Brief introduction of Novalis
Novalis was born on12 May 772. His original name was Friedrich? Leo Polder? Seal? Hardenbergh. He was born in a noble family, the eldest son. Hardenbergh family is an ancient aristocrat in Lower Saxony, but it was not so prominent when it was born in Novalis. In this family, the dominant is Novalis's father Heinrich? Ulrich? Erasmus? Seal? Hardenbergh has a pious evil consciousness, and uses this consciousness to control and dominate the whole family spiritually, which is also the reason why Novalis received strict religious education since childhood.
For Novalis, the most affectionate thing is his mother. He has always had love and gratitude for his mother until he came of age. When he was young, Novalis was sickly and mentally retarded. 1780, Novalis, nine years old, suffered from dysentery, and her condition improved only after continuous drug stimulation and aftercare. The dysentery made his stomach droop, but it also restored his intelligence.
1783, Novalis was sent by his father to his uncle Gott? Rob? Friedrich? Seal? Stay in Hardenbergh. There, the growing Novalis entered another world. Uncle is a man obsessed with superior life experience and status, but his father obviously doesn't care about these. After that, the Novalis family moved to Firth, Wei Sen, where Novalis studied Greek and Latin seriously. For him, classical culture is a great spiritual wealth, and he likes reading poems and fairy tales.
1790, Novalis studied philosophy with Fichte and met Schiller. During the three years from 179 1, Novalis studied at the University of Leipzig, then worked in the court and salt bureau, and also worked with the early romantic writer F? Schlaege and other contacts. On March 25th, Novalis died in Wesenfeld.
Novalis's Philosophical Thought
The formation of Novalis's philosophy was influenced by Fichte's philosophy. Fichte's philosophy is a philosophy established to correct the prejudice that things themselves cannot be understood in Kang's philosophy, and its greatest feature is that it infinitely expands the initiative of the self. Therefore, Fichte's philosophy is also called? Call for action? From the social reality as the starting point, and then explore the original action of self. Primitive action refers to the free will and free thinking of the self, which is also formed on the basis of Kant's self-concept.
Fichte's philosophical system contains three propositions: self-setting, self-setting non-self, self-setting and self-unity. For these three propositions, Novalis gave his own answers. When we talk about ourselves, we have to be a family and an individual, and self is a family and an individual, which is both universal and special. ?
Novalis constructed his own theory from the perspective of the relationship between nature and spirit. He believes that self-setting is not self, and spirit produces nature, because only by establishing an object, that is, establishing nature, can spirit become the theme of realizing itself. In addition, Novalis believes that spirit exists in nature, but the spirit existing in nature is regarded as pure matter, not spirit. What does he call this nature of imprisoning the soul in himself? A magic stone lake? . On the basis that nature contains spirit, Novalis thinks that the spirit in nature is the projection of self and the expression of human nature.
In addition, Novalis also put forward the concept of demonization:? The art of using the experience world with human will? This is the manifestation of Novalis's demonized idealism.
Novalis's achievements.
If a poet's achievement is anything, it is his work. Novalis is a German romantic poet, so Novalis's achievement is the creation of poetry.
Among Novalis's works, Heinrich is the most famous? Feng? Excessive and Ode to the Night.
Heinrich? Feng? Overtingen believes that blue flowers symbolize romantic desire and describes the life of Overtingen, a medieval poet. Is it a William like Goethe? Meister is a novel against each other. The whole novel is divided into two parts, which make full use of beautiful language and rich imagination. In Novalis's view, this novel has no definite ending. 1800 February 23, Hardenbergh to Ludwig? Tick's letter said? The whole novel should be a model of poetry. Heinrich? Feng? Overtingen matured into a poet in the first part, and deified poetry into a poet in the second part, making it have a happy expression or beautiful color? .
Ode to the Night is another masterpiece of Novalis. This was written by Novalis after his fiancee died, expressing his condolences for her death and his personal concern for her? The wonderful kingdom of eternal night? The pursuit of.
In Novalis's view, the real theme and content of poetry are mysterious, wonderful and fairy-tale things. In his poem Religious Songs, he showed his belief in Christianity. In Christianity or Europa, Novalis hopes to have an idealized medieval society: people live in harmony and are satisfied, and all political and social contradictions are covered up. In this article, Novalis complained that Christianity in Europe was divided by the Reformation and the Enlightenment. He vilified the Enlightenment and the French Revolution; He called for the establishment of a European Union under the leadership of a new and lasting church.
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