Jiangnan, the sound of green and red flowers, the waterside village in the foothills.
More than 480 ancient temples were left in the Southern Dynasties, and countless pagodas were shrouded in wind and rain.
This seven-character quatrain is about spring scenery in the south of the Yangtze River. Beautiful style, one of Du Mu's representative works.
From the beginning, the poet stuck to the theme of this poem. "Thousands of miles of warblers sing green and reflect red" means that in the vast land of the south of the Yangtze River, when spring comes, orioles can be heard singing happily everywhere, and clusters of bright red flowers are particularly touching among the green trees. How lovely the spring in Jiangnan is! In the second sentence, the poet introduced the village near the water and the wall near the mountain to the readers. These places are also a bustling scene, full of wine flags fluttering in the wind. How charming! The word "Shuicun Mountain Guo" is rare, which shows the characteristics of Jiangnan scenery. The first sentence of these two sentences is dynamic first, static last, and the second sentence is static first, dynamic last, and dynamic and static set each other off, writing a vibrant world of spring scenery in the south of the Yangtze River.
In the last two sentences, the poet turned his attention to the Buddhist temple. "Loutai" refers to the balcony in the temple. Du Mu said in "Recalling the Past": "Autumn mountains and spring rains are everywhere, leaning against the temple buildings in the south of the Yangtze River" can prove it. Most temples in the south of the Yangtze River are built by mountains or foothills, and the halls and terraces are hidden among the green trees. It is rainy in the south of the Yangtze River in spring, and temples are shrouded in misty rain, giving people a hazy and far-reaching feeling. Spring in the south of the Yangtze River is a charming and sad scenery with a strong charm of beauty.
Many Buddhist temples will naturally remind poets of the Southern Dynasties when they are built. Emperors and dignitaries in the Southern Dynasties believed in Buddhism and built Buddhist temples everywhere. According to historical records, there are more than 500 magnificent Buddhist temples in Jiankang (now Nanjing, Jiangsu) in Liang Wudi. "480" is an approximate number, and the number is extremely large. Du Mu is good at using numbers to enhance artistic effects. For example, "the building flies 90 feet and the corridor is surrounded by 400 columns." ("Xuanzhou Kaiyuan Temple") "It is more than a thousand miles away from the south of the Yangtze River, and it is a lonely boat with thousands of mountains." Moonlit Night on Twenty-four Bridges in New Way (a letter to Han Chuo, the magistrate of Yangzhou) and Three Hundred Miles of Mourning for Yang on the Shore (Yu), etc. , are well written.
Some people find the last two sentences of this poem ironic. Because Du Mu also had anti-Buddhist thoughts and opposed the beliefs of some emperors in the middle and late Tang Dynasty. The emperors of the Southern Dynasties built a large number of Buddhist temples, many of which became historical relics, and the existing ones were also shrouded in confusion.
"Thousands of miles of warblers are singing green and reflecting red ..." So is Du Mu's "Jiangnan Spring". The abbot said, "A thousand should be ten. I can't hear or see for thousands of miles. Why do birds sing green and reflect red? " I call it "Shili", which may not be heard or seen. The title cloud "Jiangnan Spring" is thousands of miles away from Jiangnan. Thousands of miles away, birds are singing and green is reflecting. There are 480 temples and terraces in the misty rain. This poem has a wide meaning, so it is not allowed to refer to one place, so it is called "spring scenery in the south of the Yangtze River". Poets are good at setting topics. ([Qing] He's Textual Research on Poetry in Past Dynasties)
The first two sentences are about the scenery in the south of the Yangtze River and the wonderful pictures of Hui Chong. Later, it was said that most of the temples in the Southern Dynasties were in the scenic area, with as many as 480 temples. When the weather is empty and rainy, the terraces are painted new and add more beauty. Xiao Du once said "lean on the south temple building" and Liu Meng said "go to the Southern Temple", which shows that Gong Lin and Fan Yu are everywhere. (Yu Biyun's "Poetry")