First, it expresses the ideal ambition and persistent pursuit of defending the country and making achievements, and permeates a spirit of longing for the world, being proactive and optimistic.
In Gao and Cen's frontier poems, this positive and enterprising feeling runs through from beginning to end. "Gao Shi" is full of dust in the north, and Lu rides in the south. Always be grateful and ready to help others "We must use long-term strategies, and men should not take care of themselves"; Wanli is willing to die, once successful. Draw a picture of Kirin Pavilion and enter Mingguang Palace. "Aim high. Cen Can: "Wan Li wants nothing more than to serve the king." "Achievements must be timely, and the loose-packed. Men are loyal, and Wan Li forgets his hometown. " "fame only takes the eyes. It's really a hero who makes a husband. "The heroic spirit. They all expressed their great ambition to serve the country and make meritorious deeds. However, due to the contradiction and gap between ideal and reality, they also have their own inexperience and sigh: "Whoever has no pity for jade will come back with a long sword alone." "I have been doing public security planning in the early days and have never been pregnant. "However, they have not given up their persistent pursuit of ideals and ambitions. The feelings of serving the country and making contributions have always dominated their behavior and creation.
Second, eulogize the heroic spirit of frontier fortress soldiers who are brave in danger and bravely kill the enemy, showing strong patriotism and national pride.
For example, Gao Shi's Ge Yanxing: "The northeastern border of China is dark and filled with smoke and dust. In order to repel the barbaric invaders, our generals left their homes. Stride forward together, looking like heroes should watch, and received the emperor's most cordial favor. They walked through the elm pass with the sound of gongs and drums. They waved a row of flags around the stone tablet. Until their captain in Shahai gave the order with feathers, the hunting fire of the Tatar chieftain flashed along the Wolf Mountain. ..... "Soldiers are still in the front line, dressed in rags", far away from their relatives in their hometown, even though their wives and children are heartbroken, they still go to the battlefield without hesitation. Are they ruthless? Don't! Because this is a "broken thief" to defend the country. Patriotism is the driving force for them to embark on a journey, and it is the horn that inspires them to fight bravely with the enemy. The fighting conditions were extremely difficult, and they still fought bravely with high morale. The generals' ineffective command and careless underestimation of the enemy made the soldiers trapped in a tight encirclement, making them "not safe after this battle", but they did not give up and still "killed three slaughterhouses a day", hoping to fight the enemy to the death: "Until Jian Qing in white sees blood again, when death becomes a responsibility, who will stop to consider reputation?" Gu Xun once again sublimated the patriotic realm of soldiers.
The Journey to the West, Cen Can: It focuses on the harsh environment and sinister situation of the frontier fortress. "On the night of September, there was a cold wind blowing on the wheel tower, and the valley was full of pecking-like broken boulders, which walked with the wind and littered the ground ..." It described the hard life of the soldiers, the overwhelming military strength and overwhelming momentum of the enemy, and praised the heroic spirit of the soldiers who fought bloody battles and died.
Thirdly, Gao and Cen's frontier poems have the same tragic style.
Yan Yu, a poet in the Song Dynasty, said: "Gao and Cen's poems are tragic and touching to read." Amin Hu Yinglin also said: "Gao Cen is tragic." Li said, "I heard about the battle in the desert today, but it was an ancient general." "Didn't you see Ma Chuan, the snowy seashore and the yellow sand flying from the desert, flying to heaven?" The ideal ambition of contributing to the country shown in their poems makes people feel heroic, and the frustration and loss of this ideal ambition in the pursuit of reality makes people feel sad. The strange desert scenery makes people feel magnificent, and the hardships and hardships experienced by the soldiers make people feel sympathy and pity. The integrity of bravely killing the enemy and serving the country makes people feel lofty, the bones stained with blood and buried in the wilderness make people feel sad, and the strong desire for a peaceful life makes people yearn for a better life. In these poems, not only the magnificence in the war is written, but also the bitterness in the war. This coexistence of tragic and sad, and the entanglement of sublime and pain have caused the tragic atmosphere and style of Gao and Cen's frontier poems, giving people a tragic emotional experience. Xin, a poet in the Yuan Dynasty, said that Gao Hecen's poems are "quite similar in style and character, which makes people bold to read"
Although Gao Shi's and Cen Can's frontier poems are similar, their different family backgrounds and life experiences have caused different characteristics of their poetic styles: Gao Shi is tragic and desolate, and Cen Can is tragic and heroic; High-quality narration, realism, discussion, profound thinking and strong realism; Cen's poems are picturesque, lyrical, artistic and romantic. High quality and straightforward expression, simple language; Cen Can is full of feelings in the scenery, with gorgeous language and strange imagination. The following are mainly from the aspects of material selection, lyricism and expression techniques, as well as the differences of Cenbian's poems.
First, the choice of materials is different. Although both of them are frontier poets, both of them focus on "frontier fortress", but there are qualitative differences in material selection and conception.
The profound ideological content and feelings contained in Gao Shi's frontier poems are much more complicated than those of Cen Can. Gao Shi's poems are extensive in content and profound in thought, while Cen Can's poems are relatively simple. Gao Shi's poems, whether describing scenery or lyric, or describing the life of the soldiers and civilians at the bottom, are all aimed at expressing his heavy concern for the country and the people. He often analyzes problems from the perspective of politicians, expresses his political views on frontier fortress in the tone of political theory, and expresses his lofty ambition to serve the country, which is rich in connotation. His "Ge Yanxing" was deeply impressed by Bian Shuai's defeat in the battle, but instead invited merits. The whole poem is based on the national contradiction of "the hunting fire of the Tatar chieftain flashes on the Wolf Mountain" and "but soon the barbarians' horses dashed in the wind and rain", and launched a series of contradictions. Soldiers generously went to the disaster, killed the enemy to serve the country, and stayed: "Until the white sword is seen again, splashing red blood and dying as a bounden duty, who will stop and want to be famous"; Husband is homesick, wife is sad, and can't return for a long time: "still in this southern city, the young wife's heart is broken, while the soldiers on the northern border are looking for their homes in vain"; The bitterness and joy of ordinary soldiers are unbalanced: "half of our men at the front line were killed, but the other half are still alive, and the beautiful girls in the camp are still dancing and singing for them"; Also discuss the reasons for the defeat: the arrogance and extravagance of the frontier commander. Finally, today we named Li, the great general, who lived a long time ago. The poet expressed the frontier soldiers' longing for the protection of excellent generals.
Although Cen Can also aims at "entering the curtain", his poems can only be regarded as a great poet who feels the fighting life and frontier scenery with poetic sensitivity and keen mind. He has a high mood and optimistic spirit, but he lacks the depth of a politician and the feelings of caring for the bottom people. It can be said that this difference is related to the personal life experience and life experience of the creative subject. Cen Can's three generations of ancestors met each other through pen and ink. Although he came from a noble family, he was not as poor as Gao Shi, nor did he get close to the people ideologically and see their sufferings. Therefore, as a writer, he lacks due observation and understanding of the life of the lower class.
Secondly, in terms of lyricism, Gao Shi and Cen Can also showed completely different characteristics.
Gao Shi's poems focus on lyricism. He often expresses his feelings directly or talks with people, so his poems often have strong subjective emotions. Although there are occasional mixed scenery descriptions in lyric, they are all aimed at borrowing scenery to express emotion, so sometimes it seems frugal in scenery description, but it is also quite infectious.
Cen Can's poems focus on describing the magical scenery beyond the Great Wall and all kinds of frontier fortress military life. It can be said that he expressed his feelings in the description, and it can also be said that he contained feelings in the description. Therefore, his poems are often presented objectively, showing colorful life scenes, attracting people with strange ideas, and the author's deep affection is also muddled. The process of changing scenery is also the process of understanding his mind.
Third, there are similarities and differences in artistic styles, and their expressions have their own characteristics.
As far as frontier poems in Tang Dynasty are concerned, Gao is as famous as Cen, and there are many similarities in style, especially their "tragic style". Probably because of the influence of the weather in the prosperous Tang Dynasty at that time, they had a strong ambition to serve the country and make a career with the desire of joining the WTO. In addition, the theme of the frontier fortress, the vast territory beyond the Great Wall, the magnificent scenery, the tragic life of the war troops and the deep feelings contained in the poem are all more obvious, but to different degrees.
Gao Shi's poems are deep and simple in grandeur and tragic; Cen Can's poems are bold and free. Gao Shi often uses contrast and contrast, and his language is vigorous, simple, refined and accurate; Cen Can likes metaphor and exaggeration, and his language is novel and free, showing a strong romantic color. Weng Fanggang said in Zhou Shi's Poems: "The height is thick, and the strangeness is steep." Gao Shi's poems are more generous and sad in desolation. "I am not proud, but I have come and gone." How to toast the whole house? ""Twilight shakes my arm and leans on my sword to mourn the autumn grass. " "For wine to stay drunk, a few years lament tears. "In the sad song, there is an unwilling ambition beating. In Gao Shi's poems, the techniques of comparison and contrast are skillfully used. " The soldiers lived and died in the first half, and there were still beautiful girls singing and dancing for them in the camp. "The contrast between soldiers and generals, fighting for life, indulge in debauchery; In a few words, "desert tobacco, a few surviving watchmen by the lonely wall at sunset" outlined the scene of defeat in the war. Scenery is often written from the big picture, rough and bold.
Cen Can pays attention to observation and is good at describing details. His language is ordinary but novel and unique. "Watch the sunrise on the beach and watch the sunset on the beach." "Pimaxi came back from outer space and flogged a bird to fly." "Wearing armor all night and marching in the middle of the night." Write big background and big scene from details. Cen's poems are full of metaphors and exaggerations. "Like a strong wind in spring, it blows at night and blows open the petals of ten thousand pear trees" is the representative. Cen Can's description of the frontier fortress often plays a foil role. "Didn't you see Ma Chuan, the snowy seashore and the yellow sand flying from the desert, flying to heaven?" The harsh natural environment set off the soldiers' fearlessness.
Fourth, there are different choices for the inheritance of literary heritage.
First of all, Gao Shi's poems are outstanding in inheriting the "style" of Han and Wei Dynasties, but they inherit more traditional art forms, and it seems that breakthroughs and innovations are insufficient. Gao Shi's poetry has always been regarded as "vigorous" by literary critics, and its "vigorous" is quite similar to the "Jian 'an style" in Wei and Jin Dynasties. Its "qi" mainly refers to the thoughts and feelings contained in the works, which is related to the writer's own spirit. Because the writer's spirit is handsome, his poems show a pure and clear spirit in thought and emotion. In the creation of frontier poems, Gao Shi inherited the ancient theme of Yuefu from many traditional styles. Ge Yanxing is a typical example of following the old topic of Yuefu. At the same time, the poems he used are basically in harmony with what he wants to express. However, it borrows these old Yuefu topics. After all, it is a new wine in an old bottle, and the formal restrictions cannot express its rich feelings at will. It is obviously a bit stiff in the expression of art form, giving people an old feeling.
Compared with Gao Shi, Cen Can has more integrated the language styles since the Six Dynasties, and made appropriate innovations in artistic expression forms, which has made considerable achievements. He followed the beautiful and carved style of parallel prose language in the Six Dynasties, and created a beautiful and magnificent style with strange imagination. In Song of Snow, the beautiful metaphor of "blowing open the petals of ten thousand pear trees" transcends simplicity and has a strange imagination, and the words of "freezing" and "turning" in "Our frozen red flag can't fly in the wind" are also ingenious. In addition, he also created a new genre to replace the old Yuefu poems, thus completely breaking through the shackles of the old Yuefu theme in poetry form. Sentences are rugged and unrestrained with the needs of emotional expression. Cen Can's poetry is unique in the poetic world in the prosperous Tang Dynasty.
The similarities and differences between Gao Shi's and Cen Can's frontier poems are obvious. Reading Gao and Cen's frontier poems, we can see that an important and vital literary school should reflect the spirit of the times and express the main theme of the times, and each writer should have his own unique personality. This is the fundamental reason why Gao Shi and Cen Can Frontier Poetry School have permanent charm.