Ouyang Xiu was a leading figure in the literary reform in the Northern Song Dynasty. He brought a large number of political and literary elites such as Wang Anshi and Su Shi. Shortly after the founding of the Northern Song Dynasty, social contradictions became increasingly apparent. Ouyang Xiu, who was born in the lower class and had a sense of social responsibility, wanted to maintain this dynasty on the one hand and correct its shortcomings on the other, which was bound to be involved in the political whirlpool. Politically, it advocates "forgiveness and simplicity" and "celebration of calendar innovation"; In literature, Han Yu is the ancestor, so we should sweep away hentai from the late Tang and Five Dynasties to the early Song Dynasty, and advocate the ancient prose with content.
Ouyang Xiu was born in a low-ranking official family, his father died young and his family was poor. He is a scholar of 1030. In the third year of Song Renzong Jingyou (1036), Fan Zhongyan, an important official of the imperial court, was demoted for speaking out, and Ouyang Xiu, as Xuandelang, was also demoted to Yiling County Order. At that time, Ouyang Xiu belonged to Yiling, and after being demoted, he wrote a poem for Ding Zuo, a judge, which showed his indomitable spirit in the face of difficulties and setbacks.
There is no doubt that there are no flowers in the mountain city in February.
There are oranges in the residual snow, and the freezing thunder scared the bamboo shoots to sprout.
Ouyang Xiu came to Yiling, Zhou Xia from Kaifeng, the capital, on October 26th, 2003/KLOC-0. At that time, Zhu Qingji, an old friend of Ouyang Xiu, built a new house for Ouyang Xiu in the east of the state capital. Ouyang Xiu named the room where he lived in Yiling's relegated mansion "Xi Zhi Hall", which means happiness in the future, and inscribed "Xi Zhi Hall in Yiling County", which truly recorded the historical features of Yiling.
Ouyang Xiu wrote that the Yangtze River has become flat since Yiling, and people who pass through the Three Gorges dangerous road here seem to have been reborn. Zhu Gong made a pavilion, "And ambition, the great danger in the world, is the joy of pedestrians." This is also fun. ""Yiling is a solid state, and Lin and Feng are thin and far away. Although there is good governance, reputation alone is not enough progress. Zhu Gong may not be humble, but his heart is happy. My wife is happy to worry, and the so-called' open gentleman' in the poem is gone. "Happy in adversity, forget worry, is the way of life of master Ouyang Xiu.
The poet, who is new here, visited the important Xialao River near Nanjinguan and wrote a poem:
As soon as Iraq entered the prison, the ancient garrison was gloomy and rugged.
Entering the Xiajiang River gradually bends, and there are many beaches and mountains.
Bai Niao flying in white sand, green peak and green radish.
Moved by the first comparison, sad words are songs of Chu.
It can be seen that it is Qu Yuan's Long song who flows in the poet's heart.
In Zhaojun's hometown, the poet wrote "live in harmony with Fei Ming". He praised Fei Ming as "stunning in the world, once it is lost, it will be difficult to get it back", accused the Emperor of the Han Dynasty of "killing painters and fighting for nothing", and lamented that "it is still within sight and ears, and Li Can can control foreigners". Ignorant kings always don't distinguish between faithfulness and treachery, beauty and ugliness, how can they keep the country stable for a long time! "A beautiful woman is luckier than a man, so don't blame yourself for the spring breeze." The reality makes people sad, but the poet will not sink.
Ouyang Xiu traveled up the Yangtze River from Zhou Xia and visited Songmen Island, which is today's Gezhouba:
Songmen of Bird Language Island is long, and the hanging rock is opposite to Qingfeng.
Poor scenery is a poor fortress, which makes people fall in love with this country.
The rocky beach is full of drunken pillows, and the shallow sand enters the cabin next month.
Because I started swimming, I felt far away from the south. I went to Jingjiang to see the Shu River.
The poet fell in love with this oasis in the river. Although the rocks roared and the bright moon entered the window, he couldn't sleep, but this beautiful paradise calmed his depression.
After visiting the famous Sanyou Cave, the poet's mood became more cheerful and frivolous. In order to explore the mysteries of the world, he sued Qing Chuan, leaving the ship as Cuiling. Adventure adventure, because of poverty. "
Facing the wonders of Sanyou Cave, the poet meditated.
I love Yunshan all day long, just to see the blue sky.
Who knows that in a room of gloom, the sinus clouds in the chest only coagulate the stone marrow.
Cangyan has a small crossing all the way, and Cuibi Chihiro has a family.
In the past, whoever had a reward in his heart stayed, and people went to the mountains more secluded.
Why do green dreams hang silently and birds in the mountains are not surprised?
Song Ming got the bottom of the wind, and he had to take care of the seats when the moon came out.
Wonderland is hard to find and easy to get lost, but how many people know about the mountain road?
The poet's Three Gorges poems are simple and natural in language, exquisite in observation and experience of scenery, cordial and natural, but rich in connotation, which truly shows the vigorous brushwork of a generation of literati. Xilingxia's relegation career cultivated the poet's mind. Spring flowers will bloom eventually, and the stream has a long way to go. The poet has absorbed the aura of heaven and earth of the Three Gorges, and will surely make greater achievements.
But what is Yiling in the eyes of Ouyang Xiu county magistrate?
However, the stone steps of the back pier bend steeply and surround the city shore. There is no fixed berth except the back wharf. Some merchant ships from Pakistan, Hunan and Chu Zhoufan are parked everywhere. The ship is loaded with mountain products native products, more of which are raw lacquer, Zhou Xia paper, straw rice, tea, citrus and the like. This small, deserted county town, where the county building is surrounded by tigers and the official building is heard at night, has no walls around it, no shaped streets, and the roads are narrow and dirty, so that cars and horses can't pass. There are many vendors in the market, no department stores and no big businesses. People live a hard life and like fish with Chinese sauerkraut. The house is small, one room, people live upstairs and pigs are raised downstairs. The house is single, and the kitchen, patio and barn are all crowded together. Houses are all made of bamboo, boards and thatch.
Therefore, Ouyang Xiu actively praised Zhou for advocating the clear season, planting trees in the urban area and planting trees in the mountains. Tear down huts, build tile houses, separate people from animals, separate kitchens from barns, and change bad habits of simple etiquette. He works diligently for the people and often goes deep into people's homes to investigate and study.
During the period of Yiling, Ouyang Xiu also wrote some famous political articles, such as The Original Disadvantages, This Theory, The Spring and Autumn Theory, Yi, Ming Yong, Yi Tongzi Wen, etc., and completed the writing of the New Five Dynasties History.
Looking back, although Ouyang Xiu has been the magistrate of Yiling County for nearly a thousand years, Yiling people are still talking about him and are proud of him. Throughout the ages, there are many Yiling officials, but Ouyang Xiu's deeds are the most widely circulated. He lived in three dynasties, which is worth two houses. At that time, the honors were as famous as Du Yan, Fu Bi, Han Qi and Fan Zhongyan.
Ouyang Xiu, a politician, writer, historian, epigraphist, bibliographer and Confucian classics scholar, has the highest literary achievements, and is a leading figure in inheriting and innovating the ancient Chinese prose movement in the Northern Song Dynasty. He has been in the official career for more than 40 years, and has served as a magistrate, a magistrate, a pavilion director, a bachelor of Hanlin, a Tang envoy, and a deputy prime minister. He was an official in Xining for four years (107 1) and died in Yingzhou (Fuyang, Anhui) the following year at the age of 66.
After his death, he was named "Wenzhong" by the Crown Prince. He has made outstanding achievements, his disciples are romantic and his writings are extremely rich. He is the author of 153 volumes, including 24 volumes of poetry, as well as monographs such as The Book of the New Tang Dynasty, The History of the New Five Dynasties and Poems on June 1st. "Poems on June 1st" is the first of its kind.
Among the 766 poems in the Complete Works of Ouyang Wenzhong, as many as 140 poems are directly related to Yiling, accounting for more than 20% of the complete works. Its quantity and beauty of writing are incomparable to all cultural celebrities who have grown up or been to Yiling. Among them, there are nearly 50 poems and 30 articles written in Yiling. Ouyang Xiu was attracted by the magical and beautiful Yiling mountains and rivers. He often traveled with friends such as Judge Ding, or went alone, and traveled all over Yiling ancient temple, strange cave, Qingxi and famous gorge, expressing the blending of scenes and leaving an immortal masterpiece. For example, Nine Poems on Yiling, Poems on the Book of the Antelope, The Hall of the Highest Happiness in Yiling County and The Pavilion of the Highest Happiness in Zhou Xia are all true records of the history of Yiling, and these works are valuable heritages in the national literature treasure house of Yiling and even China.
Ouyang Xiu has been obsessed with Yiling for the rest of his life. Although he has made outstanding achievements, his poems are unparalleled. His evaluation of the article "Before Sitting and Descending the Yiling" is: "Thirty years ago, I was good at Mandarin, addicted to alcohol, and knew my pleasure, but I didn't know my mistake." (The Complete Works of Ouyang Wenzhong? Answer to sun's second book, Half of his life is full of romance. The special environment and special pressure have had a far-reaching impact on his life, whether in politics, career or literature. He thinks that he can get the beauty of brocade because he was tempered in the adversity of Yiling. It is no wonder that when Yuan Mei, a famous poet in Qing Dynasty, changed his official position to Jiangnan with Hanlin, his friends once quoted Ouyang Xiu's deeds to comfort him: "The career of Luling started from Yiling, and his vision grew from experience" (Yuan Mei: "Poetry with the Garden? Volume 1).
Yiling people miss Ouyang Xiu's one year and three months in Yiling. There is a "Liu Yi College", a lecture hall and a temple in the city. People who respect the sages gather here to read Ouyang Gong's works and historical materials compiled by him. Many county magistrates also went to the lecture hall to give speeches in memory of this great "Liu Yigong". Unfortunately, the remains of Ouyang Xiu in Yiling in those days, whether the inscriptions on Xi Zhi Hall, Ganquan Temple or Xizhige, have already disappeared. Only in Sanyou Cave, "On July 10th, four years, Ouyang Yongshu from Yiling walked with Judge Ding to carve stones." Keep it as a permanent memorial.
It is said that while Ouyang Xiu was tidying up the pavilion in Bianjing, Kyoto, his good friend (now Yichang) Judge Ding visited him in Bianjing. Ding said that he had a dream in which he and Ouyang Xiu went to the Huangling Temple in Xiling Gorge and burned incense under the statue. Ouyang Xiu just bowed, Yu Wang nodded in return, invited Ouyang Xiu to sit on the altar and whispered in Ouyang Xiu's ear for a long time. Out of the hall, an otolith horse suddenly woke up at the door and spoke to Ouyang Xiu again. Yuan Zhen thought that Yu Wang's idol treated Ouyang Xiu like a secular person in the pavilion, which was a miraculous courtesy!
Soon, Ouyang Xiu was demoted to Yiling county magistrate. After coming, my friend Ding was also cut off for some reasons. In his spare time, Ouyang Xiu, led by Ding, went into the gorge to visit Huangling Temple. As soon as he entered Wang Yudian, Ouyang Xiu was surprised! Everything is like the dream that Ding said. Yu Wang statue really nodded in return, as if Ouyang Xiu was invited to whisper on the stage. At the entrance of the main hall, a stone horse regarded Ouyang Xiu as a bosom friend, which was inseparable. Ouyang Xiu and Ding walked out of the temple gate and saw more and more people coming to worship incense. He thought that although Yu Wang's idol appeared at this time, it was only a legend, and there was no real basis for cows to help Dayu talk about water conservancy. It is a kind of "obscene sacrifice" that people actually believe, beating gongs and drums, singing and dancing, and worshiping devoutly. With infinite emotion, he recited the poem "Huangniuxia Temple" and wrote: "Although Dachuan has gods, it is common to worship books. In front of Shima Temple, the jackdaws are noisy in the forest. Tantan Village smells drums and streams, and Chu witches sing and dance to meet God ... "Later, Ouyang Xiu returned to Kyoto briefly and told the above story to his favorite disciple Su Shi.
In the fifth year of Yuanfeng (1082), Su Shi was demoted to Huangzhou, and was invited by Zhu Junsi, the capital of Zhou Xiayi, to visit Huangling Temple. After entering Yu Wang Palace, I saw that the statue of Yu Wang really nodded in return, and there was an otolith horse at the entrance of the temple. He read Ouyang Xiu's poem "Huangniuxia Temple" inscribed on the wall and remembered the story Ouyang Xiu told him about Yu Wang's idol and an otolith horse. From otolith horse to teacher Ouyang Xiu and his own relegation, he couldn't help feeling. At the suggestion of Zhu Junsi, the commander-in-chief of Yidu, Su Shi combined the above-mentioned hearing and feelings into a short article "Ouyang Wenzhong's father-in-law's Jinhuang Temple", and carved stones in the temple, which recorded for the first time the rumor that Yu Wang immortals appeared and there was only one otolith horse.
Ouyang Xiu loves Yiling people, Yiling landscape and Yiling products. Before the Northern Song Dynasty, Zhou Xia began to produce paper and inkstone, which Ouyang Xiu had heard of when he was in the capital. At that time, he had close contacts with officials of the three divisions (Salt and Iron Division, Du Zhi and Hu Department). The third division is in charge of salt and iron, taxation, tax rent, household registration and local tax. The issuance of official documents and the handling of household registration, like pavilions, are inseparable from paper. However, the paper used at that time was provided by Hezhongfu (Zhou Pu, Yongji County, Shanxi Province). Sun Wende, an official of the third subject, often goes in and out of the provincial examination room and has seen many examination papers, account books and hundreds of books, but Zhou Xia's examination papers are immortal and durable.
When Ouyang Xiu left the capital, Sun Wende suggested that he collect more documents from Zhou Xia. Zhou Xia is rich in bamboo, wood and water. In the early Song Dynasty, there were several folk papermaking workshops in Yiling City. Although the papermaking process is primitive, it is very complicated. Take out the fibers from bamboo and wood, boil and mash them, make them into mucus, put them in baskets, roll them into films, dry them a little, and then press them with stones. Ouyang Xiu praised the use of Zhou Xia paper: "Yiling paper is not very refined, but it is the most durable", and "Zhou Xia paper is the only book in the world that is immortal" (Complete Works of Ouyang Wenzhong? Paper in Zhouxia River "). After being relegated to the capital for more than four years, the emperor issued another imperial decree to promote him as a captain of Ji Xian, that is, to supervise the appointment and removal of ordinary officials in the capital and the compilation of various documents. Therefore, Ouyang Xiu took advantage of this opportunity and ordered that "Zhou Xia paper should be the government and pavilions should be the official books".
According to Ouyang Yunsen, a descendant of Ouyang Xiu's family, Ouyang Xiu lost his wife twice, and the third time was Mrs. Xue. In the fourth year of Jing You's reign (1037), in March, Ouyang Xiu asked for leave to go to Xuchang to continue to marry Xue Kui, the fourth daughter of Xue Kui, a politician. In September, Mrs Xue followed Ouyang Xiu to Yiling. Ouyang Xiu has four sons, born to Mrs. Xue. Ouyang's family in Zhijiang is a descendant of Ouyang Xiu's eldest son Ouyang Fa. In the second year of Jing You (1035), Ouyang Xiu's brother-in-law Zhang Gui died in Xiangcheng, Hubei. Because my sister is young and has nothing to rely on, I took the orphan girl born to Zhang Gui's ex-wife to my brother Ouyang Xiu's home. Jingyou three years, Ouyang Xiu was demoted, and my sister had to follow Ouyang Xiu to Yiling. My sister is quiet and never leaves home. She devoted herself to taking care of her mother and the son of Ouyang Xiu's late wife Xu. Ouyang Xiu married the daughter of Xue Kui (who died as an assistant minister) in Yiling, and his sisters all took part in this action.
Therefore, Ouyang Yunsen inferred from Ouyang's genealogy that there are still descendants of Ouyang Xiu in Yiling. According to genealogical records, Ouyang Jia served as the local governor of Yiling three times. The first time was Ouyang Ying, the uncle of Ouyang Xiutang. Xianping was a scholar for three years (1000) and was a judge in Zhou Xia (Yichang) Army. Zhenzong was promoted to well-known when he was 73 years old. His family was in Jingnan (Jingzhou), so he was buried. It can be seen that the Ouyang family in Jingzhou area is mostly descended from Ouyang Ying. The second time was Ouyang Xiu, who was demoted in Song San year (1036) because of Fan Zhongyan's unjust case, and also worked as a county magistrate in Yiling, writing articles in memory of his uncle. The third time was in the eighth year of Ming Chenghua (1472). Ouyang Yingchun, the 20th generation descendant of Ouyang Xiu, was appointed as Yiling Yizhou again. Five years later, Ouyang Yingchun died in Guan, and her body was escorted back to Jiangxi for burial by her son Ouyang Pucheng. So he and his wife Liu brought three sons and four sons back to Yiling. Between contacts, we can see that the terrain is adjacent to Yiling, and the "ancestor Liu's remains are in the clouds", so he officially settled in Zhiyi in the fifteenth year of Chenghua (1479) and has been thriving ever since.