless thing is to be frozen for ten days.
The deceased is like a husband, not giving up day and night (Confucius)
Life between heaven and earth, if fleeting, is only sudden. (Zhuangzi)
Once the youth is gone, it will never come again, and you will never see the arrival of the next day. It's time for people to encourage themselves when they reach middle age. Time goes by and waits for no one. (Tao Yuanming)
Tomorrow follows tomorrow, there are so many tomorrows. I will wait for tomorrow, and everything will be wasted. If the world is tired tomorrow, it will go to Qiu Lai as a veteran in spring. Watch the water flow eastward and the sunset at dusk. A hundred years tomorrow can be geometric, please listen to my song of tomorrow. (Wen Jia "Tomorrow Song")
Today after today, how few today! Not today, when! Life is a hundred years today, today is not a pity! If we wait until the Ming dynasty, there will be something in the Ming dynasty. Write today's poem for you. Please start today. (Wen Jia's "Today's Poetry")
A lazy youth, a lousy age. ("Long Songs")
Every day when the cock crows, it is the best time for boys to read. Teenagers only know how to play, but don't know how to study hard. When they are old, they regret why they didn't know how to study hard when they were young. (Yan Zhenqing)
It is difficult for young people to learn and grow old, and an inch of time is not light. (Zhu)
The sword is sharpened, and the plum blossom is fragrant and bitter.
Learning poetry
First, desire
Learn more when you are young and be ambitious all your life. Others have swords, and I have pens like knives. ("The Poem of a Prodigy")
The court is Tian Shelang, and at dusk it is the palace of the son of heaven. There are no seeds at home, and men should be self-reliant. ("The Poem of a Prodigy")
After studying law for forty years, there is a blue sky above Wusha. Men want to draw Lingyange, and the first fame does not love money. (Yang Mingji's Poem of Expression)
Second, study hard.
Every day when the cock crows, it is the best time for boys to read. Teenagers only know how to play, but don't know how to study hard. When they are old, they regret why they didn't know how to study hard when they were young. (Don Yan Zhenqing's Persuasion)
Mechanics, such as ploughing, can be supplemented by diligence. But if you do too many books, you will get old. (Song Liuguo Academy)
Third, cherish time.
The trees in the garden are lush, and the crystal dew rises in the sun. Spring fills the earth with hope, and everything presents a scene of prosperity. I am always afraid that when the cold autumn comes, the trees in Ye Er will turn yellow and the grass will wither. The river runs to the sea, and when will it return to the west? A lazy youth, a lousy age. ("Long Songs")
The prime of life no longer comes, and it will be difficult to wake up one day. It's time for people to encourage themselves when they reach middle age. Time goes by and waits for no one. (Tao Jin Yuanming's Miscellaneous Poems)
I advise you not to cherish noble Yi, and I advise you to cherish youth. You can fold flowers straight, don't wait until there are no flowers. (The Legend of the Witch by Tang)
Yesterday, yesterday, yesterday was great! Yesterday has passed, and today is just a worry. The world regrets yesterday, but does not feel that today has passed again. Water gurgles away, and less time is spent in the sunset. Don't wait for the Ming Dynasty to regret what you can do today. (Anonymous "Song of Yesterday")
Today after today, how few today! If you don't do it today, when will it happen? Today is a hundred years of life, and today is not a pity! If we wait until the Ming dynasty, there will be something in the Ming dynasty. Write today's poem for you. Please start today. (Ming Mingjia's "Song of Today")
Tomorrow after tomorrow, there are so many tomorrows. Tomorrow will never come. If the world is tired tomorrow, it will go to Qiu Lai as a veteran in spring. Look at the flowing water in the east and the sunset at dusk. What will tomorrow be like in a hundred years? Please listen to my song of tomorrow (Yong's Song of Tomorrow)
Fourth, the method
Reading is in a hurry and swimming is interesting. You might as well let nature take its course unconsciously, but you have to think about it urgently. (Song Lu Jiuyuan "Reading")
Not many people suffer from reading, just as the meaning is unclear. Enough is enough, don't learn, enough is enough, don't learn. (Tang Hanyu's Persuasion Poetry)
6. The expressive skills of poetry include three aspects: expression (narration, description, discussion and lyricism), rhetoric (metaphor, metonymy, exaggeration, duality, analogy, parallelism, questioning, arousing and intertextuality) and expression (allusion, association, imagination, setting off or contrast, rendering and symbol). This is the focus of poetry evaluation and appreciation, emphasizing again the essentials of answering questions: content (what to write), method (how to write, that is, expression skills) and effect (how).
(Note: The order of these three items can be reversed as needed, but there can be no gaps in the answer. (1) Expression: narration, description, discussion, lyricism 1. Narrative: Describe a person's experience or the occurrence, development and change of things.
For example, "it snows at night in the building, and the iron horse is clear in the autumn wind." (Lu You's Book of Wrath uses narrative methods to write an unforgettable memory of his going to the front line against gold. )
2. Description: Describe and depict people, events and environment in vivid language. For example, Du Fu's "Song of the City" "Jiang Yue is only a few feet away, and the night light shines.
The heron in the sand head is silent, and the fish in the stern are screaming. "Poems written by hidden scenes vividly describe the egrets bending over and quietly staying on the beach in the moonlight. The big fish at the stern jumps out of the water and makes a stinging sound, which constitutes the quiet beauty of the moonlit night on the river.
3. Comments: opinions expressed on the nature, right and wrong, value, characteristics and functions of people and things. For example, Yuan Zhen's chrysanthemum: "It's not that chrysanthemum is favored among flowers, but that this flower has no flowers."
The last two sentences of the poem point out the reasons for loving chrysanthemums and praise the loyal character of chrysanthemums after weathering and withering. 4. Lyricism: express the author's strong subjective feelings such as love and hate, likes and dislikes, joys and sorrows.
There are direct and indirect lyricism, and the specific lyricism techniques are as follows: ① borrowing scenery or borrowing things to express feelings. When the author has a feeling about a scene or an objective thing, he entrusts his feelings and thoughts to the scene to express them, and expresses them through the description of the scene and the object. This lyric way is called borrowing scenery or borrowing things to express feelings.
In China's ancient poems, pines, bamboos, plums, chrysanthemums, willows, rocks, streams, deserts, ancient roads, borders, sunsets, jathyapple, breezes, drizzles, meadows, etc. are all the objects that poets often use to express their feelings. For example, Bai Juyi's "rambling grass" comes and goes with the seasons.
Wildfire never devoured them, and they grew taller in the spring breeze. "With the tenacious struggle of" original grass ",the author gave an irresistible sigh to the laws of nature. (2) Emotion and scene blend in the scene (or thing).
This way is to combine feelings in a specific natural scenery or life scene and express feelings by comparing the descriptions of natural scenery or scenes. It is an indirect and implicit lyric way. For example, Du Fu's "Good rain knows the season, when spring comes."
Sneaking into the night with the wind, moistening things silently ",writing scenery contains a sense of" happiness "for the spring rain; Falling flowers like tears, lonely birds crying sadly "expresses the poet's worries about the country and his thoughts about his family." Another example is Song Qi's "Red Apricot Branches in Spring" and Zhang Xian's "Clouds Break the Moon and Flowers Shadow". , are examples of scene fusion.
The above two lyric ways are indirect lyric. 3 direct lyric.
Also known as expressing one's feelings directly, it is a lyric way for the author to express his love and hate attitude towards related people and things directly without attaching any "attachments". For example, the ending of "The Hut is Blown by the Autumn Wind": "Alas, suddenly seeing this house in front of me is enough to freeze to death alone", which directly expresses the poet's willingness to sacrifice his noble sentiment for the happiness of poor intellectuals in the world.
Another example is Chen Ziang's You Zhou Tower: "Before me, where was the past era?" Behind me, where are the future generations? . I think of heaven and earth, there is no limit, there is no end, I am alone, and my tears fall. "
In a generous and sad style, the whole poem directly expresses the poet's grief and frustration by visiting Youzhou Taiwan. (4) Hold things to express their wishes.
Expressing ambition is to express one's ambition and will through the description and narration of the object. The most commonly used writing methods are metaphor, personification and symbol.
For example, Li Shangyin's "Cicada": "I am hungry because I am pure, and I sing for nothing all night. Oh, this last broken breath, in the green indifferent trees! .
Yes, I am like a driftwood. I have made my garden full of weeds. I thank you for your sincere advice and live a pure life like you. "
This poem uses cicadas to describe one's nobility. The first four sentences are excited by the smell of cicadas, focusing on chanting cicadas; Writing about cicada meals is elegant and elegant, but it is difficult to eat when you are hoarse.
The last four sentences directly express their feelings. My hometown is barren, why not go home? Therefore, the smell of cicadas is a warning to themselves, and they are in the same boat.
⑤ Support things and reasoning. Generally, it is a philosophical poem, such as Zhu's Random Thoughts on Reading (I): "Open a square pond of half an acre, and the sky is high and the clouds are light.
Ask the canal to be so clear, because there is running water at the source. "6 lyrical and vivid.
That is, quoting historical facts and using allusions in poetry. Ancient poetry attaches great importance to the use of allusions, which can not only make the language of poetry concise, but also increase the richness of content, increase the vividness and implicitness of expression, receive concise and thought-provoking effects, and enhance the expressive force and appeal of works.
For example, Xin Qiji's Song of Eternal Sorrow? There are five successful allusions in Gubei Pavilion in Jingkou: Sun Quan, Emperor Wu of Song, Liu Yilong, Beaver and Qianpo. These allusions are historical anecdotes of Jingkou, and the poet expresses his thoughts and feelings implicitly and naturally with the help of these historical facts.
⑦ Narrative lyric. For example, Du Fu's "The Hut Was Blown by Autumn Wind" and Bai Juyi's "Pipa Trip".
⑧ Use the past to satirize the present. For example, Rong Hong's "Ode to History": "The history of the Han family is close to the humble.
Society depends on the Lord, and safety depends on women. How can you act like a jade? It will be quiet.
Underground Millennium Bone, who is the assistant minister? "This is a political satire that borrows the past to satirize the present.
After the rebellion in the Tang Dynasty, the government was in chaos, the national strength was weakened, the vassal regime was divided, and the border problem was very serious, and the court blindly made peace, which made the people of all ethnic groups in the border suffer greatly. Therefore, the poet carried out a humiliating pro-government policy towards the imperial court, thinking that this was a national humiliation and saddened him.
This allegorical poem is filled with indignation, painful, straightforward and hit the nail on the head. (2) Expression techniques: allusion, association, imagination, setting off or contrast, rendering, symbol, contrast, contrast, cadence, care, action, positive, direct expression of mind, lyricism by borrowing scenery, blending feelings and scenery, and supporting things.