Night berth near Fengqiao
Author: Zhang Ji
Crows fell on the moon, crowed coldly, slept on maple trees, and slept in fishing lanes by the river.
In the lonely Hanshan Temple outside Suzhou, the bell that rang in the middle of the night reached the passenger ship.
A night-mooring near maple bridge is really a great poem! There is nothing wrong with the original text. I'll tell you what to do! First of all, a night stop near Fengqiao, get to the point! Time: It's autumn, when the maple leaves are red, and it's an autumn night. Event: At that time, I berthed at Hanshan Temple by boat. Then, poetry is a dynamic picture, recording the changes of time! ! ! The whole poem fully shows the whole process of Hanshan Temple in Bozhou. Dynamic and static combination, one bright and one dark, from far and near, from evening to midnight, from Qiao Feng to Hanshan Temple, and finally to the temple in the middle of the night, the whole scene is described, from scenery to people, and the scene blends.
"The moon sets and the sky is full of frost."
Point out that the time is autumn evening. At this time, the moon has come out slightly and landed in the sky. Crows crow in the evening, ready to return to their nests. In autumn night, first frost is full of sky, and the autumn wind is bleak and cold.
"Jiang Feng fell asleep on fire."
It has been pointed out that the maple leaves on the riverside are red, and the lights of fishing boats moored on the riverside are red, reflecting each other from a distance. "Jiang Feng" and "Fishing Fire", the lights are swaying, one is static and one is moving, one is dark and one is bright, one is on the river and the other is moving. People can't help feeling autumn sorrow. What a sleepless night tonight! And it's true … I'm still boating on the river, and I can't reach Hanshan Temple until midnight!
"Hanshan Temple outside Gusu City, the bell rings at midnight to the passenger ship."
It is pointed out that boating on the river from evening till midnight, and finally arriving at Hanshan Temple outside Gusu City on time at midnight.
As we know, ancient people had to walk for half a day to reach the distant mountain when they saw the mountain, and it was even more difficult to row a boat. From evening till midnight, it took almost half a day to arrive at Hanshan Temple to dock, just as the midnight bell rang.
Under the echo of the ethereal midnight bell, at this moment, the passenger ship finally docked at the shore of the temple. This "arrival" is symmetrical with the "Hanshan Temple", and it is "to the passenger ship", not "the bell rings". This "arrival" is the crowning touch of the whole poem, and there is a sigh. After a long journey and all kinds of difficulties, I finally reached the other side of the temple, relaxed, put everything down and became a Buddha! It is also the author's inner portrayal at that time.
In January of the 14th year of Tang Tianbao, An Shi Rebellion broke out. Because the political situation in Jiangnan was relatively stable at that time, many scribes fled to Jiangsu and Zhejiang to avoid chaos, and Zhang Ji, the author of this poem, was no exception. The poet arrived in Suzhou in spring, but the situation was turbulent and he didn't go to town. He traveled all the way to Suzhou until the autumn night, when the poet Zhang Jicai spent the night in Hanshan Temple outside Suzhou. The beautiful scenery of autumn night in Jiangnan water town attracted the traveler with travel worries and made him write this poem with clear artistic conception. The whole poem begins with "sadness" and ends with "arrival", which completely and truly reflects the author's sad, lonely, finally stable and relaxed travel mood in the past period of escaping from the war.
Since Ouyang Xiu, this poem has been controversial and full of doubts. Ouyang Xiu believes that there is no such thing as ringing a bell in the middle of the night. Others questioned that it was one o'clock in the morning and the sky was full of first frost. Why does the passenger ship arrive in the middle of the night and the frost can only be spread on the floor? How can it frost? Others question whether "Wuti" is Wuti Mountain, Wuti Town or Wuti Bridge. The moon setting on Wuti Mountain should be midnight. Others question how crows crow in the middle of the night. Others questioned how crows crowed at sunset in the morning. Others questioned whether the ship was parked on the river, under Qiao Feng Bridge or under Hanshan Temple. Others questioned how "Jiangfeng Fishing Fire", Shiqiao and Yuhuo were worried about not sleeping. They thought that there might be two bridges, namely "Jiangqiao" and "Qiao Feng", and later "Qiao Feng" was renamed "Qiao Feng". Others think that worrying about sleeping means worrying about sleeping on the mountain, which is an isolated mountain. Some people think that since the fisherman took the lantern, he can't talk about the word "sleep". And so on.
This poem has far-reaching influence and is widely circulated. The "Midnight Bell" in Hanshan Temple became an eternal poetic image. Later poets moved around Qiao Feng and Hanshan Temple to listen to the bell and realize Zen. "Every Japanese literati, salty see lu, see often speak Hanshan Temple; Let's just say that a three-foot child cannot be a poet in his country. " Japan listed this poem as the first Chinese textbook, and many tourists came to Hanshan Temple from Japan.
A poem is told through the ages, making a poet. Zhang Ji spent the night near Fengqiao, and what's more, spending the night near Fengqiao created Zhang Ji. A poet, whose poems are more famous than poets! At the same time, this poem is also well known by people and was written by Zhang Ji.
postscript
Why does Hanshan Temple ring the bell at midnight?
Midnight, why is it called midnight? It is the night watchman who patrols the ancient city in the middle of the night and knocks on the street to remind people to be careful of the midnight candle. If someone finds someone holding a clear oil lamp in the middle of the night, they will knock on the door to remind them to turn off the lights. Later, this custom continued. Although kerosene lamps are used, the night watchman plays a role in warning thieves and patrolling in the middle of the night. So, in the Tang Dynasty, temples rang bells in the middle of the night, which was an ancient custom of using lights at that time. Later, after investigation, many temples outside Suzhou have the habit of ringing bells at night, which is called "midnight bell", which has the same effect as playing one more clock at night.