Poetry is divided into metrical poetry and free verse, both of which have their own characteristics, so their reading skills are different. The f
Poetry is divided into metrical poetry and free verse, both of which have their own characteristics, so their reading skills are different. The following is what I collected for you. Welcome to learn from it.
First, the reading skills of metrical poems
Generally speaking, metrical poems refer to China's classical quatrains and five-character and seven-character metrical poems. "Lattice" is the format, "rhyme" is the melody, and the melody includes the level tone and rhyme. Metric poetry has strict requirements on the number of words, sentences, level tone, rhyme and antithesis.
According to the number of words and sentences, poems can be divided into three types, namely, metrical poems, arranged poems and quatrains.
Rhyme: There are five words and seven languages. Five-character rhyme, eight sentences per sentence, five words, * * * forty words. Exclusivity: also known as "long law", there are at least ten sentences, one or two hundred sentences, mostly five words and at least seven words.
Quatrains: Also called "truncated sentences", it means to extract half of the metrical poems. The quatrains are also divided into five words and seven words. Five-character quatrains have four sentences in each sentence, five words in each sentence and twenty words in * * *. Seven-character quatrains have four sentences in each sentence, seven words in each sentence and twenty-eight words in * * *.
1, metrical poems pay attention to leveling, rhyming and antithesis.
Flat tones are determined according to the tones of ancient Chinese. The flat and flat format of regular poems is fixed, forming several formats. "Ping" means "Pingsheng" in ancient Chinese and "Yin Ping" and "Yangping" in modern Chinese. In ancient Chinese, "Nuo" means "rising tone", "falling tone" and "voice". In modern Chinese, it means "rising tone" and "falling tone". The level and level of poetry can diversify the tone and make people sound harmonious and pleasant.
Contradiction means that every two sentences in a couplet are called "couplet", the first sentence is called "couplet" and the second sentence is called "duality", and words with the same nature are juxtaposed in turn, such as noun-to-noun, verb-to-verb, adjective-to-adjective, adverb-to-adverb and so on. There are many kinds of duality.
Rhyme refers to putting words with the same vowel in the same position, usually at the end of a "dual" sentence. Rhyme is one of the indispensable conditions of metrical poetry, and it is also the * * * similarity characteristic that ordinary poetry should have.
In a word, metrical poems pay attention to flatness, antithesis and rhyme, and have their own beauty of rhythm and form.
2. Reciting metrical poems should be marked.
Every metrical poem has a certain number of sentences and the number of words in each sentence. It uses obvious meter to contain concentrated thoughts and feelings. Therefore, before reciting, we should refer to the specific semantics of the poem and divide it into certain paragraphs to express it.
Phrases are similar to beats in music. If there are more words in each phrase, the word density will be smaller. On the other hand, fewer words and higher density will lead to the difference of language flow speed. China's classical poems have regular rhythm and strong sense of rhythm, which are all reflected in the festival. The existence of the festival is an important symbol of metrical poems. Different metrical poems have different bars.
Therefore, drawing a good verse becomes the first step in reciting metrical poems.
The following focuses on the division of five-character quatrains and seven-character quatrains.
Every sentence in China's classical poetry has a certain "pause number" and there are rules to follow. Generally, "five-character poem" means two meals per sentence, two words or one word per meal, mainly a meal in which the third word or the fifth word can be one word. "Seven-character poems" add one to three meals per sentence compared with five-character poems, mainly because the fifth word or the seventh word can be a meal of one word. In fact, the rhythm of metrical poetry mainly lies in the flat and even meter. The arrangement of flat and even meter is combined with "dun", and a certain phrase is formed between dun and dun. Accordingly, we no longer need to define our own language segments. Can't we just divide it according to the above rules? It is true that it is possible to recite according to this law. It can have a strong sense of rhythm, taste and chanting, and sometimes it can effectively point to the eyes of poetry. But sometimes it will destroy the semantic integrity of poetry. So from this perspective, some poems can reduce the number of meals, change five-character poems into one meal, and change seven-character poems into two meals. In this way, the end of the poem can be semantically complete and people can hear it more clearly.
Example: Li Bai's Thoughts on a Quiet Night can be divided into two types:
In the bright moonlight in front of the bed,
Suspected to be-ground-frost.
Look up at the bright moon,
Bow your head-think-hometown.
In front of the second bed-the bright moonlight,
Suspected-frost on the ground.
Look up at the bright moon,
Bow your head-miss home.
Example: "Baidicheng was released in advance"
Once a word-Bai Di-Cai Yun,
Thousands of miles-Jiangling-one day-also.
The two sides of the strait-apes-crows-can't stop,
The canoe has passed-Chung Shan Man.
Ci of the two dynasties-Bai Di-colorful clouds,
Thousands of miles-Jiangling-one day.
On both sides of the strait-apes can't stop crying,
The canoe has passed-Chung Shan Man.
Which of the above five-character poems and seven-character poems is more appropriate can be decided according to the specific situation of the poem. If it is used in the appreciation of ancient poems, the first case can be used a little better, because it can better reflect the metrical features of China's classical poems. In general recitation, dichotomy is good, because dichotomy can reflect the meaning of poetry more completely and clearly, and it will not be too rigid to recite. Especially when the last three words of a poem are an inseparable concept, it is even more necessary to recite it in this way, otherwise it will hurt the meaning because of the shape.
Step 3 keep rhyming
Words with the same vowel sound at the end of a poem are called rhymes. Mayakovski once said, "Without rhythm, poetry will fall apart. Rhyme takes you back to the previous line and tells you to remember it and keep the lines that form a meaning together. " In China's classical poems, rhyme is extremely important. Without rhyme, it is difficult to call it a metrical poem. Rhyme is an important condition for the musicality of poetry language.
For example, "Spring Dawn". This is a metrical poem. When reciting this poem, you should pay attention to pronounce every word clearly and drip out the rhythm of the poem. Each line of poetry can be regarded as three pauses:
Spring sleep/unconsciously/dawn, everywhere/smell/birds singing. Night/rain/sound, flowers fall/know/how much.
When reading "Xiao, Bird, Whistle", the pronunciation should be appropriately prolonged, slightly chanting, so that the audience can feel the beauty of the rhyme of the poem. The first two sentences are what the poet saw when he woke up in the morning. When reciting, he should use a soft and soothing tone and the volume should not be too high. The ending of the word "bird" can rise slightly, which shows that the poet sees a beautiful scene of beautiful spring and flowers. The poet remembered how many flowers had fallen in the garden because of the stormy weather last night. When reading I don't know how many flowers have been folded, you should imagine a garden full of fallen flowers. We can reread the word "fallen flower" and then gradually lower the volume of the word "know how much" to show the poet's regret for the fallen flower.
Second, the recitation skills of free verse
Free verse is a kind of modern popular new poetry. There is no fixed format in terms of word number, sentence number, line number, paragraph number, level tone and rhyme, but there is rhythm and rhyme. When reading, we should pay attention to the following points:
1, grasp the emotional tone of poetry.
Poetry is generally full and rich. Ai Qing said, "A rich and strong feeling for life is the first condition for writing poetry. Without it, you can't start writing poetry. " There is always a certain tendency in the feelings of a poem, either heroic or sad; Either joy, happiness, or indignation, indignation ..., which forms the emotional tone of poetry.
For example, Taiwan Province poet Yu Guangzhong's poem "Homesickness" is a patriotic poem that misses the motherland and longs to return to the mainland. It expresses a strong desire for the reunification of the motherland in the form of a folk song, with a deep and melancholy tone.
2. Clarify the structural level of poetry.
After grasping the tone, we should further analyze the content and structure of poetry and make clear the level of its emotional changes.
For example, the poem "Homesickness" decorates stamps, boat tickets, graves and straits with the writing method of progressive, contrast and contrast among different ethnic groups in China. There are eight "heads" in the short line 16, which shows a distinct sense of rhythm.
3. Use imagination to express the artistic conception of poetry.
Poetry reflects social life in the simplest form, and stimulates readers' imagination through typical pictures to shape artistic images. When reading, you should use rich imagination and clear thinking, which will present "lyrical scenery and affectionate scenery;" Scenery blending, poetic and picturesque vivid image.
For example, Li Bai's poem "Climbing Mount Tianmu in a Dream" has a magnificent artistic conception. When reciting, we should convey our feelings by means of light or heavy, high or heroic, circuitous and slow, step by step, and show the audience the magnificent and colorful images in the poem.
4. Read the rhythm and rhyme of this poem.
Rhythm is the life of poetry, and the language rhythm of a poem full of phonological beauty is composed of stretched syllables, appropriate pauses and changeable tones. Grasping the rhythm is to divide syllables properly in the lines of poetry and express rich and concrete feelings with changeable tones.
Example: the market in the sky in the first paragraph:
Distant/street lamp/sunny,
Like/in the sky/a star,
The sky/stars/lights are on,
Like/burn/countless/street lamps
Beautiful sentences present a wonderful illusion in the air, colorful, colorful and relaxed.
Rhythm brings wonderful reverie to the audience, so we should savor it carefully before reciting it and gradually become an artistic conception.
For example: sunflower
I don't know if the sun is up during the day-
What is the secret? Listen, listen,
It's fun to keep your head down at night-
So curious? demonstration ...
This is a folk poem. The imagination of this poem is novel and peculiar, which can fully show the intelligent and agile thinking characteristics of children, so it is full of innocent and immature childlike interest. This poem personifies sunflowers from the beginning. Asking it an interesting question by "I" is not only a question of "I", but also can arouse the small audience's serious thinking. When reciting these two sentences, the speed should not be too fast, so we should pay attention to the natural pause to arouse the thinking of the small audience. "I don't know/sun/what/secret", the stress of this sentence should fall on "I don't know" and "secret", and the suffixes of "I know" and "what" can be extended appropriately. The second sentence should emphasize "curiosity" and tone, and the end of the word "strange" should be gradually weakened. The third sentence can be combined with children's innocence and love to play, with a light tone and proper rotation of the head and eyes. The last sentence should be in sharp contrast with the third sentence. Speak slowly and gently, and pay attention to the pause, leaving room for association and aftertaste for the small audience. In short, when reciting poetry, we should pay attention to the distinct rhythm and adopt the corresponding speed according to the basic rhythm of the work. Lightly carry your back lightly, and slowly carry the heavy ones calmly. As far as a poem is concerned, the reading speed is not fixed, but varies according to the needs of expressing the content of the work.