The era when Bai Juyi lived and prospered. He is in close contact with Hongzhou Zen Master, who is the Mazu School of Zen. At the beginning of Zen Buddhism, "the normal mind is the Tao", Bian Zhang experienced Zen from the secular, and thought that daily life was the basis for establishing the life of Zen enlightenment. The experience of Zen can not be separated from daily life, and it is the practice of realizing Tao in daily life such as eating and washing dishes. "Buddhism lives in a place where people sit and lie down, eat tea, ask each other questions, and go their own way." (Dahuilu) Pretend to be easy to accept the "normal mind" in Hongzhou Zen and transform the ordinary life into a peaceful, poetic and interesting leisure life. Many of his leisure poems are about trivial matters around him, such as clothes, food and clothing, Dai Lu and so on. And render the leisure of daily life and the fast and comfortable body, so as to pin their spiritual pleasure and achieve the balance and comfort of heart food at night. For example, "pay attention to the world and you will be happy and carefree." Eat all day and wear a cloth all year round. When a cold comes, I am lazy and comb my hair for several days. Start from sleep and stop when you are drunk. " ("Two Suitability Poems"): "A porridge on an empty stomach has a aftertaste when you are hungry. The upper half of the bed on the eaves, warm to sleep. Knee bamboo arm brocade. From Dan to fainting, there is nothing wrong with body and mind. " ("Idle Residence"); "Eat a full stroke pillow lie, sleep a full idle songs. Have a glass of wine and play the piano slowly. " (Eat enough) There are other seemingly trivial daily life, such as the newly dug pond in the official residence, sleeping in the spring, fishing, planting Chinese fir, eating bamboo shoots, newly planting bamboo, combing my hair in the morning, taking a bath and so on. Bai Juyi adapted himself to life by self-sufficiency.
Second, the aesthetic environment of "all eyes are bodhi"
Zen lives in nature, and nature is full of enlightenment from Zen. "The monk family style? The teacher said, "There are white stones everywhere. "."How about Lingquan? The teacher said, "The withered flowers are blooming." . "Byakki Smoker? The teacher said, "After the cuckoo crows, the flowers fall in front of the cloth steps. "."What is a clean dharma body? Teacher: Red sunshine and green hills. " (Wu Wu) "Ruthlessness is Buddha-like" does not lie in sentience, but is also included in all sentient and heartless "universal laws". The so-called "green bamboo is always a dharma body; The gloomy yellow flowers are nothing more than prajna paramita. "
Bai Juyi likes to visit and win. When Hangzhou was the satrap, "in 600 days, the county entered the mountain once or twice." Bai Juyi has a lot of "leisure" works about scenery, "Zhanzhan Yuquan color, leisurely pumice body." Leisure to water, quiet and dust-free. He has a bamboo pole in his hand and a white nylon scarf on his head. Go to Bushan and know who I am. "(yuquan temple) is really the harmony between mind and environment, and it is an extreme enjoyment. Another example is "Wei water is green and dissolved, Huashan is green and worshipful." "Mountains and rivers are friends, and gentlemen are among them." ("Visit Iowa, Give Yuan Youcong"); "Jiang Han Angle, sandbar evening bird also. Alone on the high shelf, overlooking the southwest mountains. " ("Looking at the Night"); "Yang Cong tea tooth, Yin sinus drain spring pulse. Whether it's warm or not, high Shi Lan product. Thousands of valleys and springs are scattered and condensed into a blue air. Parking is good when you are free, and the official does not force it. " ("Spring Tour Erlin Temple"); "Shimen has no ancient road, and it is a great visit to the ruins. When the scenery is autumn, it is as clear as ever. I often hear Hui Yuan's poems about this rock. The stone is covered with thin moss and nowhere to be found. Sparse wild bamboo, collapse and peel stones for many years. " ("You Shimen Cave") and so on. , showing the picturesque nature. He sent his love to mountains and rivers, and his soul was purified and sublimated under the enlightenment of mountains and rivers, from bloody observation to the transcendental interest of nature. Natural scenery sometimes becomes the external expression of one's feelings, with humanity and personality. Everything shows the vivid life of Zen Buddhism, the blending of things and me, and the aesthetic environment of Buddhism's "enlightenment of Bodhi". Of course, this kind of beautiful scenery is only for people with Zen consciousness and vision. Bai Juyi sighed: "The snow is exhausted in the south of the Yangtze River and spring is coming again. The emerald color pity the world of mortals. There are thousands of cars and horses on the street, and no one looks back at the mountain. " (Crossing Damen Street)
When l[ll] understands vivid nature, when l[ll] understands a flower, a leaf, a mountain and a water, he can entrust his experience of learning Buddhism and participating in Zen. He said: "Walking on the moon, I pity the scenery, sleep under pine trees and love the shade. Think hard about poetry in the early years and be affectionate in the later years. Learn to meditate at night and sing in autumn. There is nothing more worthy of attention than leisure. " He saw the withered mulberry trees and thought, "The road is next to the old dead trees, and it will take a long time to dry up. The skin is yellow and alive, but the heart is black and burnt first. Those who seem to be worried are not caused by external fire. " (withered mulberry) I heard pine in the middle of the night. "Small liao in the middle of the night before the bright moon. Cold mountain rain, autumn piano pity. Smell the heat and then listen. I can't sleep at night, my mind and body are natural. "("Song Sheng ") He likes raising cranes, and he also prefers carefree fun. He said: "Everyone has his own tastes, and things change. Who said that you can dance, it is better to be free. " (Crane) It can really be said that "all kinds are Buddhas". "All colors are Buddhist, and all sounds are Buddhist ... Everything is everywhere; See a dust,} a world of mountains and rivers; When you see a drop of water, you will see all the water in the world. " ("Huang Decheng Zen Master Wan Ling Record")
The third is the broad-minded realm of "peace of mind is where you belong"
In the Record of Dengchuan in Jingdezhen, Bai Juyi asked Zen master Wei Kuan how to cultivate his mind, and Shi said, "If the heart is not damaged, why cultivate the stone?" Dirty or not, don't forget everything. Bai Juyi asked again, "You can't understand pollution or cleanliness?" Wei Kuan said, "Look at a person, but you can't recognize gold scraps. Although they are precious, they are also morbid in your eyes. " In Zen's view, all opposing ideas are delusions and lost. Zen Buddhism "no children" is a wood, not persistent, and does not care about everything. "Wei Mo Hua Shuo Jing" said: "If you want pure land, you should clean your heart. With its pure heart, the Buddha is pure. " If the concept of separation is removed, all opposites and the confusion it brings will disappear, so that we can be comfortable with each other and reach the broad-minded realm of life.
The Biography of Old Tang Shu Mu said that Bai Juyi was "at ease forgetting things" and "at ease in the land of contentment". Su Zhe commented on Bai Juyi in the last two parts of Bai Le Ji: "Happy young people know how to read Buddhist books and learn to meditate. Being wet in the world, I am worried, and I feel bitter and empty. Therefore, it is better to be an official, if you disagree with each other, you should abandon it and divide it up, and it is good to die. Just like a big shot in the Tang Dynasty. " "Conforming to destiny" and "taking blood as security" are indeed Bai Juyi's attitude towards life. Bai Juyi was an official all his life. Whether he is promoted or demoted, whether he stays in Beijing or goes abroad, he is calm and calm, and eliminates practical difficulties with the contentment of "knowing before knowing".
Well, get spiritual freedom. After Bai Juyi retired, his relatives and friends were worried that his salary would be halved, but he was very philosophical.
He said in the poem "Asked by Teenagers": "It should be good to play on the trumpet, and you should play more when you are sad." In his later years, he lived a secluded life of "being rich in leisure, being immortal in leisure" (Things on the Pool), but he always kept his mind safe and comfortable. He said: "I have no hometown, and my peace of mind is where I belong." Leave the city at the beginning; "Peace of mind, body level, hometown can be alone in changan? "("repeatedly asking questions ");" No matter the ends of the earth or the cliffs, the heart is home "("Planting peaches and apricots "); "East window night is not hot, north gate cool breeze blowing gently. Sitting and lying all day, never leaving the same room. The central wood has nothing to do with it, and so does going out. "("Summer ") has the essence of touching the potential and floating without hindrance.
Some people compare Bai Juyi to Tao Yuanming. When he retired to Weishui, he also wrote "One or Six Poems by Little Tao Qian". Although their experiences are different, Bai Juyi does have Tao Yuanming's broad-minded leisure, although they are connected by blood and heart from generation to generation. Yuan Zongdao called Bai "the most blessed person in the world" in Su Su Zhai's Collection of the Second Brother, which was ultimately caused by his broad-minded and detached state of mind.
The fourth is the natural environment of "spring comes and grass grows"
Bai Juyi's poems are famous for their simple language and indifferent artistic conception. He claimed that "poetry has become tasteless and many people scoff at it" ("I care what I sing"), which is quite different from the aesthetic orientation of advocating grandeur in the middle Tang Dynasty. Judging from Bai Juyi's two poems "Song of Eternal Sorrow" and "Pipa", the language is clear and the rhyme is clear, which shows that Bai Juyi has a high level of language control. His leisurely poems are simple and vulgar, with natural wood color, "full of painstaking efforts and blood", which is manifested in the rhythm and rhythm of poems, which is also the expression of Zen aesthetic realm.
According to Wu Wu, "Q:' What is the focus of scholars? "The teacher said:' I am a teenager in spring, and I am clear in the month. "You Shi:" the monk asked,' How can an economist concentrate? The teacher said,' The intention is wrong. ",which means that everything is natural, just like the arrival of spring, learning color will naturally turn green; When night falls, the moon will naturally rise. Don't take it to heart. Zen means "border chapter" is comfortable, comprehends everywhere, opposes restraint, and is even more opposed to carving and decorating. Everything is indifferent and inaction. {it should not be far-fetched, Diao can also go straight to l[ll]. Bai Juyi said, "If you want nothing, there is no right, and the wind is clear." It is the most official state that things happen according to your own wishes. Only when things are unexpected can you see the great works of the creator. More artificial decoration, less fun. It can be seen that "arrogant but not false" is Bai Juyi's conscious aesthetic pursuit.
Bai Juyi loves the aesthetic realm of lignification, not only in the language style of poetry, but also in the description of music and other arts. There are many descriptions of Qin Le in Bai Juyi's poems in his later years, which can also be used as proof of his interest, such as "cool is wood-based, quiet is with people's hearts." When you are calm, you should start. "("Qing Ye Qin Xing "); "Shu paulownia solid, Chu rhyme. Play slowly, play slowly, count at night. Tasteless in the ears, sentimental in the heart. Do it yourself, don't listen. "(night Qin); "Wen Jun ancient tour, let my heart calm. Want to know the meaning of slow flow, for listening to the sparse sound. The west window is sunny. "(Listening to Ancient Swimming) In the cold, calm, peaceful and clear music, we can see a poet with a big wood color and no fake carvings. Tao Ran was complacent about Ge's melody and showed Zen.