Hu hai
As a poetic term, "style" requires poetry to have both a beautiful form, a big pattern and a high realm. The former is determined by the aesthetic significance of "tune", while the latter is determined by the personality and moral significance of "ge". At first, these two words were used together, not together. When they are used together, they are sometimes mentioned separately.
In Jiao Ran's poetic style, Xie Lingyun's poems are "high in style and easy to change". The "style" here is the spiritual realm of the overall transformation of Xie Lingyun's maverick personality. "Tone" not only refers to tone, but also refers to the overall form, that is, its tone is harmonious and free, and it can choose words and make sentences at will. Ouyang Xiu's Poems on June 1 don't talk about "tone", but only about "style". For example, Zheng Gu's poem is "very interesting and full of beautiful sentences, but the style is not very high". This "case" refers to the realm of poetry. It has also been said that poets in the late Tang Dynasty "have a high charm without bold style". This "style" is the overall style endowed by the poet's mind and realm.
Yan Yu's Cang Lang Shi Hua said: Poetry has five methods: system, gree, meteorology, interest and syllable. The first three generally correspond to "case" and the last two correspond to "tone". Yan Yu systematically discussed the poetic method, and most of the basic problems of poetic method and grammar in later generations went beyond this scope. Broadly speaking, style theory includes ideological requirements and artistic requirements, the relationship between content and form, and the debate between ancient and modern times about whether to follow the classics as a whole or pay attention to new changes, all of which are involved in Canglang Shihua, so Yan Yu is regarded as the pioneer of style theory by later generations.
The combination of "ge" and "tune" in poetry criticism marks the formal appearance of style theory, but its meaning is not fixed, and sometimes it is biased towards the meaning of "ge", which is the ideological realm from the content; Sometimes the meaning of "tune" is aesthetic in terms of form.
Because "ge" refers to the poetic style and the whole work, it has the meaning of pattern and realm. To sum up the theory of Ming style, "ge" is the system and overall pattern of poetry, the poetic content at the perceptual level, and refers to the realm and ideological value of the work. "Tone" is a syllable tone at the auditory level, corresponding to the poetic style at the visual level-four words, five words, seven words, long and short sentences and so on. And it is related to emotions and feelings, not necessarily meaning. The combination of the two is the combination of formal beauty and lofty or deep realm, but it may be biased towards a certain meaning in specific poetry comments.
Style theory not only discusses the form and realm of poetry, but also puts forward two general literary problems: one is to worship the ancient or to innovate; The second is to emphasize content or form, main feeling or principle.
It is worth noting that when stylistic theory involves the dispute between ancient and modern times, the dispute between reason and content, form, the relationship between morality and aesthetics, personality and style of writing, it is highlighted. From Confucius, Liu Xie to Han Yu, they all pay attention to the eternal value of traditional morality, require articles to spread correct ideas and cultivate sound emotions, and also put forward high requirements for the author's ideological realm and artistic taste. Scholars in Ming and Qing Dynasties inherited this ideological tradition and unified personality with articles and artistic styles. As an advocate of style theory, Shen Deqian attached importance to poetry teaching and advocated gentle and honest style. In "On Poetry", he said that the Six Dynasties played the formal beauty and musical beauty of Qin and Han Yuefu, until the rhyme of Tang poetry was neat, but the popularization and poetry teaching were lacking. He asked not only to learn the rhythmic beauty of Tang poetry, but also to trace back to the ideological realm of ancient poetry.
When modern and contemporary scholars talk about "style", they also unify personality and style of writing. Commenting on the style of a person, a book, a work of art and other aesthetic objects, whether it is high or low, may be a moral judgment, may be an aesthetic judgment, may be in terms of internal spiritual realm, may also be in terms of external style, of course, it is more likely to be both.
(Excerpted from Literature and History Knowledge, Character and Realm, No.7, 20 16)
1. The following statement about the original content is incorrect. One is () (3 points)
A. Yan Yu is the founder of style theory. In Cang Hua, he made a rough and extensive discussion on the requirements of poetry thought and art, the relationship between content and form, and whether poetry creation should follow the classical style or pay attention to new changes.
B. "Style" requires poetry to have a big pattern, a high realm and a beautiful form, in which "big pattern and high realm" are determined by the personality and moral significance of "Ge" and "beautiful form" is determined by the aesthetic significance of "Diao".
C. When commenting on the "style" of poetry in the Ming Dynasty, "style" refers to the pattern of poetry and discusses the system of poetry, that is, the realm and ideological value of poetry; "Tone" is tone. This paper discusses the syllable tone of poetry, that is, the artistic conception and feeling of poetry.
D. When discussing the "style" of aesthetic objects, modern and contemporary scholars will unify people and writing, which can be both moral and aesthetic, and may also involve the spiritual realm and external style of literary works.
2. In the following understanding and analysis, one that does not conform to the original intention is
A initially, the word "style" used in poetry criticism was used separately from "style" and "tone". Later these two words were used together. Later, when discussing poetry, "style" can be used alone or together.
B as a poetic term, "ge" has rich meanings. Ouyang Xiu thinks that the "style" of Zheng Gu's poetry is not very high, but refers to the realm of poetry, and the "style without style and du" of poets in the late Tang Dynasty refers to the overall style of poetry.
C. "Style" is the combination of formal beauty and lofty or deep realm of poetry, which marks the formal appearance of style theory. Although the meaning of "style" is biased, the theory of poetry will be biased towards the realm from now on.
D Shen Deqian thinks that learning poetry should not only learn the beauty of the melody of Tang poetry, but also learn the ancient poems of the Six Dynasties, because the ancient poems of the Six Dynasties played the formal beauty and musical beauty of Qin and Han Yuefu, and were higher in popularity and poetry teaching than those of Tang poetry.
According to the original content, one of the following statements is incorrect.
A. Jiao Ran discusses the content and form of Xie Lingyun's poems from the perspective of "style", discusses the spiritual realm of Xie Lingyun's poems from the perspective of Xie Lingyun's maverick character, and understands the poet's casualness from the aspects of tone and diction.
B. Yan Yu classified the methods of writing poetry into five categories, in which "system, meter and weather" roughly corresponds to "case" and "interest and syllable" roughly corresponds to "tone". The discussion of poetry and grammar in later generations did not deviate from the scope of Yan Yu's systematic discussion of poetry.
C. Style theory not only discusses the form and realm of poetry, but also discusses the issues of respecting the past or innovation, emphasizing content or form, emphasizing emotion or emphasizing principle, involving the relationship between morality and aesthetics, personality and style of writing.
D in ancient times, many people paid great attention to the eternal value of traditional morality, paid attention to improving artistic taste, tried their best to express their noble ideological realm when writing articles, and unified their personality and artistic style to spread correct ideas.
Reference answer
1. This question examines the ability to filter and integrate information in the text. The mistakes of "rough discussion" include "generalized stylistic theory" and "these problems are all involved in Cang Lang Shi Hua". The "broadness" here refers to the discussion of "stylistics" in a broad sense, rather than the relatively rough and broad discussion of "stylistics" in Cang Lang Shi Hua.
2.c this question examines the ability to summarize the main points of the content and summarize the central meaning. "But since then, poetics has focused on the realm" is unfounded in the article.
3.b this question examines the ability to summarize the main points of the content and summarize the central meaning. It is absolutely wrong to say that the discussion of poetry and grammar in later generations did not deviate from Yan Yu's systematic exposition of poetry. The original text is "Yan Yu's systematic exposition of poetry and grammar, and most of the basic problems of poetry and grammar in later generations are beyond this scope."