The simplest meaning of ancient poetry in Yuan Dynasty;
In the sound of firecrackers, the old year passed; The warm spring breeze ushered in the New Year, and people happily drank the newly brewed Tu Su wine. The rising sun shines on thousands of families, who are busy taking off the old peach charms and replacing them with new ones.
Original text:
first day of the lunar month
Wang Anshi
Except for the one-year-old in firecrackers,
The spring breeze brings warmth to Tusu.
Thousands of families are dying,
Always trade new peaches for old ones.
Precautions:
January 1st: The first day of the first lunar month, that is, the Spring Festival.
(2) Firecrackers: the sound made by the ancients when they burned bamboo. It was used to ward off evil spirits and later evolved into setting off firecrackers. One year old except: one year has passed. Except, passed away.
(3) Tu Su: "It refers to Tu Su wine, and drinking Tu Su wine is also the custom of ancient Chinese New Year. On the first day of the New Year, the whole family drinks this wine soaked in Tu Su grass to ward off evil spirits and avoid epidemic diseases, so as to live longer.
(4) Thousands of households: describe numerous portals and dense population. Bend: the bright and warm appearance at sunrise.
5. Peach: Fu Tao is an ancient custom. On the first day of the first lunar month, people write the names of Shen Tu and Lei Yu on a mahogany board and hang them by the door to ward off evil spirits. Also called Spring Festival couplets.
Appreciate:
At the end of the year and the beginning of the year, it has become a common practice for China literati to write some poems that suit the occasion. This kind of poem is written by thousands of people for hundreds of years, and it is difficult to break through innovation. Therefore, all kinds of poems selected in past dynasties, such as 300 Tang poems, such as thousands of poems, are basically rare. However, it is difficult to find an outstanding figure in such a field. Then, Wang Anshi, a poet of the Northern Song Dynasty.
Wang Anshi has a poem "January Day": firecrackers are one year old, and the spring breeze sends warmth into Tu Su. The rising sun sheds light on doors of each household, New peachwood charm is put up to replace the old.
Wang Anshi's first Yuan-Day poem must be because of the enthusiasm, excitement, excitement and joy generated by such a happy day in a street, a community and a city center, which made him feel. You might as well imagine that if you are in it, the crackling sound of firecrackers, the refreshing fragrance of Tu Su, the dazzling brightness of the sun and the unparalleled warmth of the spring breeze will all bring you a comprehensive impact of hearing, smell, vision and touch. This new atmosphere at the beginning of the new year will certainly give birth to a brand-new feeling, and you will try to imagine it. Maybe you will write a poem.
Wang Anshi's four poems are wonderful because he captures the whole feeling. Poets in China usually only pay attention to themselves, not to groups, but to personal joys and sorrows, not to people's joys and sorrows. Although there are only four short sentences, they are so concise and perfect; So simple and so shocking, it sets off the hot scene of January and everyone's mood with the finishing touch, which is the artistic charm of the master.
Creation background
This poem was written when the author first worshipped the Prime Minister and started his New Deal. 1067, Song Shenzong succeeded to the throne, and Wang Anshi was appointed as the magistrate of Jiangning, and then he was appointed as a bachelor and lecturer of Hanlin. In order to get rid of the political and economic crisis faced by the Song Dynasty and the constant intrusion of Liao and Xixia, in A.D. 1068, the gods called Wang Anshi to "enter the DPRK again and again", and Wang Anshi immediately wrote a letter advocating political reform. The following year, he devoted himself to politics and presided over the political reform. During the Spring Festival in the same year, Wang Anshi saw that every household was busy preparing for the Spring Festival, and he wrote this poem with emotion when he thought of the new atmosphere at the beginning of the political reform.
Literary appreciation
This poem describes the scene of bidding farewell to the old and welcoming the new in the Spring Festival. A piece of firecrackers sent away the old year, drinking mellow Tu Su wine and feeling the breath of spring. The rising sun shines on thousands of families, and every family's peaches are replaced with new ones.
This is an impromptu work about welcoming the New Year in ancient times. Based on folk customs, it sensitively absorbs the typical materials of ordinary people during the Spring Festival and captures the representative details of life: setting off firecrackers, drinking Tu Su wine and changing peach symbols, which fully shows the joyful atmosphere of the New Year Festival and is full of rich life breath.
"Firecrackers are one year old, and the spring breeze warms Tu Su." Setting off fireworks on New Year's Day is an ancient custom that has continued to this day. In ancient customs, every year on the first day of the first month, the whole family drank Tu Su wine, and then wrapped the dregs in red cloth and hung them on the doorframe to "exorcise evil spirits" and avoid the plague.
The third sentence, "Every family lives", inherits the previous poems, which means that every family is bathed in the light of the early spring sunrise. The last sentence describes the forwarding discussion. Hanging peach symbols is also the custom of the ancients. "Always replacing new peaches with old ones" is a sentence pattern of compression and ellipsis. The new peach omits the word "character" and the old peach omits the word "peach", so they are used alternately because of the limitation of words per sentence.
Poetry is a human voice. Many critics have noticed that the artistic conception and reality expressed in this poem also have their own metaphor and symbolic significance. Wang Anshi's poems are full of cheerful and positive fighting spirit, because he was the prime minister at that time and promoted the new law. Wang Anshi was a famous reformer in the Northern Song Dynasty. During his tenure, just as people replaced the old with the new, he abolished the old politics and implemented the New Deal. Wang Anshi is full of confidence in the New Deal, so it is particularly cheerful in his poems. This poem praises the birth of new things, which is as full of vitality as "the spring breeze picks up"; "Tomorrow" shines on "thousands of families". This is not an ordinary sun, but the beginning of a new life. Political reform has brought a bright future to the people. At the end of the sentence, "new peaches are often exchanged for old peaches" shows the poet's satisfaction and joy at the victory of political reform and the improvement of people's lives. It contains profound philosophy, pointing out that new things always replace declining things.
Although this poem uses line drawing technique, it tries its best to exaggerate the festive atmosphere, and at the same time, it expresses its thoughts through the custom of updating on January 1 ST, which is implicit but not revealing.
Evaluation by famous experts
Wang Xiang's "Thousands of Poems Make Up the School": "This poem is self-evident. When it first worships the item, it is old and new, and it follows its politics. "
Xiong Baiqi's Selected Poems of Eight Great Masters in Song Dynasty: "This poem is not only a new way to write New Year's sentences, but also a new way to write them. The combination of the two is close and seamless, and the warm and bright scene of Yuanri is vividly written, praising and affirming the victory and bright future of implementing the new law. "
Yao Dianzhong's Notes on Selected Poems of Tang and Song Dynasties: "Using the word' change' means writing the customs and habits at that time and opening up new poems for readers. Reveal the irresistible law that the new replaces the old, the progressive replaces the backward and the historical development. "
Brief introduction of the author
Wang Anshi (1021-1086), whose real name is Fu Jie, is called a mid-level layman. He was made Duke of Shu and later changed to Duke of Jing. The world also calls it "king". Jiangyou, Han nationality, was born in Yanbuling, Linchuan County, Northern Song Dynasty (now Dengjiaxiang, Linchuan District). Li Qing was a scholar in the second year (1042). In the third year of Jiayou (1058), he wrote thousands of books and put forward the idea of political reform. In the second year of Xining (1069), he took part in politics in Song Shenzong and carried out the new law.
The next year, I paid tribute to this book. In the seventh year of Xining (1074), he was dismissed from office and became prime minister the following year; In the ninth year of Xining (1076), he retired to Jiangning (now Nanjing, Jiangsu Province) Banshan Garden, and was granted the title of Duke of Shu. He was soon renamed Duke Jing. Obituary of death. During his reign, he and his sons, Wang Kan and Lv Huiqing, annotated The Book of Songs, Shangshu and Zhouguan, calling them "Three Classics with New Meanings". His writing style is vigorous and powerful, and he is one of the "Eight Masters in Tang and Song Dynasties". Poetry is vigorous and fresh. Many of his works, such as Zi Shuo and Sun Yat-sen Diary, have been lost. Today, Wang Linchuan Collection and Linchuan Collection are preserved, and later generations compiled New Meaning of Zhou Guan and Meaning of Poetry.