After the easy autumn, cuckoo clock, I heard you pass five streams.
I entrust my sad thoughts to the moon, hoping to accompany you to the west of Yelang.
To annotate ...
1. Wang Changling: a poet in the Tang Dynasty, who was demoted to Longbiao County Order during Tianbao period.
②. Move to the left: downgrade, downgrade. In ancient times, respecting the right was not as good as respecting the left, and moving to the left was a demotion.
3. Dragon Label: the name of the county in Tang Dynasty. In Jinping County, Guizhou Province, Longbiao Academy still exists, which was very secluded in the Tang Dynasty. This poem refers to Wang Changling. The ancients used to call a person by the name of the state or county where he was an official.
4. Huayang: Catkin.
⑤ Sub-rule: That is, cuckoo, with a piercing cry.
6. Five streams: The five streams mentioned by the Tang people refer to Chenxi, Youxi, Wuxi, Wuxi and Yuanxi, which belonged to the Middle Guizhou Road at that time, in the west of Hunan and the east of Guizhou.
⑦ Yelang: In the Han Dynasty, southwest ethnic minorities established political power in western and northern Guizhou, northeastern Yunnan and parts of southern Sichuan, which was called Yelang in history. Yelang County was established in Tongzi, Guizhou and Yuanling, Hunan in the Tang Dynasty. This refers to Yelang in Guizhou (in present-day western Guizhou). Li Bai was in the southeast at that time, so he said, "Go with the wind until Yelangxi".
8. Smell: I heard.
translate
The poplars on the tree are all gone, and the cuckoo is constantly crowing.
I heard that you were demoted to the Dragon Label, and you had to pass through five streams (Chenxi, Youxi, Wuxi, Wuxi and Yuanxi) along the way.
Let me entrust my sad heart for you to the bright moon in the sky.
Follow you all the way to Yelangxi!
Make an appreciative comment
This is a four-line poem written by Li Bai to his good friend Wang Changling, entitled "I heard that Wang Changling moved to Longbiao Kiln, and sent this". In the Book of the New Tang Dynasty, Wang Changling moved to Longbiao (now Longli Township, Jinping County, Guizhou Province) (the ancients were still right, so they called demoted officials moving to the left) because of "carelessness", that is to say, he offended demoted officials, not because of any big problems, but because of lack of discipline in life. When leaving Xin Qiji in Furong Building, Wang Changling also said to his good friend: "Luoyang's relatives and friends are like asking each other, and a piece of ice is in the jade pot." That is to say, Bao Zhao's innocence is expressed by the metaphor of "as clear as a jade pot and ice" in "The Ballad of the White Head".
After hearing about his unfortunate experience, Li Bai wrote this poem full of sympathy and care and sent it to him from far away, which is completely understandable. This is a lyric short chapter of just four sentences, but it has a heavy emotional component.
From the beginning, it chose two things with local characteristics, depicting the scene of late spring in the south, which set off a sad atmosphere. Yang Shuhua is catkin. Zigui is another name for cuckoo. According to legend, this kind of bird is transformed from the soul of Du Yu, the king of Shu, and its song is extremely sad and moving. Long Biao refers to Wang Changling here, and it has been a common practice among scholars since the Tang Dynasty to call him by his official name. Wuxi is Chenxi, Youxi, Wuxi, Wuxi and Yuanxi at the junction of Hunan and Guizhou. In the Tang dynasty, this area was also regarded as a remote and barren land, and it was also the place where Wang Changling was to be relegated. The first two sentences seem dull, but they actually contain rich contents, and their functions are various: they not only write about the season, but also write about the atmosphere, which not only points out the topic, but also proves the lyricism of the last two sentences.
The phrase "I am worried about the bright moon in my heart, and I will go to the west with the wind" closely follows the above and concentrates the poet's feelings here and now. The word "Jun" is called "Feng". The so-called "Yelang" here does not refer to Yelang Kingdom in the Han Dynasty, but Yelang County in the Sui Dynasty, which is located in Chenxi, Hunan Province today (see the Jade Emperor Ji Sheng, Volume 71). Longbiao is just to the west of Chenxi, so there is a saying that it is "until Yelangxi". The word "sad" in the sentence is also rich in content and worth pondering. Why are poets full of melancholy? It can be said that there is deep concern for the old friend, indignation at the reality at that time, sincere thoughts and sincere care.
Before Wang Changling was demoted, he was Jiangning Cheng, who went to Longbiao from Jiangning to Jiangzhong. Poets in Yangzhou can't say goodbye to their old friends face to face, so they have to entrust a deep affection to the bright moon and worry about missing them in the distance.
I use the bright moon to express my yearning for my hometown and friends. This kind of association and expression technique has appeared more than once in Li Bai's previous poems. Bao: "3528, thousands of miles are with you." Tang Huixiu's poem of resentment: "The bright moon shines on tall buildings, including a thousand miles." There is also a saying in the Song of Four o'clock at Midnight written by Yuefu in the Southern Dynasties, "Look up at the bright moon and send your feelings for thousands of miles". But compared with Li Bai's two poems, Shi Li is shine on you and better than Lan. After seeing the bright moon, the previous generation of poets only thought of relatives and friends in different places, or wanted to invite the bright moon to send their feelings, but Li Bai not only wanted to invite the bright moon to send his feelings here, but also wanted the bright moon to be his body body double and accompany his unfortunate friends to the remote and desolate place west of Yelang.
The genre of China's ancient poems was ready in the Tang Dynasty. As a master, Li Bai is handy no matter what genre. But among them, the exquisite achievements of Gexing and the Four Wonders are talked about by later generations. In Li Bai's anthology, there are dozens of poems with the theme of farewell to others and the genre of the four wonders, but none of them have the same idea or expression. "At night, I miss you in the Three Gorges of Qingxi River" (Yuege of Emei Mountain), "Peach Blossom Pond is deeper than thousands of feet, not as good as Wang Lun" (for Wang Lun), "Farewell to Meng Haoran on the way to Yangzhou by the Yellow Crane Tower", and the bright moon is in the sky. No matter which way is adopted, the author's sincerity can be truly and vividly conveyed to friends, which makes people memorable; However, this article is unique among similar poems with its imaginative and unique ideas. The poet's ingenuity and skillful skills can also be seen here.