Textbook description:
"Borrowing Arrows from Straw Boats" is a famous part of the Battle of Chibi in the Three Kingdoms. Borrowing arrows was deliberately proposed by Zhou Yu (limited to ten days to make 100,000 arrows) , the witty Zhuge Liang saw through it at a glance that it was a harmful plan, but calmly said that "it only takes three days." Later, with help from a foggy day, Zhuge Liang took advantage of Cao Cao's suspicious character and mobilized a few straw boats to lure the enemy. Finally, he borrowed 100,000 arrows and accomplished a miraculous feat.
Teaching requirements:
1. Understand the plot of this lesson and make students realize that the main reason why Zhuge Liang succeeded in "borrowing" arrows was because of his courage, knowledge and resourcefulness.
2. To understand and study texts that focus on recording events, you must grasp the clues of the development of events, clarify their causes, processes and results, and understand the essential meaning of events.
3. Understand the writing method of echoing the beginning and end of the article.
Teaching key points and difficulties:
1. Let students understand the text. On the basis of reading, they can understand that the main reason for Zhuge Liang's success in borrowing arrows is that he was courageous, knowledgeable and resourceful.
2. Be able to understand the echo between the beginning and the end of the article from the characters described in the text.
Teaching process:
1. Introduction to review
1. In this lesson we continue to study "Borrowing Arrows from a Straw Boat". Please recall, what is the reason for "borrowing arrows from a straw boat"?
(Zhou Yu was jealous of Zhuge Liang and used the order to make 100,000 arrows in 10 days to frame Zhuge Liang.)
2. Which sentence in the article points out the reason? Read the first sentence together.
3. What is the result of "borrowing arrows from a straw boat"? Read the last sentence together.
4. What does "magical calculation" mean?
(Amazing wit, ingenious planning, describing foresight, good at estimating objective situations and deciding strategies.)
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Writing on the blackboard: Magical plan:
5. Transition: Where is Zhuge Liang’s magic? What’s so wonderful about it? Let’s continue to learn the process of “borrowing arrows”.
Design intention: Reading teaching must first render the atmosphere - create situations - and introduce the theme. Therefore, in the design of this link, I mainly allow quick access to the text to pave the way for the following teaching.
2. In-depth exploration
1. Learning requirements:
Read paragraphs 6-9 "The process of borrowing arrows" freely, and think about Zhuge Liang's "magical plan" "Where does it show up? Find relevant sentences, read them, and try to write down your feelings.
2. Group discussion
3. Student report:
Where does Zhuge Liang's "magical calculation" manifest itself? What did he calculate? What was he accurate about? ?
Design intention: to set up suspense and pave the way for the next lecture.
Knowing Astronomy:
(1) "At this time, the sky was filled with heavy fog, and it was impossible to see even face to face on the river."
1. What did he calculate? (The sky is full of fog)
Blackboard writing: The sky is full of fog
2. What kind of fog is this? Guide reading
3. Why choose this weather? ?
(Cao Cao couldn’t see anything clearly, and the enemy didn’t know the truth, so Cao Cao didn’t dare to move out easily)
4. Maybe the heavy fog was a coincidence? How do you know it wasn’t a coincidence?
On the first day, no movement was seen from Zhuge Liang; on the second day, there was still no movement from Zhuge Liang; until the fourth watch on the third day, Zhuge Liang secretly invited Lu Su into the boat.
The teacher asked: Why was there no movement from Zhuge Liang on the first and second days?
5. Zhuge Liang was sure that there would be a heavy fog three days ago, so Is he like that-----?
Or: That’s why he was so calm and unhurried in the past two days------
(Confident and unhurried) Guide reading
6. On the third day, how did Zhuge Liang feel when he saw the heavy fog? (Happiness, anticipation) Guide reading
Understand the human heart:
( 3) Zhuge Liang smiled and said: "The fog is so heavy, Cao Cao will not dare... to go back."
When Cao Cao heard the sound of drums and shouts, he ordered: "The fog on the river is very heavy... come closer"
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1. Read this sentence freely. What did he calculate? (Cao Cao must not dare to send troops)
2. Was Zhuge Liang right?
As expected, Cao Cao heard the sound of drums and shouts and ordered: (Quotation) "On the river... approaching."
3. Why did Cao Cao dare not send troops out? (The sky was full of fog, he couldn't see the truth clearly, and he was suspicious by nature)
4. Summary: In this situation where the sky is filled with fog and it is difficult to see clearly what is real and what is true, someone else might have sent troops, but Cao Cao would never send troops because Cao Cao was suspicious by nature. Cao Cao once slept with his sword and killed people in his dreams, even killing Hua Tuo, who was a skilled healer. Because he knew this characteristic of Cao Cao very well, Zhuge Liang was calm and composed at this time, talking and laughing happily.
He smiled and said (read together): "The fog is so heavy... just go back."
5. If you look at this sentence again and put it into context, you will feel that Zhuge Liang is laughing. Who? What are you laughing at? Try to figure it out.
Group discussion
6. Student report: (Laughing at Cao Cao.) Writing on the blackboard: Cao Cao
If you contact Cao Cao, you must not dare to send troops. He is laughing at Cao Cao’s nature. Suspicious and easy to fall into traps.
This is a sarcastic laugh, a contemptuous laugh, this is ridicule. Guided reading
7. Who are you still laughing at? (Laughing at Zhou Yu.) Writing on the blackboard: Zhou Yu
Contacting Zhou Yu originally wanted to harm Zhuge Liang, but now he used the trick and easily took one hundred thousand arrows. After borrowing it back, Zhou Yu
's conspiracy failed.
This is a chic smile, a triumphant smile. Guide reading
8. Who is still laughing? (Laughing at Lu Su) Writing on the blackboard: Lu Su
In light of Lu Su’s surprise, point out that he is laughing at Lu Su’s honesty, honesty and lack of knowledge. .
This is a generous smile and a humorous smile. Guided reading
9. Who are you still laughing at? (Laugh at yourself)
Contact "We just drink and have fun, and go back at dawn."
Laughing out His confidence revealed his confidence, his heroic nature, and his clever calculations. Guided reading
10. Summary: How much content is contained in this smile! His smile has long predicted that Cao Cao did not dare to send troops, and will only rain arrows; it has long been predicted that Zhou Yu will be defeated. Under his hands. This is Zhuge Liang, who is an expert in predicting events, and this is Zhuge Liang, who is a master of scheming!
Understand geography:
(4) Zhuge Liang ordered twenty ships to be connected with ropes and sailed towards the north bank go.
Why connect the boats?
It is to facilitate unified action and avoid getting separated.
(5) Zhuge Liang ordered the bow of the ship to face west and the stern to face east. He also ordered the sergeants on the ship to beat drums and shout loudly.
Why are they spread out?
It not only facilitates unified action and avoids getting separated, but also leaves no space and increases the area where arrows are received.
Why beat drums and shout? It was a bluff, in order to create the illusion of attack and let Cao Jun know the direction of the arrow.
(6) Zhuge Liang ordered the boat to be turned around again, with the bow facing east and the stern facing west. Still beating drums and shouting, he approached Cao Jun's water stronghold to receive arrows.
Why turn the ship around? The bow faces east and the stern faces west?
It can receive arrows from both sides and maintain balance. It also facilitates retreat and saves time.
(7) Cao Cao knew that he had been fooled, but the ship here was sailing smoothly, and it had sailed more than 20 miles, and it was too late to pursue him.
Is it a coincidence that the wind and the water are smooth? What does it mean?
The water of the Yangtze River flows from west to east. Taking advantage of the good wind and the current, twenty boats flew like flying After more than twenty miles back, it was too late for Cao Cao to pursue him.
Writing on the blackboard: The boat is smooth sailing
Design intention: In reading teaching, students should be given full play to their initiative, guide students to explore independently and cooperatively, and guide students to boldly express their ideas and opinions . In this link, I mainly guide students to understand Zhuge Liang's magical calculations from some sentences.
3. Summary
1. Zhuge Liang did not have the ability to control the wind and rain, but he knew astronomy, geography, and people's hearts---------Zhuge Liang as early as three days ago Zhuge Liang had already calculated the heavy fog beforehand; Zhuge Liang thought carefully, calculated the location of the borrowed arrows, and made clever arrangements; Zhuge Liang was so good at predicting the situation that Cao Cao was too suspicious to send troops.
Writing on the blackboard: Know astronomy, geography, and people's hearts
2. Transition: This is a magical plan! No wonder at the end of the article, Zhou Yu sighed and said: "Zhuge Liang's magical plan, I am really better than him." You can't get enough of him!"
3. Imagine how Zhou Yu felt when he said these words? (Admiration, praise----) Guide the reading.
4. For thousands of years, Zhuge Liang’s image has become the embodiment of the wisdom of the Chinese nation. "Borrowing Arrows from a Straw Boat" is just one of them. What other stories do you know about him? For example: How to return the borrowed arrows to Cao Cao?
Another example: Is Zhou Yu really convinced? He What other overt and covert struggles are there between you and Zhuge Liang?
The trick of using the east wind to burn Red Cliff Liu Bei marries San Qi Zhou Yu and Zhuge Liang mourns
5. What other words would you use to praise Zhuge Liang? (Resourceful and resourceful) , predict things like a god, and have extraordinary wisdom ---)
6. Borrowing arrows from a straw boat, every link is related to the success or failure of borrowing arrows, and every detail demonstrates Zhuge Liang's wisdom.
Later, people wrote a poem to praise Zhuge Liang:
Borrowing arrows from a straw boat is unusual, and there is an article on success or failure.
Governor Zhou Yu wanted to frame him, but Mr. Kong Ming dealt with it skillfully.
The astronomical sky is filled with mist, but Cao Cao is familiar with geography.
Have insight into people's hearts and come up with clever plans, and arrows will rain down like rain and you will return home with a full load.
Zhuge Liang’s miraculous calculation has made him famous from generation to generation.
Design intention: to experience Zhuge Liang’s magical calculations again and let Zhuge Liang’s magical calculations remain in the hearts of students.
IV. Expansion
1. There are many unforgettable characters and stories in "The Romance of the Three Kingdoms" ------
2. Students, I hope you will become friends with books, read "The Romance of the Three Kingdoms" after class, draw strength from literature, and feel the charm of literary classics.
Design intention: Teaching materials are just the epitome of excellent culture. Our Chinese teachers’ responsibility is not only to teach teaching materials, but also to extend the knowledge in class to extracurricular. From reading a good article to reading a good book, from reading a good book to reading a good life.
Writing on the blackboard: Borrowing arrows from a straw boat
Understanding astronomy: The sky is full of fog
Knowing geography: Smooth wind and smooth water
Understanding people's hearts: Cao Cao , Lu Su, Zhou Yu
Comments: In this class, in the conversations between teachers and students, in the careful readings and experiences between teachers and students, a living person is shaking the goose feather fan. Zhuge Liang, who talked and laughed happily, knew the weather, the right place, and the people's hearts, was vividly displayed on the page and in the hearts of the students.