"Thirty-six Rhymes on the Pillow and Book Cup in the Wind-Speed ??Boat Presented to Relatives and Friends in Hunan", Qiu Zhao'ao determined it to be Du Fu's last poem. This poem is Du Fu's summary of his wandering life, and it can also be said to be a self-elegy. The poem goes: "Xuanyuan stopped making music, and Yu Shun stopped playing the harp. It was still half-dead to give up the sound of the male harp. The sage was named Gu Miao, and he was plagued by illness every year. Boats and moorings are often shaken, and ginseng has been seen in the lake level for a long time."
The first eight sentences are striking and have a unique origin. They use the mythical story of the Yellow Emperor and the two concubines of Yu and Shun that are not found elsewhere in the Miluo River Estuary of Dongting Lake to create a poetic place.
"Xuanyuan Xiu Zhi Lv" comes from the "Book of Han·Lv Li Zhi": "The Yellow Emperor sent Ling Lun from the west of Daxia, in the shadow of Kunlun, to take twelve tubes made of bamboo to listen to the phoenix. There are six male calls and six female calls, which are comparable to the palace of Huang Zhong, and they can all be produced. This is the foundation of the law. ."
"Yu Shun stopped playing the piano." According to the "Historical Records·Book of Music": "In the past, Shun made a five-stringed qin to sing to the southern wind." "Ji Jie" quoted Wang Su as saying: "The south wind is a poem that nourishes the people." His words said: "It may relieve the anger of our people."
In ancient times, there was Shending Mountain on the bank of the Miluo River. There is Xuanyuan Terrace on the mountain. According to the Book of Shenju Lotus Pond written by Emperor Kangxi of the Qing Dynasty, "Shending Mountain is named after the Yellow Emperor who cast the tripod." The "Xiangyin County Chronicles", "Yuezhou Prefecture Chronicles" and "Dongting Lake Chronicles" of the Ming and Qing Dynasties also have such records: "Emperor Xuanyuan visited the south of Zhang Le and the fields of Dongting, and climbed Leishi Ridge (where the Miluo River enters Dongting Lake). (located at the mouth of the Miluo River)" at dusk. According to the Ming Dynasty's "Records of Famous Places": "On Huangling Mountain (near the mouth of the Miluo River), there are tombs of two concubines on it. Ancient biographies have published this. It was Shun's tour to the south, and the old ruins are actually between Hunan and Hunan.
"The boat is always trembling, and the lake is full of ginseng" records the poet's journey back to the north by boat, and the word "Zhen" in "Yizhen" is explained according to the "Book of Changes". "Eastern". The word "lake" mentioned of course refers to Dongting Lake. Miluo River is located in the southeast of Dongting Lake. Because of the flatness of the lake, ginseng stars are often seen in the morning. p>
All of these fully illustrate that Du Fu's poem "In a Boat with a Gale of Wind" was on his way back north, where he revisited the intersection of the Xiangshui River, Dongting Lake, and Miluo River, and reached Leishi Ridge, Fenghuang Terrace, and Huangshan River. After the mausoleum mountain, the twilight of the two concubines, etc., I thought of the virtues of "perfect governance" of the Yellow Emperor and Yu Shun, and wrote it with emotion. It is not only a natural expression of the poet's own feelings of mourning the past and regretting the present, but also the customs of the Miluo River area. Human feelings, a true description of the geographical location of the ship
“The old country is sad and miserable, and the clouds are gloomy. In the water town, there are white houses in the haze, and the maple banks are covered with clear ash. The gloomy winter is scorched by the heat, and the misty rain stagnates lust."
The poet further points out the boat trip to Xiangze country on the lake and what he saw in the boat. The boat is traveling close to the shore of the lake, and the green mountains and maple trees on the shore are stacked, vividly At this time, it is already the end of winter (the fifth year of the Dali calendar) and it is a characteristic of Xiangyin and Pingjiang mountainous areas in the Miluo River area.
“The spring grass returns to its roots, and the source is spent alone. The worry is quiet, and the medicine is used to treat the disease. Xiyao chased Pan Yue and looked for Deng Lin in danger. I wasted my time learning to walk, but I am grateful for my close friend. But he pretended to be Su Shou and praised the Zhou and Song dynasties."
Du Fu originally returned to the north full of confidence, but in the end he could not withstand the cold wind, the plight of his family, and the recurrence of his old illness. , forced him to change his mind and stop moving northward to "turn to Peng" and "do medicine". This is why Du Pu felt that his plan was not successful. (In a poem by Hengzhou, it was mentioned that this woman was still nursing her breasts, and there was a sentence: "The woman with breasts is still in the room"). His illness was very serious and his sadness and hatred were revealed, but he did not forget his love for the country. Due to the disaster, Tao Yuanming borrowed the phrase "Yuanfei Duxun" to place his fantasy on the resurgence of the Tang Dynasty, idealizing the rule of Zhenguan, and imagining that Emperor Taizong of the Tang Dynasty would save the people from the fire and water. With an incorruptible tongue that "but fakes the tongue of Su and Qin and praises Zhou and Song Dynasties", he looks for Deng Lin and mountainous areas to rest and nourish his sick body.
The main reason for "turning around". It's "the medicine is sick", "the bird is heavily bound, and the quail is covered with needles". At this time, the poet's illness has become fulminant, and he is sweating profusely, and he knows that he will not be able to bear it at that time. The area around Dongting Lake is very desolate, and there is nowhere to seek medical treatment. The wind on the lake is not good for the sick. And what about the family's financial situation? The whole family is so poor that they only wear quail clothes. Therefore, he had no choice but to seek refuge with his distant relatives, the magistrate of Changjiang County, and his close friends. , once wrote a poem "Accompanying Pei Shijun to the Yueyang Tower", "The courtesy is added to Xu Ruzi, the poem is thanked to Xuancheng", which shows that Du Fu compared himself to Xu Zhi, a famous sage in the Eastern Han Dynasty, and compared Pei Shijun to a virtuous corporal. Chen Fan, it can be seen that Du Fu received very good hospitality during his several months in Yueyang. Xie Xuancheng was a poet in the Northern Dynasty Qi Dynasty. Here, Pei Shijun is compared to Xie Tiao, which is highly praised by Du Fu's singing of Pei Shijun's poems. At this moment, Du Fu could not be excited and said to Pei Shijun that he was very happy to see his old friend who was hungry and cold, so it was inevitable to give him warm hospitality in Yueyang. The time has come for spiritual and material comfort, so there is a saying: "Plum blossoms bloom on the snow bank, and hundreds of grasses grow on the spring mud."
"If you dare to disobey the fisherman's question, you will march southward from now on." Pei Shijun also had a thatched cottage in Changjiang. Li Bai mentioned it in several places in his poems, and made a special trip to Baimaji (in today's Xiangyin County) by climbing Yalan Post. I visited Pei Yin (whose name is Yin Xingjiu, who has a residence in Baimaji and a thatched cottage in Changjiang). When Jia Zhi was demoted to Yuezhou, he also had contact with him. According to his poem "Giving Pei Jiu to Play the Qin in the Thatched Cottage in Changjiang". According to what he wrote, he went to Changjiangcao and heard Pei Yin play the piano in person. Li Bai, Jia Zhi, Pei Yin and Du Fu were all friends and close friends of the poet. According to the records of Pingjiang County and the county records of the Ming and Qing Dynasties. The genealogy records of the surnames Xu, Liu, Bai, Chen and Li: "After the Anshi Rebellion occurred in the 14th year of Tianbao (775 AD), the deposed Shangshu of the Ministry of Education and Industry and the Minister of the Ministry of Science and War were promoted to Yin Qingguanglu. Xu Anzhen, together with his ministers Liu Guangqian, Bai Qi, Chen Xilie, Lu Shanjing, Li Anfu and other six ministers, took their families to escape the chaos and traveled south to Huanglong Temple in Yuzhang. After being introduced and given guidance by Zen Master Chaohui, they talked about the beautiful mountains, clear waters and beautiful scenery of Pingjiang. , the scenery was pleasant, so they moved to Ping one after another and lived in seclusion in Pingjiang together. Xu Ju stepped down and built Huitai Temple in Sandun, fifty miles north of the county; Liu Ju came to power and built Changqing Temple in Changqing, at the foot of Mufu Mountain, ninety miles north of the county; Bai Jutai built the temple in Baishui, sixty miles south of the county. , built Baishui Temple; Chen Jujitai built Huiguo Temple in Changshou Ridge in the east of the county; Lu built Bajiao Temple in Bajiao Village, 60 miles west of the county; Li Liu took his brother Lin Fu and changed his surname to Meng Anfu and lived in the west Township, build Jiufeng Temple. After death, there are tombs and towers in these six places. This is the historical story of the six prime ministers of the Tang Dynasty hiding in Pingjiang and building six temples in four villages. Du Fu and the Six Prime Ministers were all colleagues, and they had worked together in the same court in Beijing. At this time, his condition worsened, so he moved to Changjiang to join Pei Yin, his distant relative Changjiang County Magistrate, and these close friends and colleagues. It is this kind of mood and reason that "the worries are quiet, and the medicine is still there."
"The Naliu Mihao Khan, the majestic site is Qinshan. The city is blooming with clear sunshine, and the pines are green."
"Naliu" accommodates small streams, "Haohan" has deep water and wide appearance; "Junji" has high terrain. This further points to the fact that Du Fu entered a tributary of East Dongting Lake by boat. Which tributary did Du Fu enter? The sentence "high site" in the poem indicates that there is a city and government offices with clear scenery among the rolling mountains and ridges along the tributary. This "city" has a beautiful scenery of "pine trees and green mountains". There are no continuous high mountains in East Dongting Lake, and the Xiangjiang River is the main stream, not a tributary. Therefore, the capital of Du Fu Zhoubo cannot be the county seat of Xiangyin. Baling is located in the north of Dongting Lake. It is not a mountainous area and has no tributaries. The only tributary of East Dongting Lake that can accommodate it is Changjiang (Pingjiang). Therefore, Du Fu went up the Miluo River in the late autumn of the fifth year of the Dali calendar and arrived near Changjiang City at the end of the year. At that time, Changjiang County was located in Zhongxianping. It is located in the middle and upper reaches of Miluo River. To the north is Mufu Mountain, the main peak of which is more than 1,500 meters above sea level, connected to Huanglong Mountain in Jiangxi Province. On the top of the mountain is the site of the "Gehong Immortal Altar" where Ge Hong of the Jin Dynasty made alchemy and cultivated his body to become an immortal. There is Lianyun Mountain in the southeast, with the main peak being 1,600 meters above sea level. Turning into the Miluo River from Dongting Lake in the East, heading straight to the Changjiang River, there are undulating mountains, rolling hills, dense peaks and ravines, crisscrossing streams, and beautiful scenery. Du Fu came to this paradise where "the city is full of bright sunshine" to rest and rest, and stayed here. But his condition became more and more serious, and he knew that he would not be able to survive the illness and that his life would not be extended. Dying from wounds and accomplishing nothing, all I can do is shed tears as rain.
Finally, "We are competing for the beauty with all our beauty, and we are free and easy. The bright and honest people are still foolish, and the emperor is really here. Gongsun is still in danger, and he has not been captured alive. The plains in the letter are vast, and the war in the north is deep. Fear of people thousands of miles away." Well, ask the Gu Jiuzhou admonition. The blood flow of the battle is still there, and the army is still sounding. Ge Hong's body is determined to be resolved, and Xu Jingli is unable to do it. "The family affairs are resolved with cinnabar, and the tears are made of Lin" and other sentences; among them are the words "Xu Jing" and "family affairs". , that is to say: you can't settle down your family like Xu Jing did, you can't protect yourself, your family is in trouble, you can't express the helpless pain in your heart without sadness, and your dying life is still closely linked to the misfortune of the country and the disaster of the people. It is still warning the people: "Lang Jian is foolish and upright, and the emperor is really coming. Gongsun is still in danger, and Hou Jing has not been captured alive." "The blood of the battle is still flowing, and the sound of the army is still going on." To express the poet's sincere feelings about the country and the people, and his sincere feelings about the national economy and the people's livelihood. The purpose of presenting relatives and friends in Hunan is to provide poems for obituary and funeral. After this poem, he was buried in Xiaotian Tianjing Lake, not far from the county seat. The eldest son Zongwen died young, and the second son Zongwu was only seventeen years old and had not yet married or started a family. Because his family was poor and in a period of war, he had no choice but to stay in Pingjiang, start a family and start a business, and multiply from generation to generation. To this day, in the Dujiadong area, his descendants still have spies, which can be used as a reference.
The official of the Song Dynasty (Shi Shi) said: "When I was first transferred to Xining (the first year of Xining, in 1068 AD), I parked in Baoen Temple, and Xu Xiucai, who was in the same courtyard as Yangzhai, came out. The poem written by my father who forgot his name in the field, I saw that he was poor and plain, and he had the character of the ancients and could not be copied. "The poem he passed by Gongbu's grave said: "The water is connected with Miluo, and the heart of heaven is deep. The wanderings are the same through the ages, and the beauty has the same source. The country is not respected, and the cold sun sets in the Western Plains.
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