At the beginning of Unit 4 Three Ancient Poems, Lu You's Xiuzi in Song Dynasty, Lin Sheng's Lin 'an Mansion in Song Dynasty and Gong Zizhen's Ji Hai Miscellaneous Poems in Qing Dynasty all expressed the poet's strong patriotic feelings.
In learning, we should pay attention to combining notes and related materials to guide students to understand the meaning of poetry and the poet's feelings.
First, the preview before class has two tasks.
(1) Students collect relevant materials and pay attention to the poet's life information and the dynasty background of his life.
The collection and understanding of relevant materials is a catalyst for in-depth understanding of poems and poets' emotions, and also cultivates students' ability to find and use materials purposefully.
1. Lu You: When Jin Bing invaded the Central Plains as a child, his family lived in exile for a long time and received a lot of patriotic education at home. They have long established the ideal of resisting Jin Xingguo. In AD 1 163, he planned the Northern Expedition for Zhang Jun, a famous anti-gold star in the Southern Song Dynasty. Unfortunately, the Northern Expedition failed and Lu You was dismissed from office. Seven years later, you went to Sichuan, joined Wang Yan's anti-Jin Dajun, and stayed at the forefront of the anti-Jin War for some time. Army life greatly enriched his poems. He persisted in resisting the idea of rejuvenating the country all his life, and was hated and suppressed by the lords and the establishment. Until his death, he failed to realize his ideal. (Selected from Hundred Poems of Song Dynasty, Shanghai Ancient Books Publishing House, 1997)
2. The demise of the Northern Song Dynasty: Kaifeng, the capital of the Northern Song Dynasty, was the largest city in the world at that time. Business in Beijing is very prosperous, and many street shops start business early in the morning and don't rest until midnight. Some restaurants even stay open all night.
In October of the sixth year of Xuanhe in the Northern Song Dynasty, Emperor Taizong of Jin sent a letter to invade the Song Dynasty, moving south from Yanjing, crossing today's Baoding in Hebei and attacking Dingzhou in Hebei. 1February, when Song Huizong received the news, he immediately appointed Prince Zhao Heng as the priest of Kaifengfu, made him guard Kaifengfu, and gave the Zen position to Zhao Heng for Qinzong. I fled to the south.
In the first month of the first year of Jingkang, the Yellow River nomads crossed the south and arrived at the gates of Kaifeng. 1 1 month, Song Jun was defeated, Kaifeng was occupied by the nomads from the Yellow River, and Song Huizong and Song Qinzong were captured by the nomads from the Yellow River and sent north. More than 400 people, including lineal relatives and empresses of the royal family, were taken back to Jin twice, and the Northern Song Dynasty perished.
3. Partial security in the Southern Song Dynasty: After Song Huizong and Song Qinzong were captured, Zhao Gou ascended the throne to rebuild the Song Dynasty, which was called the Southern Song Dynasty in history, and its capital was Lin 'an House 1 138, which is today's Hangzhou. Based on the south of the Yangtze River, the Southern Song Dynasty implemented the national policy of reducing gold and seeking peace. Most officials in the imperial court just want to have fun and don't want to fight for the rejuvenation of the country. 1 14 1 year, Song and Jin entered Shaoxing Peace Conference. After Yue Fei was killed, Qin Gui came to power, persecuted the anti-Jin faction and appointed traitors. The court is in a state of foul smoke. (2, 3 data from Marco's History of Song Dynasty, revised by Shanghai People's Publishing House in 2003).
4. Political control of the Qing Dynasty: The Qing court entered the Central Plains as a minority ruler. Facing the people of Han nationality and other nationalities, the orientation of maintaining Manchu rule has a profound influence on their ruling means, which constitutes a political high-pressure situation that did not exist in the previous generation against the Han people. The Qing court strictly controlled the political activities of Han literati. Repeated propaganda of literary inquisition is one of the manifestations of this high-handed rule.
Arrange for students to collect information before class. Teachers can guide students to collect information and remind students to pay attention to the accuracy of information.
(2) Read the pronunciation of new words, recite new glyphs and read ancient poems.
The initial of "Nai" is nasal n; "Yes" is a rolling tongue sound, so we should pay attention to the difference between it and "Zhi". The difference between "y ○ n" and "dark" an; "Zhuo" is a flat tongue sound, S ǒ u; "Jihai" is pronounced as "jǐhài" and cannot be pronounced as "jǐgāi".
The "sacrifice" of "family sacrifice" has two points on it, not "evening"; The upper part of the word "smoked" should not be written as "heavy", and attention should be paid to the spacing between the top and bottom, with the second horizontal being the longest; The difference between "sadness" and "decline" should be clear; When writing the word "nai", pay attention to the order of strokes. The first stroke is horizontal hook, and the second stroke is left.
When reading ancient poems for the first time, you should read them correctly and fluently. With the help of the existing learning experience, I try to pause the rhythm of reading ancient poems, and I can understand some general ideas through self-reading, so as to grasp the emotional tone of poems and practice reading with emotion.
Second, read poetry and understand ancient poetry. What information can you learn from the poem? Do you have any questions?
For example, the title of the poem "Shizi" points out that this poem was written by the father to his son, which can guide students to think: Why did the father write a poem for his son? What did you write?
The title of "Lin 'an Mansion" points out the place where poems are written and guides students to think: Where is Lin 'an and why should the author write poems there?
The title of Jihai Miscellaneous Poems points out the writing time of the poem and guides students to think: What happened at that time, which made the author feel so deeply?
Students should be guided to link the information obtained from poems with their understanding of ancient poems.
Thirdly, we should understand ancient poetry and poet's feelings by combining materials.
Some materials collected by students can show the poet's life and historical events of writing poems before understanding the whole poem.
There are some key words that can be used to learn poetry, such as the poem "Xiuer", to understand the meaning of "but sad" and guide students to think about what is sad if the poet can't let go before he dies.
Teaching the sentence "When will the singing and dancing in the West Lake stop", combined with the data of the Southern Song Dynasty, understands that the dignitaries are not here to discuss the plan of restoring the Central Plains, but to have fun, and understands the reasons for the author's angry questioning.
What kind of situation is it to teach Ji Hai's miscellaneous poems? Combined with the data of the literary inquisition in Qing Dynasty, students can understand the author's strong desire to reform the present situation.
Fourthly, according to the imagination of poetry, students deeply understand the content of poetry and the poet's feelings.
The first two poems in "Shizi" are straightforward, and students can know the general idea by combining their notes. Students can think about "everything is empty" and pave the way for understanding "but sad" things in the future. Combined with the whole poem, create a situation to guide students' imagination, such as Lu You's state, expression and psychological activities when writing this poem, and guide students to sing with the poet in the situation, understand his persistent, deep, enthusiastic and sincere love for the motherland, and earnestly hope to recover lost ground and pacify the Central Plains.
With the help of text illustrations or courseware, students imagine the beautiful Xizi Lake, where the green hills are connected with tall buildings, and a scene of singing and dancing is rising. Around the last two sentences, imagine the actions of the dignitaries in the Southern Song Dynasty to forget the national disaster, steal peace and have fun. The students realized that the poet was hurt by the scene, and his heart was full of worries about the fate of the country and anger at the rulers who only wanted peace and stole peace and surrendered to the outside world.
In Ji Hai Miscellaneous Poems, students imagined the magnificent scenery of vibrant mountains and rivers according to the images provided by the first two poems, but in this vibrant scene, the horse bowed his head and dared not sing, thus realizing the poet's inner resentment. The last two poems can imagine the scene of the poet's dialogue with God and experience the poet's determination and boldness of vision for reform.
Fifth, emotional reading and recitation.
Reading aloud runs through the teaching of ancient poetry. On the basis of accurately grasping the tone of ancient poetry, students recite the poet's thoughts emotionally. "Xiuer" should read the poet's anguish and his desire to recover the mountains and rivers. We should read the poet's grief and indignation at the ruler's stealing peace and his feelings of worrying about the country and the people in Lin 'an Mansion. "Miscellaneous things in the Sea" expresses the poet's grief for Wan Ma Qiqi and his expectation for social reform. Reading phonology and emotional beauty.
Finally, be familiar with it and recite it. We can't just be quick and ignore the expression of ancient poetry.