From Red Cliff is a seven-character quatrain written by Du Mu, a poet in the Tang Dynasty. Poets are interested in things and praise history with things, pointing out that Battle of Red Cliffs is related to the survival of the country and social security; At the same time, it implies that you are ambitious and will not be reused.
original work
red wall
Du Mu
The iron is not for sale,
Learn from the past.
East wind is not convenient for Zhou Lang,
Bronze sparrow lock Er Qiao Spring. ?
Word annotation
(1) Broken halberd: Broken halberd. Ji, an ancient weapon.
(2) Pin: Pin erosion.
Will: Pick it up.
(4) Polishing and cleaning: polishing and cleaning.
5] Recognize the former dynasty: Recognize the halberd as a relic of the destruction of Cao by Soochow.
(6) East wind: refers to the burning of Chibi.
(7) Zhou Lang: Zhou Yu, whose real name is Gong Jin. When he was young, he was very famous. He was almost Zhou Lang. Later, he served as the viceroy of Wu Jun.
⑻ Copper Quetai: that is, the copper Quetai built by Cao Cao in Linzhang County, Hebei Province. There is a big bronze sparrow terrace on the roof, and concubines and prostitutes live on the platform, which is a playground for Cao Cao in his later years.
(9) Er Qiao: Two daughters of Duke Qiao of Dongwu, one married Sun Ce (younger brother Sun Quan), a former monarch, and the other married Zhou Yu, a military commander, named Xiao Qiao, collectively known as "Er Qiao". ?
Translation of works
Translation 1:
A broken halberd sank into the underwater sand without erosion. After polishing and cleaning, it was found to be a relic of Battle of Red Cliffs. If the east wind is not convenient for Zhou Yu, I am afraid that Cao Cao will win and Er Qiao will be put in Tongquetai.
Translation 2:
Broken paintings and heavy sand have not melted so far. Pick it up and wash it, and you can still vaguely see the swords and shadows of history.
If the east wind doesn't come, how can Zhou Yu use the east wind to burn Cao Cao's 800 thousand water army and win a great victory?
The overall situation of the three countries is uncertain. Presumably, when Cao Cao built a bronze sparrow terrace in Yedu (now Linzhang County, Hebei Province) two years later, Wu Dong beauties Da Qiao (Mrs. Sun Ce) and Xiao Qiao (Mrs. Zhou Yu) may be locked in a bronze sparrow terrace, and they have infinite love for spring.
Creation background
This poem was written by the poet after passing through the famous ancient battlefield Chibi (now Chiji Mountain in the southwest of Wuchang County, Hubei Province) and feeling the success or failure of heroes in the Three Kingdoms period. Battle of Red Cliffs, which took place in October of the 13th year of Jian 'an (2008) of Emperor Xian of Han Dynasty, was a major battle that played a decisive role in the historical situation of the Three Kingdoms. As a result, Sun and Liu were defeated, and Zhou Yu, the 34-year-old commander-in-chief of Sun Wu, was the most important person in this battle. The poet watched the remains of the ancient battlefield and expressed his unique views on Battle of Red Cliffs.
works appreciation
"If you don't sell iron, you will recognize it if you wash it." These two sentences mean that the broken Zhan Ji sank in the sand and was not eroded. After grinding, he recognized it as a relic of the previous dynasty. Here, these two descriptions seem dull, but they are uneven. The broken halberd is buried in the sand, pointing out the historical situation here. The broken sand in Zhan Ji has not been eroded, suggesting that time has passed and things have changed. It was because of the discovery of this rusty "broken halberd" buried at the bottom of the river for more than 600 years that the poet had a lot of thoughts, so he had to grind it out and identify it, and found that it was a weapon left over by Battle of Red Cliffs. In this way, the remains of the former dynasty further aroused the author's imagination and laid a good foundation for the later expression.
"Dongfeng is not with Zhou Lang, and Tongque Chunsuo Er Qiao." These last two familiar words mean that if Dongfeng hadn't helped Zhou Yu, Tongquetai would have locked Er Qiao in Dongwu. This involves the famous Battle of Red Cliffs in history. Battle of Red Cliffs and Zhou Yu defeated the outnumbered enemy with fire attack, but he was able to use fire attack because of the strong east wind at the decisive moment. Therefore, the poet commented on the reasons for the success or failure of this war, and only chose the winner at that time-Zhou Lang and the factor he relied on to win-Dongfeng to write. Because of the key to this victory, he finally had to return to Dongfeng, so he put Dongfeng in a more important position. However, he didn't describe how Dongfeng helped Zhou Lang win, but wrote from the opposite side: If Dongfeng didn't bring convenience to Zhou Lang this time, the outcome would be transposed and the historical situation would be completely changed. Therefore, I will write the hypothetical situation after Sun and Liu defeated after the victory. However, it does not directly describe the changes in the political and military situation, but only indirectly depicts the fate that two famous Wu Dong beauties will bear. If Cao Cao wins, then Da Qiao and Xiao Qiao will be robbed and put in a bronze sparrow terrace for him to enjoy. The bronze sparrow terrace here shows the romantic side of Cao Cao, and it is said that Deep Spring has deepened this romantic charm. Finally, the word "lock" is used to further highlight the meaning of its golden house. The victory or defeat of this smoke-filled war is very meaningful.
The two women in the poem, Da Qiao and Er Qiao, are not ordinary people, but ladies who belong to the highest class of the Soochow ruling class. Da Qiao was the wife of Sun Ce, the former leader of Dongwu, and Sun Quan, the leader of Dongwu at that time, while Xiao Qiao was the wife of Zhou Yu, the military commander who led all the land and water armies of Dongwu to fight against Cao Cao. Although they had nothing to do with this campaign, their status and status represented the dignity of Dongwu as an independent political entity. Wu Dong is not dead, they can never be attributed to Cao Cao; Even if they are humiliated, Wu Dong's social and biological experience can be imagined. Therefore, the poet described Cao Cao's arrogance after his victory and Wu Dong's humiliation after his defeat in the case of "the east wind is not as convenient as Zhou Lang" with a poem like "a bronze sparrow locks Er Qiao in the spring", which is extremely powerful. It not only sets off the hero with beauty, but also reflects Zhou Lang in the previous sentence, showing more affection. Poetry creation must use image thinking, and image language is the direct reality of image thinking. Observing life with thinking in images and creatively reflecting life are the life of poetry. In this poem, Du Mu used the vivid poem "A Bronze finch is deep in spring", that is, seeing the big from the small, which is his unique success in artistic treatment. In addition, this poem overemphasizes the role of Dongfeng, instead of praising Zhou Yu's victory from the front, it bears his failure from the opposite side. Du Mu was proficient in politics and military affairs, and had a clear understanding of the struggle situation between the central government and the buffer region, and between the Han nationality and Tubo at that time, and put forward some useful suggestions to the court. It's hard to imagine that Monk knew that "the weather is not as good as the geographical position, and the geographical position is not as good as human harmony" during the Warring States Period, but Du Mu also attributed Zhou Yu's victory in Battle of Red Cliffs to the accidental east wind. I'm afraid he wrote this way because he is conceited and knows soldiers, and he used historical events to vent his depression in his chest. It also implies Ruan Ji's lament that "there was no hero in the battlefield of Guangwu, and his son became famous", but the text is very vague and not good-looking. ?
Evaluation by famous experts
Xu E's Poem of Yanzhou: "Tu Mu's poem" Red Cliff "said that the red cliff should not be set on fire, which made Cao Gong seize the bronze sparrow terrace set up by Er Qiao. Sun Shi thinks this is the First World War. I don't care about the survival of society, I'm afraid of being caught by Er Qiao. I clearly don't know likes and dislikes. " ?
Ji Yun and others summed up Four Treasures of the Study: "(Xu Yi) sneered at Du Mu's poem Red Cliff, not saying that the country was alive or dead, but that Er Qiao was not the wife of Sun Ce, Xiao Qiao was the wife of Zhou Yu, and they entered Wei, that is, Wu died. The poet didn't want to be qualitative, so he changed his words. "
He Huan Wen's Textual Research on Poetry in Past Dynasties: "Mu Zhi's intention is fortunate to succeed, and almost his home country is not guaranteed."
Yao Wang Qu's Selected Poems of Ancient Tang Dynasty: "Du Mu is good at the art of war, but this poem seems to have some shortcomings."
Brief introduction of the author
Du Mu, also known as Du, also known as Fan Chuan lay man, Han nationality, born in Jingzhao Wannian (now Shaanxi An), was an outstanding poet and essayist in the late Tang Dynasty, the grandson of Du You, the prime minister of the Three Dynasties, and the son of Tang Wenzong, the 26-year-old Jinshi Du in the second year of Daiwa. Later, I went to Jiangxi to observe the envoys, turned to Huainan to observe the envoys, and then entered the envoys. Edited by the History Museum, catering department, Bibi department and Si Xun were appointed as foreign ministers, while Huangzhou, Chizhou and Zhou Mu were appointed as secretariat. Finally, the official came to Zhongshu Sheren. He died in Chang 'an at the age of fifty. Outstanding poets in the late Tang Dynasty, especially those famous for their seven-character quatrains, mainly expressed their feelings by chanting history. Influenced by Du Fu and Han Yu, his classical poems have a wide range of themes and bold brushwork. His modern poems are famous for their beautiful words and ups and downs. Du Fu and Li Bai are both called "Du Li". In order to distinguish them from poets Li Shangyin and Du Mu, they are also called "Big Du Li".