He is a lame genius, who once fell into poverty and later strayed into the ranks of nobles. He never had a sense of belonging, unlike the nobility, who attacked the nobility, but he could not get rid of its superiority and arrogance.
The family was harsh, the domestic violence was brutal, his wife was cold and conservative, and his only daughter died young. So he has always loved, from birth to death, girls and boys, young women and heroes.
Exiled in a foreign country, he seems to be abandoned by his mother again, lonely and resistant to life. Love can't save him from wandering.
In the cold rain, he failed to survive and died young. I wonder if he was still thinking about his hometown when he died, from spring to summer.
Think of love during cholera. Garcí a Má rquez's first novel was published after winning the Nobel Prize in Literature.
It tells a love epic that spans half a century, exhausting all the possibilities of love: loyalty, secrecy, rudeness, shyness, platonism, debauchery, fleeting, life and death dependence ... It reproduces the ruthless passage of time, and is known as "the greatest love novel in human history", which is one of the most important classic literary works in the 20th century.
We are also in such a period. I don't know if love can survive. In the face of panic, epidemic and being trapped in the same place, where should our spirit be placed? Romance is about poetry, fantasy and informality. Stick to your beliefs and feelings. Even if you are confused and hesitant, there will be people who are similar to us.
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George Gordon Byron
(george gordon byron 1788- 1824)
He was a great English romantic poet in the early19th century. His masterpieces include Childe Haller's Travels and Don Juan, and he created a number of Byronic heroes in his poems. He is not only a great poet, but also a fighter who struggled for his ideals all his life. He actively and bravely joined the revolution, participated in the Greek national liberation movement and became one of the leaders.
A character's life → _→
1788 65438+1was born in a rented humble house in London on October 22nd. Both parents come from declining aristocratic families. He was born lame and sensitive to it. At the age of ten, the hereditary title and property of the Byron family (Newstad Abbey is its residence) fell into his hands and became Byron VI.
180 1 year, in order to match Byron's aristocratic status and position, the family decided to send him to a famous school-Harrow Public School. This school, founded by John Lynn in 157 1, has cultivated many famous figures in British history, among which Prime Minister Churchill, who worshipped Byron, graduated from this school.
After graduating from Harrow College, he studied literature and history at Cambridge University on 1805- 1808. He is not a diligent student. He seldom attends lectures, but he reads extensively European and British literature, philosophy and history. He also engaged in shooting, gambling, drinking, hunting, swimming, boxing and other activities.
1March, 809, entered the House of Lords as a hereditary aristocrat. He attended the House of Lords and delivered some speeches, but these speeches clearly showed Byron's position of freedom and progress.
After graduating from Cambridge, he was a member of the House of Lords. When I was a student, I was deeply influenced by the Enlightenment. 1809-181/kloc-0 traveled to Spain, Greece, Turkey and other countries, and was inspired by the anti-aggression and anti-oppression struggles of people from all over the world, and created the pilgrimage of Childe Harold (1809-65438
From1809-1811,Byron traveled abroad in the east in order to "witness human beings with his own eyes, not just read about them in books" and to sweep away "the harmful consequences of an islander staying at home with narrow prejudice".
1June 26th, 809, left England for the East (South Europe and West Asia). After half a year, take a boat to Lisbon, Portugal; Then ride a horse to Seville and Cadiz in southern Spain, and then go to Albania via Sardinia, Sicily and malta island to meet the ruler Ali Pasha there;
65438+ arrived in the famous Greek city of Athens on February 25th. Byron traveled abroad this time to enjoy the natural scenery, observe the social life and political system of various countries, and meet people from all walks of life. He saw with his own eyes the Spanish guerrillas who had dealt a heavy blow to the French invaders and the Greek people who had accumulated their strength to prepare for the liberation struggle under the ravages of Turkish soldiers.
This trip also aroused his strong interest in the cultures of various ethnic groups in southern Europe. All these have had a great influence on his thought and creation. I started writing Childe Harold's travels in Albania. The first and second chapters, 18 12, came out in February, causing a sensation in the literary world and making Byron a star in London society.
However, this did not make him compromise with the British aristocratic bourgeoisie. He has known the stubborn hypocrisy, evil and prejudice of this society and its ruling class since he was a child, and his poems have always been a protest against all this.
1811-1816, Byron has been living in a constant emotional vortex.
In the mass social life that can be seen everywhere, the love of taking part in accidental amusement is everywhere, and the affair of a young aristocratic poet is naturally talked about. 18 13 proposed to miss Anna milbank, 18 15 1 married her. This is the biggest mistake Byron made in his life.
Mrs. Byron is a narrow-minded person, deeply bound by her own class hypocrisy, and can't understand Byron's career and views at all. One year after his marriage, he returned home with his daughter, who had just been born for more than a month, and refused to live with Byron, thus causing rumors. The British ruling class took this opportunity to take the craziest revenge on its traitor Byron in an attempt to destroy this poet who dared to be his enemy. The painful feelings of this period also made him write poems like Prometheus, expressing his determination to resist the oppressors to the end.
18 16, Byron lived in Switzerland and met another exiled poet Shelley in Geneva. Their hatred for the British rulers and their love for poetry made them close friends.
While living abroad, Byron wrote Childe Harold's Travels (18 16-1817) and the story poem Priessner of Qilun1816, which was a tragedy.
Don Juan, his masterpiece, is his most important group of poems, which are semi-grand and semi-harmonious, narrative, realistic in content, unique and relaxed in style. After the first and second chapters were published anonymously, they immediately caused great repercussions. British newspapers defending bourgeois decency attacked it, accusing it of attacking religion and morality, which was "a mockery of decent and kind feelings and the code of conduct necessary for maintaining society" and "disgusted every normal mind".
1824, Byron was unfortunately caught in the rain and cold, and he couldn't afford to get sick. He died on April 65438, 2009.
His death deeply grieved the Greek people, and the Greek independent government declared Byron's death a state funeral, and the whole country mourned for three days.
On June 29th, the coffin arrived in London.
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romanticism
In his short life, he left many brilliant poems to the world, among which the most famous are the magnificent long lyric narrative poems Childe Harold's Travels and Don Juan.
In these brilliant works, which are praised as "lyric epics" by the world, Byron, a poet, used positive romanticism to integrate his personal experience of traveling in European countries into his works, and with a broad vision and profound brushwork, he showed a vast and magnificent picture of the times, expressed his lofty poet feelings and expressed his unyielding oath of struggle.
Byron's "lyric epic" presents a moving and beautiful scenery with the poet's wandering. "The exotic scenery from the Mediterranean to the Aegean Sea is unobstructed, from the rolling mountains of Portugal and the spectacular bullring of Spain to the solemn monuments of Greece and Rome and the mountains of Albania. There are not only the beautiful scenery along the Rhine, but also the twilight on the lake Geneva, St. Peter's Cathedral in the Vatican and the ancient battlefield in Waterloo.
Byron first used the poet's unparalleled enthusiasm to describe the scenery of these countries, inspiring people's patriotic enthusiasm and encouraging them to fight for the independence and liberation of the motherland. Byron deeply praised the sun, moon, oceans and mountains, and enthusiastically praised mythical heroes, ancient heroes, historical sites and cultural treasures, all in order to arouse people's will to resist and determination to struggle.
Byron's enthusiasm is various, and there is sympathy in his works: he frequently sighs for the Spanish people enslaved and oppressed by the royal courts and ruling classes in Britain, Spain and Portugal. There are also laments: I am deeply saddened by the tragic fate of the Greek people who have been ravaged by Turkey's iron hoof.
There are also praises in his works: sincere praise for rare treasures in ancient art, such as Apollo statues, laocoon sculptures, dying Gaul statues, Boccaccio and other relics of Renaissance masters.
Bolder: Remembering Italy's past glory, inspiring patriots to come forward and overthrow the tyrannical rule of foreign invaders with high battle songs. The poet's enthusiasm is ubiquitous and unstoppable in his works, such as his lofty praise for the vastness of the ocean:
Pentium, your unfathomable indigo ocean!
Thousands of ships are sailing in front of you, leaving no trace.
For example, his poetic and touching description of the moon:
The moon rises;
Oh, what a wonderful night!
The flowing moonlight pours on the waves;
Maybe,
The girls were turned upside down by the love words of teenagers.
As for us,
Come and taste the taste when you get ashore!
In the works of romantic poets, there is always unrestrained enthusiasm. Although the tone of his poems is sometimes fierce and sometimes ironic, whether full of pessimism or fighting pride, his poems are "always saturated with lyrical atmosphere and deep love and hate".
Not only that, the poet also used a lot of artistic techniques of narration and discussion in his poems, combined with the description of scenery, directly expressed his thoughts from touching the scene and told his incisive views on philosophy, society, politics, history, religion and art everywhere.
Therefore, if Byron's lyric narrative poems are outstanding, it is not only because of his broad vision and wonderful writing style, but also because of his rich and extensive humanistic knowledge. Therefore, Byron's poems are well-deserved to be called "lyric epic" by the world.
Byron is a passionate poet, and his enthusiasm is mainly manifested in his dissatisfaction and resistance to reality. Faced with the injustice of the ruling class and the slavery and oppression of the working class, many poems put forward strong resistance and bitter satire, but he not only satirized the darkness of society, but also devoted his enthusiasm to the battle cry. In a famous battle poem "Song of Luther", he shouted:
When we finish knitting our own clothes,
When we use swords instead of looms,
We're going to put the cloth
The tyrant who threw it at your feet
We'll dye it with his blood.
As a romantic poet, Byron also integrated great enthusiasm into the perfect combination of lyric and narrative skills, showing the distinctive artistic characteristics of his poems and the special artistic charm of romantic new poems. Lyric Epic shows a magnificent and shocking picture of the times: Spain is filled with the smoke of Napoleon's war of aggression, Italy is shivering under the iron heel of Austrian rule, and Greece is groaning under the slavery of Turkey.
In his thoughts, Byron described the pain and sorrow of the oppressed people and mercilessly exposed the greed and cruelty of the oppressors and aggressors. He paid tribute to the battlefield of Waterloo and commented on Napoleon's merits and demerits. On the beautiful shores of Lake Geneva, amid the lakes and mountains, he sang proudly, praising Rousseau, Voltaire and other enlighteners' lofty ideals of freedom and equality.
In Greece, when the poet was in the glorious ancient battlefield, he couldn't help feeling strong and passionate, expressing deep sympathy for the fate of the Greek people oppressed by foreign countries, and at the same time expressing his dissatisfaction and resentment that they forgot the brilliant achievements of their ancient ancestors. He wants to wake people up with loud battle songs and change their careless and negative attitude towards the fate of the motherland.
Byronic hero ~ ~ ~
In oriental narrative poems, there are a group of chivalrous and soft-hearted tough guys. They are pirates, pagans and exiles. Most of them are arrogant, lonely and stubborn rebels. They are incompatible with the evil society, fighting against fate alone and pursuing freedom always end in failure.
Byron showed his uncompromising resistance to society through their struggle, and also reflected his own depression, loneliness and hesitation. Is a famous Byronic hero in the history of literature. These images all have the author's own thoughts and personality characteristics.
They are arrogant and stubborn, dissatisfied with reality, demanding to rise up and resist, and their character is rebellious; But at the same time, it seems melancholy and lonely, pessimistic and divorced from the masses, and can not find the right way out. For example, Conrad, the hero of the pirate ship 18 14, Manfred, the hero of the philosophical drama Manfred, and so on.
The thoughts and personalities of these characters are contradictory: on the one hand, they love life and pursue happiness with fiery passion, strong love and extraordinary personality; Dare to despise the system, the evil forces of society are determined to retaliate, so they are rebels and avengers of evil forces.
On the other hand, he is arrogant and independent, secretive and prone to extremes. His ideological foundation is individualism and liberalism. He separated himself from the masses in the struggle and had no clear goal, so he ended in failure.
"Byronic hero" is the product of the opposition between individual and society. Russian literary critic belinsky and poet Pushkin both pointed out that Byronic Hero has weaknesses in individualism and liberalism. Metaphor is tragic and arrogant rebels, who all have extraordinary talents and strength but can't display them in a corrupt society. They feel pain for their inaction and despair for their emotional waste.
This is also an artistic reflection of the author's ideological characteristics and weaknesses. This kind of characters appeared in Byron's works one after another, which had a fierce impact on the feudal order and bourgeois society in Britain at that time and was of progressive significance. But its individualism, anarchism and pessimism often bring negative effects to readers.
Worship of Heroes is aloof, fanatical, romantic and full of rebellious spirit. I am lonely and depressed, but I despise small groups. Childe Harold was the first "hero worshipper". The most representative, combative and brilliant work, the long poem Don Juan describes the romantic stories of Don Juan, the son of a Spanish aristocrat, such as travel, love and adventure, exposes the dark, ugly and hypocritical side of society, and plays the battle song of freedom, happiness and liberation.
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Personality assessment
Byron's search for heroes was not limited to the eastern Mediterranean countries and the Middle Ages, because it was not difficult to put a romantic coat on Napoleon. Napoleon had a far-reaching influence on European thought in19th century. The thoughts of Klaus Witz, Stendhal, Heine, Fichte and Nietzsche and the actions of Italian patriots are all inspired by their spirits.
His ghost swaggered in the whole era, was the only force strong enough to resist industry and commerce, and made a mockery of peace theory and shop management. Tolstoy's War and Peace tries to get rid of this ghost, but in vain, because this ghost has never been so powerful as it is now.
Only once did he temporarily dislike heroes: 18 14 years. Suicide (in his opinion) is more respectable than abdication. At that time, he sought comfort from the virtues of Washington, but Napoleon no longer needed such efforts as soon as he returned from Elba.
When Byron died, many French newspapers said that Napoleon and Byron, two great men of this century, died almost at the same time. At that time, Byron was considered as "the noblest man in Europe" and felt like "losing a brother"; Later, I fell in love with Goethe, but I still compared Byron and Napoleon:
"It is almost necessary for you noble people to publish a work of art in one or another local language. Because, properly speaking, what can it be except to say that it is an argument with the devil before you start fighting with it?
Byron published Lord George's Sorrow with poems, essays and many other things: your Bonaparte staged his opera Napoleon's Sorrow with amazing grandeur; The soundtrack is the sound of cannons and the cry of killing people all over the world; His stage lighting is full of fire; Rhythm and recitation are the sound of soldiers marching in battle and the sound of cities falling. "
Indeed, in the next three chapters, Carlisle issued a clear command: "Close your Byron and open your Goethe". But Byron is in his blood, and Goethe is always an interest.
In Carlisle's view, Goethe and Byron are opposites; In Alfred de Miaosai's view, they are accomplices in the evil activities of injecting melancholy toxins into the souls of happy Gauls. At that time, it seemed that most French youths only knew Goethe through Solosovitt, and they didn't know the Olympic Goethe at all.
Miao Sai blamed Byron for not getting comfort from the Adriatic Sea and the Countess of Gichuli-this is incorrect, because he stopped writing about Manfred after he met her. But Don Juan is rarely read in France like Goethe's more pleasant poems. Despite Muse's bad comments, since then, most French poets have always regarded Byronic misfortune as the best material for their chanting.
In Miao Sai's view, after Napoleon, Byron and Goldstein are the greatest geniuses of the century. Born in 18 10, Muse Sai is a narrative lyric poem about the rise and fall of the French Empire, describing a generation born between the two battles of Conté de Uxbatelles.
In Germany, people have different feelings about Napoleon. There are people like Heine who regard him as a powerful propagator of liberalism, a destroyer of serfdom, an orthodox enemy and a person who makes the hereditary small state owners tremble;
Some people regard him as the enemy of Christ, who pretends to be the destroyer of the noble German nation. He is an unjust man, which completely proves that the virtue of the Germans can only be preserved through continuous hatred of France. Bismarck completed a synthesis: Napoleon is still the enemy of Christ after all, but he should not only hate it, but should imitate it.
Nietzsche admitted this compromise. He said with creepy joy that the era of classical war is coming. This is not the French Revolution, but Napoleon gave it to us. In this way, Byron's legacy-nationalism, Satanism and hero worship-became a part of the German spiritual complex.
The Story of Byron was highly praised by Tsunami Yusuke: "Byron waved his fiery pen and shocked Europe in the early19th century. Sound, like the sound of nature, penetrates the hearts of all people on earth. His truth falls on the general public with the power of universal truth ... As long as human beings have not lost their longing for freedom, patriotism, national independence and personality development, the spirit of the poet Byron will always stride forward on the earth. "
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Character thinking
Byron was a typical representative of aristocratic rebels at that time. Noble rebels and peasant rebels, or proletarian rebel leaders, are very different types of people. Hungry people don't need elaborate philosophy to arouse dissatisfaction or find an explanation for dissatisfaction. Any such thing, in their eyes, is just the entertainment of idle rich people.
Obviously, a noble, if his temperament and environment are not special, he will not become a rebel. Byron's environment is very special. His memory of his early childhood is a quarrel between his parents; Mother is a cruel woman, which makes him afraid and vulgar; ? Nanny has both vicious and strict Calvinist theology; Lameness filled him with shame and prevented him from becoming a member of the school group.
After a period of poverty, at the age of ten, he suddenly became a Lord and the owner of Newstead Manor. He inherited his great-uncle's inheritance. Uncle Evil killed a man in a duel 33 years ago, and his neighbors abandoned him after that. The Byron family has always been a family addicted to lawlessness, especially the Gordon family, the mother's ancestor.
After living a dirty life in a poor alley in Aberdeen, the child was naturally happy with his knighthood and government. He longed for the character of his ancestors to thank them for giving him land.
Byron's temperament and actions are mixed with Satan. As a teenager, he was called "Little Devil george byron george byron" more than once, which brought him great mental trauma.
It is not difficult to imagine how a lonely and sensitive child feels about this nickname with extreme self-esteem and inferiority. His frequent anger, bad temper and gloomy mood all day really make him look evil.
Byron regarded himself as a demon who deviated from religion and was deported, and often reveled in shame. We can't agree with his bohemian, but we can understand his psychology as a rebel: since he is rejected by the world, he must be an out-and-out demon, breaking with God completely and openly flouting the church, believers and worship ceremonies.
He wandered in the notoriety and enjoyed the pleasure of cruel revenge on the world. In his letter to Thomas Moore, he jokingly mentioned his debauchery and idleness, and mentioned in a seemingly casual tone: "There is a long poem against Byron to be published, which proves that I organized a long poem, overthrew all religious and government conspiracy groups, and made great progress ..."
His twisted resistance just reflects Byron's spiritual connection with the devil. Satan-like figures are also recognized and praised by Byron. For example, Cain was cursed and expelled for killing Abel in the Bible. But in the play, his image has changed a lot, and he became a hero praised by Byron because of his confrontation with God.
Cain didn't give in to any force. He was arrogant. Byron said, "I must make Cain and Lucifer reach an agreement. Indeed, this is always allowed in poetry.
Cain is a proud man: if Lucifer promises him a kingdom, it will make him proud: the devil's purpose is to make him stop being so pretentious as he used to be, and let him see the infinity of the world and his humbleness until he falls into a state of mind that leads to disaster, only because he is angry at the moment, not out of premeditated or jealous Abel (which will make him despicable). "
Cain's arrogant personality is strikingly similar to Byron's. Byron lived an unhappy and lonely life like Cain after being exiled by the upper class, so he always tended to Cain unconsciously.
Byron later wrote many lofty poems praising freedom, which is the freedom of the German state owner or Cherokee chief, rather than the inferior freedom that ordinary people can enjoy if they want. Although Byron thought he could compete with Satan, he never dared to put himself in the position of God.
In the process of arrogance development, Nietzsche made the following steps. He said, "If there is a god, how can we stand it if we are not gods?" So there is no god. "Pay attention to the unspoken premise in this reasoning:" Anything that hurts our self-esteem must be judged as wrong. "
Nietzsche, like Byron, was even more deeply educated in religion, but because of his superior rationality, he found a better way to escape from reality than Satan. But Nietzsche always sympathized with Byron. He said:
"The tragedy is that if we have strict realistic methods in emotion and reason, we can't believe the dogma in religion and metaphysics, but on the other hand, through the development of human nature, we become very subtle, sensitive and painful, and need a supreme means of salvation and comfort. As a result, there is a danger that people will bleed to death because of the truth they know. "
For Nietzsche, great men are like gods; In Byron's view, it was usually the Titan who fought against himself. However, sometimes he also described a saint like Zarathustra-"Pirate". When dealing with subordinates, he grasped their souls better, and guided despicable people with that kind of preemptive means, making them feel cold and confused.
It is this hero who hates human beings and has no regrets. There is a footnote here that categorically states that "pirates" are in line with the reality of human nature, because the Vandals' king Ganserik, the Emperor Party tyrant Ezzelino and a pirate in Anna and luisi all show the same characteristics.
People's stories ~ ~ ~
When Byron was in Cambridge, he often had some strange behaviors: he sneaked into the fountain pool to swim despite the ban; Dogs are not allowed in the dormitory, so he deliberately raised a bear and fed it in the attic on the left side of the tower. ...
He is always sensitive to women.
/kloc-One summer when he was 0/5 years old, he returned to Newstead, met a girl named Mary Ann Chá vez, and fell in love. Although Byron loved her very much, in 1805, she married a noble son. When young Byron recalled his early contact with her, he said with great regret, "This enthusiasm is only one-sided ... She likes me as much as her younger brother."
/kloc-At the age of 0/8, a girl named Elizabeth Piguet suddenly came into Byron's life. Encouraged by his girlfriend, young Byron tried to write poems. The following year, the first book of poetry, Idle Time, was published. At this time, Byron was studying at Cambridge University in England, and their relationship remained until Byron got a bachelor's degree in literature. But for various reasons, Byron's love failed again.
Soon he began his third love-a girl named Cesar fell in love with the talented Byron, which immediately won the poet's attention. During the meeting, the poet wrote many poems for her. Later, Byron researchers also called it "Cesar Poetry". Who knows, while the poet was in love, Cesar died unfortunately, which made the poet feel very painful and sorry.
Although he has been in love for three times, Byron's great attraction to women has not disappeared. 1812 ~1815, the apprentice made a splash and then inexplicably married Ann milbank. She is a cold, serious and sensible woman, which doesn't suit him at all-just that she has more money. Milban gave birth to a daughter and left him within a year, implying that he was having an affair with his half-sister Augusta. This made the whole society turn hostile to him and maliciously slandered him, which was no less than the praise and touting of him at the beginning.
Byron didn't want to endure this insult any longer, so he left England and never came back. In the next few years, he spent mainly in Venice, but even so, he still had many affairs.
On April 9th, at Bentsen Palace in Venice, she was introduced to Countess Teresa Gweicelli. He is almost 32 years old, and Teresa is only 18 years old. On the first day of acquaintance, Byron suggested that Teresa go out with him alone, wherever she went. Later, she received a divorce certificate approved by the Vatican and left Teresa, which made Byron's relationship with her further.
1822, the poet's daughter Alegra died of illness. After that, Byron and Teresa lived together until/kloc-0 died in 824.
Byron wrote poems for all the people he loved-many beautiful lyrics were written because of his rich emotional life.
In Harrow, Byron realized that he had different sexual orientations. After entering Cambridge, I began a lifelong same-sex relationship: I met a 15-year-old choir boy, John Ed Ralston, in Cambridge. Years later, Byron described this relationship as "intense and pure love and passion" and wrote: "I love him more than anything in the world."
Byron died with a souvenir from Ed Ralston.
Some people say it's agate and heart-shaped ornaments made in time, while others say it's a ring.