Interpretation: governance: governance; An: Diazepam. Administer the country and the people.
In the ninth year of Zhenguan (the title of Li Shimin), Emperor Taizong said to the guards, "Before (Emperor Wendi of Sui Dynasty) just made the capital, the palace was full of beautiful women and antiques. However, Emperor Yang Di was still not satisfied and kept asking. At the same time, the people couldn't stand it, which led to the demise of the Sui Dynasty. I (the emperor claimed) witnessed all this with my own eyes, so I worked hard day and night, hoping that I would be innocent and wise and make the world peaceful. Therefore, the military service system can not prevail, and the grain harvest is bumper every year, and the people live and work in peace and contentment. Governing a country is like planting a tree. A few don't sway, and the branches are flourishing. If the monarch is wise, how can people be unhappy? "
2. Sima Guang, a classical Chinese text with clear rewards and punishments translated by Emperor Taizong, recorded in "A Mirror with Resources" that Emperor Taizong had given 18 ministers 26 times.
Wei Zhi, the admonition doctor, received the most awards, with eight awards, including 65,438+0,900 silks, 400 yuan, 65,438+0 golden jars and 65,438+00 gold, and two horses per room. After Wei Zhi's death, Emperor Taizong ordered officials above Grade 9 to come to mourn and personally wrote an inscription for him.
He said to the ministers: "People can take copper as a mirror, clothes as clothes, history as a mirror, know the rise and fall, and people as a mirror to know the gains and losses; Wei Zhi is dead, and I am a dead mirror! Using copper as a mirror can straighten clothes; Taking the past dynasties as a mirror, we can know the truth of the country's prosperity; Take people as a mirror, you can understand your own gains and losses. I often keep these three mirrors to prevent myself from making mistakes. Now that Wei Zhi has passed away, I have lost a mirror! ) "defeated the general of the East Turkistan, Li Jing, was rewarded twice, with three thousand silks, and the number of food cities increased to five hundred. He was also appointed as Dr. Zuo Guanglu. Yu Zhining and Kong assisted as dry princes, and made many remonstrances, each offering 65,438+0 Jin of gold and 500 silks.
Ashnashe (Turkic) was the chief officer who conquered Gaochang. After Gaochang was pacified, all the generals were rewarded. Because there was no order from the emperor, he didn't accept the reward. After receiving the imperial edict from the emperor, only some old and weak servants and defective products were accepted. Emperor Taizong attached great importance to his honesty and prudence, and gave him a treasure knife seized from Gaochang, 1000 variegated colored silk.
Emperor Taizong not only rewarded court officials and military generals, but also attached great importance to rewarding grassroots officials. In November of the third year of Zhenguan (A.D. 629), the envoy sent by Emperor Taizong arrived in Liangzhou (now Wuwei City, Gansu Province), saw that Governor Li Daliang had a very good eagle and suggested giving it to the emperor. Li Daliang disagreed and told Taizong that you refused to hunt, but the messenger asked for an eagle, contrary to your claim. If the emissary takes the initiative, it means that you are not employing people properly.
Emperor Taizong was very happy to see the secret watch. He praised Li Daliang for his honesty and integrity, so he gave him his own Hu Ping and Xun Yue's book Han Ji. In the 14th year of Zhenguan (AD 640), at the beginning of October, Emperor Taizong wanted to go hunting in the same state, passing through Liyang County (now yanliang district), and the county magistrate Liu advised Emperor Taizong to postpone the autumn harvest for a few days, so as not to affect the farming season. Emperor Taizong deeply appreciated it, gave him a seal script, and soon promoted him to make an order of Xin 'an County.
Emperor Taizong will be rewarded for his meritorious deeds and punished for his mistakes. Most of the officials he rewards belong to upright and honest people, while the main punishments are those who are rebellious, corrupt, dereliction of duty and flattery.
According to the record of "Tongzhijian", dozens of officials were punished by him, including ministers who made meritorious deeds, cronies and relatives. Hou was an important general who assisted Taizong to establish the world, launched the change of Xuanwu Gate and led the army to conquer it. He used to be the minister of the Ministry of War, but he was executed together with Zhao Ke, the nephew of Emperor Taizong, because of his participation in rebelling against the Prince.
In the first month of the nineteenth year of Zhenguan, Emperor Taizong went to Liaodong and appointed Wei Ting to be responsible for transporting rations. However, due to his dereliction of duty, more than 600 military ships carrying grain ran aground in Lvsitai and were sent to Luoyang for dismissal.
Cangzhou secretariat debated corruption and bribery, and Taizong ordered people to personally supervise the implementation. In September of the sixth year of Zhenguan (AD 623), Wei Chijingde, the secretariat of Tongzhou, attended a banquet of Emperor Taizong. He saw a man sitting in front of him and said angrily, "What contribution have you made, sitting on me?" Li Daozong, the cousin of Emperor Taizong, sat under him and tried to persuade him. Wei Chijingde not only refused to buy, but also almost blinded Li Daozong.
Emperor Taizong was very angry and said to him, you have repeatedly broken the law, don't do it yourself; National discipline can only be maintained by rewards and punishments, and there cannot always be excessive partiality. You should reflect and correct yourself, and don't leave any regrets. Since then, Wei Chijingde has been afraid and restrained.
In the winter of the 19th year of Zhenguan (AD 645), Emperor Taizong led the army of the Northern Expedition to Yizhou (where he ruled in Yixian County, Hebei Province). Sima Chen presented the vegetables grown in the greenhouse to the emperor. Emperor Taizong thought it was flattering and dismissed Sima Chen. From the actions of Tang Taizong in governing the country and managing officials, it can be seen that he has a clear love and hate, and the system is strict. Those who have contributed to the country will never be stingy with money and reward them. Those who plot rebellion will be punished; Those who embezzle, accept bribes and neglect their duties should be killed, removed from their names and their property confiscated; Sniff at flatterers and cut off their official positions.
Emperor Taizong used the actual executive power to manage the country and officials, which produced a good way to govern the country and left valuable experience for future generations.
3. There is a classical Chinese article like this. Regarding Emperor Taizong, please help me find "My teacher is not far away".
Courtier Woods said: "I am now in the collection of Emperor Yang Di. I know that I am Yao Shun, not a unruly person, but how can I make a violation!" Wei Zhi said to him, "Although a man is a saint, he still deserves the trust of others. Therefore, the wise offer their plans, and the brave do their best. Emperor Yang Di relied on his talents and was proud of his usefulness. Therefore, he betrayed Yao Shun's words and made a trip as a traitor, which he never knew or even degenerated. " He said: "The past is not far away, I belong to a teacher."
Interpretation: On the fifth day of March in the second year of Zhenguan, Emperor Taizong said to the courtiers: "I have read the book Yang Di Ji, which is profound in words and profound in knowledge. Yang Di also affirmed Yao Shun and denied Xia Jie and Shang Zhou. Why did he do the opposite? " Wei Zhi replied: "As the head of a country, although he is smart and knowledgeable, he should not be complacent and accept other people's opinions. In this way, talented people can give you advice, and courageous people can do their best for you. Emperor Yang Di was arrogant and self-righteous with his extraordinary wisdom. Therefore, he talked a lot about benevolence, righteousness and morality, but he did evil things that harmed the people, such as jealousy and foreigners, and he was unconscious at all, which led to being overthrown and eliminated. " Emperor Taizong said: "The deeds of Emperor Yang Di are not far away from now, and they have just become our negative teachers."
4. The full-text translation of "On Governing the Country by Emperor Taizong" Emperor Taizong said to the courtiers: "In the past (Yang Di) just made its capital, and there were no beautiful women and strange things in the palace. Emperor Yang Di was still dissatisfied and crusaded against things. He used all his strength to wage war, and the people were miserable, which led to their demise. I saw all this with my own eyes. Therefore, I work tirelessly from morning till night, just hoping to be clean and quiet, and make the world safe. In this way, we can stop corvee, harvest food and live and work in peace and contentment. Governing the country is like planting trees. Only when the foundation is unshakable will it flourish. The emperor can be quiet, how can people not live and work in peace and contentment?
Original text:
(Tang) Emperor Taizong said to the courtiers: "In the past, the capital was flat, there were few beautiful women in the palace, and there was no dissatisfaction in the courtyard. Yang-ti's intentions are still unfinished, and he does not seek merit. His belligerence and people's poverty led to his demise. This is what I saw. So, I work hard at night, but I want to be clean, so there is nothing in the world. As a result, the corvee is not prosperous, and the crops are abundant in one year, and the people are happy. Governing a country is like planting a tree. Roots do not shake, branches and leaves flourish. If it can be clean, how can the people be uneasy? "
5. What does the story of Emperor Taizong's discussion on bows (in classical Chinese) tell us? It is said that Prince Shao Shi ② Xiao Ri: "I don't have many good bows and arrows, but I have more than ten good bows. I claimed that I couldn't add them, and I was close to showing that I was an excellent archer. I asked him why, and I said,' The heart is not right, and the pulse is evil. Although my bow is strong, my arrow is not straight.' Therefore, Jing Guan stayed in the Chinese book for more than five grades, asking about people's sufferings and the gains and losses of political affairs. Emperor Taizong said to Xiao Yu, "When I was young, I liked to play with bows and arrows, thinking that I could fully understand the mystery. Recently, I got dozens of good bows to show to the craftsmen. They said,' These are not good materials.' I asked them why, and the craftsmen said. Although the bow is hard and powerful, it can't be sent forward when shooting, so it's not a good bow.' I just began to understand this truth. I thought I had settled the four directions and used my bow for a long time, but I still couldn't understand the truth. Besides, I haven't mastered politics for a long time, and I don't understand the meaning of this truth. I can't compare with my understanding of bow, and I still can't get the understanding of bow, let alone the truth of governing the country? "From then on, every time Emperor Taizong summoned officials and introspective officials with more than five items in Beijing, he asked them to sit down and talk with them, asked about things around the country, tried to understand the needs and unwanted things of the people, the gains and losses in political education, and told us that he was a very enlightened monarch and could think of the people.