Then read the text carefully. The first sentence is "Guan Guan dove is in Hezhou". "Guan Guan" is the call of water birds, the singing of birds, rivers and islands, and touching things to arouse feelings, but this is not a real blending of scenes, but a harmonious collocation of scenes, which only plays a supporting role and paves the way for the appearance of ladies behind. "My fair lady, a gentleman is a good gentleman", and the beautiful lady attracted the gentleman, and from then on, the gentleman began to pursue the lady. "Uneven shepherd's purse flows from left to right", and uneven shepherd's purse should be picked from left to right. Here and the following "My Fair Lady, I can't ask for it" constitute a figurative relationship, which can be understood as that the water bird "left and right" picks leeks to indicate that the gentleman tries his best to pursue the lady, and it can also be understood as that the adult picks leeks to indicate that the gentleman pursues the lady. Including the following "picking leeks left and right, picking leeks left and right", the gentleman "the friend of the harp, the joy of the bell and drum", trying to pursue his wife and form an isomorphic relationship.
From the text analysis, we can see that the poem Guanju mainly talks about a man's deep pursuit of a woman, and uses picking leeks as a metaphor. Through metaphor, the author juxtaposes two things that are not directly related. This has two expressive effects: first, it increases the richness of poetic images, and at the same time, when readers examine this metaphorical relationship, they have a brand-new insight into the two ontologies and carriers of picking leeks and asking for women from gentlemen, resulting in new strangeness and aesthetic pleasure. Second, the emotional expression is subtle and tortuous, and the meaning is indirectly expressed through other things. The author writes that a gentleman's pursuit of a lady depends on the process of picking leeks.
And this second point is the key to understand "being happy but not lascivious, being sad but not hurting". In terms of emotional expression, "happiness without lewdness, sadness without injury", even if a gentleman pursues a gentle lady, he needs the help of picking vegetables. Even if the pursuit process is difficult, or even "desirable", it is just "tossing and turning", no matter what. Sad but not hurt. "
In fact, it involves an "author's intention" and a "poetic". From the author's point of view, Guan Ju's poem may only show a man's pursuit of a woman, but poetically speaking, the main idea of this poem should be to stab chaos, and its deep meaning lies in rectifying moral codes, that is, "being happy without lewdness, being sad without injury", that is to say, telling the poem. For example, "Preface to Mao Poetry" takes "Guan Ju" as the theme, in order to please the lady, to match the gentleman, to worry about the virtuous, and not to be immoral; Sad and graceful, thinking only without hurting kindness. It also means Guan Ju. The golden mean of "being happy without lewdness and being sad without injury" is an important principle of Confucianism. To understand this sentence, we should start with the relevant Confucian literary theory. Confucianism emphasizes the social function of the Book of Songs, which can be understood by combining with Confucius' literary theory of "appealing to the masses and complaining about others".