Name: Narcissus
Latin scientific name: narcissus
English name: daffodil
* is actually a taxonomic name, but it has long been widely used as the English name of narcissus by people all over the world.
People in China usually think that narcissus mainly refers to narcissus varieties. A big variety of China.
Chinese aliases: Ling Boxian, Jinzhan Yintai, Luoshen ChristianRandPhillips, Yulinglong, Jinyintai, Yao Nvhua, Nvshi Hua,
Onion, garlic, Chinese narcissus, garlic, lily, actress, snowflake, etc.
In addition to the common white narcissus, there is also a yellow variety called small narcissus.
Scientific classification:
Domain: Eukaryotic domain
Field: the plant kingdom in the plant kingdom
Door: angiosperm magnolia door
Class: monocotyledonous Liliaceae
Objective: Asparagus plants of Liliaceae.
Family: Amaryllidaceae.
Genus: Narcissus
Morphological characteristics of perennial herbs of Amaryllidaceae. The bulbs in the underground part are onion-shaped, ovoid to wide ovoid, and covered with a brown skin. Leaves are long and narrow, planted in two rows. Scapes are hollow and oblate. Usually, each ball has several scapes, many of which can reach more than 10, and each scape can reach more than 10, forming an umbrella.
Because most of them are nourished by water, and the leaves are beautiful, the flowers are rich, and the posture is elegant, so they have the nickname of "Ling Boxian". Narcissus is mainly distributed in warm and humid areas along the southeast coast of China, with Zhangzhou, Xiamen and Chongming Island in Shanghai being the most famous. Narcissus is a herbaceous flower, also known as Jinyintai, Yulinglong, Ya garlic and so on. It originated in China, Fujian and Zhejiang, and now it has spread all over the country and all over the world. Narcissus has become one of the world-famous indoor and garden furnishings in winter because of its beautiful flowers, green leaves, fragrant flowers, exquisiteness and elegance.
[Edit this paragraph] The classification of narcissus
There are more than 800 species of this genus in the world, among which 10 has extremely high ornamental value. Narcissus is native to central Europe, Mediterranean coast and North Africa. Narcissus is a variety of narcissus in China, named Narcissus variety. Taxus China.
China was cultivated in the Tang Dynasty more than 1300 years ago, which won people's love and was one of the top ten famous flowers in China. Narcissus is distributed in the southeast coastal areas of China, with Chongming County in Shanghai and Zhangzhou in Fujian being the most famous. Hundreds of years ago, daffodils were also produced in Suzhou and Jiading. In addition to the common white narcissus, there is also a yellow variety called small narcissus. Narcissus has a long history of cultivation in Europe. Since 1930s, the Netherlands, Belgium, Britain and other countries have done a lot of work in daffodil breeding and variety improvement. At present, there are 26,000 cultivated varieties, and new varieties are born every year. The cultivation of daffodils in China began at the end of 19.
On June 9, 2006, Zhang Bingchun, a citizen of Lianyungang, Jiangsu, China, cultivated daffodils with different colors, such as red, yellow, blue and green, so it is also called colored daffodils.
There are two main daffodils in China:
(1) Single petal type: the corolla is blue and white, the calyx is yellow, the perianth is 6 petals, and there is a cup-shaped golden crown in the middle, so it is called "Golden Lantern Jade Platform", also known as "Glass Narcissus", and the flowering period is about half a month; If the vice crown is white and the flowers are leafy and thin, it is called "Yinzhanyutai".
Double daffodil (2) Double (double): double flowers, white, perianth 12, rolled into a cluster. The corolla is pale yellow at the lower end and pale white at the upper end, without obvious secondary crown. It is called "Narcissus" or "Yulinglong", and the flowering period is about 20 days. The flower shape is not as beautiful as a single petal, and the aroma is also poor. This is a variety of narcissus.
In addition, it is divided into Zhangzhou narcissus and Chongming narcissus according to the origin. Narcissus usually refers to Zhangzhou narcissus. Zhangzhou daffodils are best planted at the foot of the garden. The morning sun in Zhangzhou shines on the flower field at the foot of the mountain, and the afternoon sunset is blocked by the round mountain, which is a natural barrier that is warm in winter and cool in summer. At the foot of the mountain, tributaries and valleys of Jiulong River crisscross, and water resources are sufficient; The soil in the flower field is soft and sandy loam; In addition, there are hot springs in the geology, which can maintain a suitable ground temperature even in the cold season. Narcissus grows in such a superior environment, so its characters are excellent.
Medicinal value of daffodils
narcissus
Alias daffodil
Narcissus from Narcissus of Amaryllidaceae, whose bulbs are used as medicine. Harvest in spring and autumn, wash away the sediment, blanch, slice and dry or use it sparingly.
Bitter, pungent and cold in nature. A little poisonous.
Function: clearing away heat and toxic materials, dispersing stagnation and reducing swelling. It is used for treating parotitis, carbuncle, swelling and heat pain in the early stage of carbuncle.
Usage and dosage: 3 ~ 4 yuan. Apply appropriate amount externally, and mash the fresh product and apply it to the affected area.
Excerpted from the National Collection of Chinese Herbal Medicine
The legend of narcissus
Legend of China:
Legend has it that daffodils are the incarnations of Yao Emperor's daughters E Huang and Nv Ying. They are all married to Shun. Their elder sister is a queen and their younger sister is a princess. Their relationship is very good. Shun died in southern China and fell in love with Xiangjiang River. God took pity on their loved ones, so he turned their souls into daffodils by the river, and they became the flower gods of daffodils in December.
Legend has it that there was a kind peasant woman in Yuanshan, Caiban Village, Zhangzhou City, Fujian Province, who helped beggars who were hungry and cold. The beggar used to be a fairy, spraying his food around the house, and then he planted a daffodil with a golden lamp and a silver platform.
Western legends:
Narcissus is the English for narcissus, and narcissism is the English for narcissists. This is a Greek myth that connects the two.
1。 Narcissus is a beautiful boy in Greek mythology. His father is a river god and his mother is a fairy. After Narcissus was born, his mother got a prediction: when he grows up, Narcissus will be the most beautiful man in the world; However, he will eventually be depressed because of his infatuation with his appearance. In order to escape the fulfillment of the Oracle, Narcissus' mother specially arranged for her son to grow up in the mountains, away from streams, lakes and the sea, so that Narcissus would never see his face. As his mother wished, Narcissus grew up quietly in the mountains. As predicted by the Oracle, he was handsome and became the most beautiful man in the world. All the girls who have seen him are deeply in love with him. However, Narcissus is arrogant and no woman can get his love. He only likes hunting in the mountains with friends all day, and he despises girls who are single-minded to him.
Echo, the mountain god, fell in love with Narcissus at first sight, but she couldn't express her feelings and could only simply repeat other people's voices. Narcissus ignored her infatuation. Narcissus had a heart of stone and broke her heart. She asked Venus to punish him and make him suffer. Melancholy, expectation and nothing made her leave her former partner and walk into the forest aimlessly. Here, her sadness is increasing day by day, her face is haggard, she disappears from the mountains, but her gentle voice always lingers in the valley. If you walk in the silent forest, she will respond to your voice. This is the echo of the mountain god.
The cold stone heart of Narcissus broke the girl's heart. Nemesis, the goddess of retribution, couldn't stand it anymore and decided to teach him a lesson. One day, Narcissus was hunting in the wild, and it was extremely hot. Soon, he was sweating profusely. Just then, the breeze blew, filled with coolness, and he went with the wind. Strolling through it, the oncoming lake is as clear as a mirror. For Nassau, this lake is very strange. Narcissus went and sat by the lake, trying to reach out and touch the lake to see what it looked like. Who knows that when he fixed his eyes on the mirror-smooth lake, he could not help but be amazed by a perfect face. Narcissus thought, who is this beautiful woman? It's really beautiful. Staring at it for a while, he found that when he waved to the beauty in the water, the beauty in the water waved to him; When he smiles at the beauty in the water, the beauty in the water smiles back at him; But when he reached out to touch the beauty, the beauty disappeared at once; When he withdrew his hand, a short time later, the beautiful woman appeared again and looked at him affectionately. Of course, Narcissus did not know that it was his reflection that appeared on the lake. He fell in love with his reflection. In order not to like the people who lost the lake, he guarded the lake day and night, and the days passed day by day. Narcissus stayed by the lake without sleeping or eating, and was willing to be the patron saint of beauty in his heart. Sometimes he rests by the lake, and sometimes he wanders on the shore, but his eyes are always inseparable from the reflection in boiling water. He always stares at the lake. Finally, the Oracle came true. Narcissus sat by the lake and died because he was caught by his fans.
The fairies were heartbroken and rushed to the lake to bury Narcissus' body properly. But the lake where Narcissus once sat was empty except for a bunch of strange flowers. It turned out that the god of love pitied Narcissus and turned him into a daffodil, which bloomed where there was water and made him look at his reflection forever. Those strange little flowers are beautiful and free from vulgarity, proud and lonely. In memory of narcissus, fairies named this flower narcissus, also called narcissus. This is why daffodils always grow at the water's edge. Because of this story, people use narcissism to describe those who like their looks very much and have narcissistic tendencies.
2。 Another version said that the swamp fairy took a fancy to him. When she made friends with him, he saw his reflection in the swamp fairy's eyes. He wanted to see it again, so the swamp fairy lied to her that it was her soul and lured her into her own world. Kill him in the swamp.
3。 It is also said that Narcissus had a twin sister. They had a good relationship, but his sister passed away very early. Narcissus misses her very much. One day, he saw himself in the pond and thought it was his sister. He stayed there for a long time and refused to leave, so that he finally died by the pond.
Note: This legend refers to the European narcissus, which is the same species as the Chinese narcissus.
Narcissus tells everyone in particular that narcissus is one of the top ten famous flowers in China, and it is the best product of China people. Every new year, people like to clean up the water supply fairy and decorate it as an annual flower. Because daffodils are only supported by clear water, they don't need soil cultivation. Its roots, such as silver silk, are spotless; Its leaves are green and bright; Its flowers, such as golden lamps and silver platforms, are elegant, beautiful, white and lovely, fragrant and long-lasting. This precious flower has already traveled all over the country, and has a long-standing reputation and is famous all over the world. She brought the spring of our country, the friendship and good wishes of our people, and won the reputation of "Zhangzhou is full of daffodils".
Chinese narcissus is a perennial herb of Lycopodiaceae and Narcissus. Its bulb is shaped like onion and garlic, which was called "elegant garlic" in the Six Dynasties and "heavenly onion" in the Song Dynasty. After that, people gave her many smart and beautiful names, such as Golden Lantern, Yintai, Lillian, Yake, actress and so on. There are many beautiful and moving folk stories and legends about daffodils here.
It is said that in the Song Dynasty, a Fujian-born Beijing official retired to another country. When he returned to his hometown in Zhangzhou by boat, he saw a kind of aquatic plants with fragrant small white flowers growing by the river, so he asked someone to collect some and take them back for cultivation. According to the genealogy of Zhang family in Caiban Township; During the Jingtai period of the Ming Dynasty, their ancestor Zhang Guanghui was studying in Kyoto, and one winter he asked for leave to go back to his hometown. He sailed through Jishui, Jiangxi Province, and found green leaves, yellow and white flowers and fragrant wildflowers on the water near the shore, so he picked them and planted them in Caiban to make them grow into new flowers.
Legend has it that Chongming narcissus comes from Fujian. It was in the Tang Dynasty. Tianhou hoped that her imperial garden would blossom at the same time, but the gods dared not disobey her orders. Of course, the sixth sister of Narcissus in Fujian is no exception, and she was forced to go to Chang 'an in the west. My little sister doesn't want to bloom for the queen alone. She only passed through the Yangtze River estuary and saw a piece of pure land in the middle of the river, so she slipped down on Chongming Island. Therefore, Fujian narcissus blooms five times and Chongming narcissus blooms one time.
Narcissus was paid attention to and loved by people as early as the Song Dynasty. According to the Records of Zhangzhou Prefecture, when Zheng He went to Nanyang in the early Ming Dynasty, Zhangzhou narcissus had been shipped abroad as a famous flower. "Water is strange when it is open, but it is bone when it is heavy, and muscle when it is heavy." Narcissus is usually planted in delicate shallow pots, however, it is also very simple and has a simple life. With proper sunshine and temperature, a few stones can take root and sprout with only a spoonful of water. In the cold winter, flowers wither, but daffodils are full of leaves, which is better than pine, bamboo and plum. Therefore, countless literati in the past dynasties wrote poems for daffodils and presented many beautiful chapters.
There are two main varieties of daffodils: one is a single petal with a bluish-white corolla and a yellow calyx, with a golden corolla in the middle, which is like a calyx and fragrant, so it is called "Yutai Jinzhan", and the flowering period is about half a month; The other is a double petal, in which more than ten petals are rolled into a cluster. The corolla is pale yellow at the lower end and pale white at the upper end, with no obvious crown. It is called "Bai Ye Narcissus" or "Yulinglong" and its flowering period is about 20 days. The distribution of daffodils is rare, only at the foot of the round mountain, one of the eight scenic spots in Zhangzhou, because there are unique conditions here: the round mountain blocks the scorching sun, and the sunshine in shady places is short, which creates favorable conditions for the cultivation of daffodils. There is a local song that says, "There are eighteen sides of the Garden Mountain, with princes on one side and narcissus heads on the other."
Every Spring Festival, the carving art of narcissus bonsai created by skilled craftsmen can be opened in a predetermined period according to people's wishes, adding a lot of luster to festivals, birthdays, weddings, welcoming guests and celebrations. Vivid, full of vitality and intriguing. No wonder people praise the green and white daffodils, asking little, just a pot of water, not caring about the shortness of life, the "trauma" of leaves, and the "humiliation" of cold, always leading a clean life and bringing green and warm life to the world.
[Edit this paragraph] Propagation and cultivation of bulbs
summary
China daffodils need to be planted for 2-3 years to blossom. Cultivation in September-June, autumn 10, leaf withering in May of the following year, and dormant as bulbs in June, during which bulbs continue to carry out physiological and biochemical activities. Breeding with lateral balls, digging balls after the dormancy period of the second year, and after the storage period, the big balls bloom in winter, generally L balls and L branches, such as Chongming Narcissus on the market. Propagation with lateral buds, digging balls after dormancy in the second year, planting in autumn and flowering in winter, is also an L-ball L-branch flower. From the seeds planted for 65,438+0 years (spanning 2 years) and the seeds planted for 2 years (spanning 3 years), the large and excellent seeds were selected as seeds, castrated in autumn, replanted and carefully cultivated. In the second year, 1 bulb with lateral bulbs and multi-branched flowers can be obtained, that is, commercial bulbs.
The growth and development stages of narcissus (such as vegetative growth stage, bulb expansion stage, flower bud differentiation stage and flowering stage) need different environmental conditions. Its roots, stems, leaves and flowers have different requirements for environmental conditions. Narcissus likes cold climate during its growing period, with the optimum temperature of 10-20℃ and the minimum temperature of 0℃. Bulbs swell in spring and flower buds differentiate at high temperature (above 26℃) after drying. After dormancy, bulbs can grow roots at high temperature, but they will not grow leaves, and they will grow leaves with the decrease of temperature. When the temperature is about 6- 10℃, the flower moss will be drawn. During flowering, if the temperature is too high, the flowers will not bloom well or wither. When the temperature is suitable, it likes light and is more resistant to shade. For cultivated flowering bulbs, long-term light can inhibit the growth of leaves and help flowers to elongate, which is higher than leaves. In the growing period, it is rich in water, and it will grow poorly without water. It needs to be fully dried in the late growth stage, otherwise it will affect bud differentiation. The soil should be loose, soft, neutral or slightly acidic.
★ Warning: Poisonous plants
This species is a poisonous plant included in China Botanical Atlas Database, and its toxicity is that the whole plant is poisonous, and the bulb is more toxic. After eating by mistake, there are vomiting, abdominal pain, weak pulse, cold sweat, diarrhea, irregular breathing, elevated body temperature, lethargy, collapse and so on. In severe cases, convulsions and paralysis can lead to death. Bulb soaking solution has a strong exciting effect on the uterus of guinea pigs, rabbits and cats, which can make pigeons vomit. The LD50 of narcissus alkaloids injected intraperitoneally in mice was 65438 0.82 mg/kg. After intramuscular injection of 16 mg/kg, the dog showed reduced activity, no food and partial death.
The flowers, branches and leaves of narcissus are poisonous, so beware of children eating by mistake.
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