(1) encounter: same as "even". (2) Hangjia (G incarnation): Going out for business. Being a good businessman was regarded as a cheap industry in the Han Dynasty. (3) This original sentence is "dusty". Liu Zhaoji said in the article "About Orphans" that the word "earth" may be taken off at the end of the sentence, which is hereby supplemented. (4) Looking after horses: looking after mules and horses. 5] Gaotang: main room, hall. [6] Line: Reply. Take: the provincial text of the word "fun"; Fun, ancient with "trend", hurry away. (7) Wrong hands: it means that both hands are cracked like a wrong stone (whetstone). Once said, "wrong" should be read as "queque", with chapped skin. (8) Fei: communicating with the "leaf", straw sandals. ⑼ 怆 怆: Sad look. On the one hand, LUN Cheng should be pronounced as "stagger" and scurry. Frost: stepping on the winter frost. ⑽ Intestine: that is, the "sural" is the meat behind the shin. ⑾渫渫: Tears streaming down my face. ⑿ complex: short jacket. [13] Death: Jude said "underground". These three sentences mean that it is better to die early and follow your parents in the ground if you live in the world and suffer. [14] It will be a melon cart: pushing a melon cart. Push, push. Yes, this, this. ⒂ Repetition: Same as "overturning". [16] Ti: Guati. As the saying goes, "Guaba Er". ⒄ Independence: According to Wang Yinzhi, "independence" is still "will"; "Qi" is an auxiliary word in a sentence. ⒅ school plan: still "care". These four sentences mean that I want to go home as soon as possible, and I hope you will return Guati to me, because my sister-in-law is mean to me and will have a quarrel again. Trick in: Jude said "at home". B: Noisy. The orphan heard his brother and sister-in-law yelling at home from a distance. ⒇ Give it to:. [2]
Through the orphans' narration of their miserable fate and inner sorrow, this article truly and powerfully exposes the serious social problems of brothers and sisters-in-law abusing orphans in feudal families, and angrily condemns this immoral behavior. It is an excellent poem with strong humanitarian appeal. The whole poem is divided into three parts: first, the first three sentences of orphans lament that they were born in the world by accident, but they count his fate. "Encounter" is the excuse of "accidentally", and "encounter" means to be born by accident. Starting with the whole article with lamentation, people are drawn into a situation full of tragic atmosphere from the beginning. Second, from "when parents are here" to "when the school is prosperous", it is the main part of the poem to recount the endless abuse of orphans by their brothers and sisters year after year. Third, the word "chaos" ends with the desperate mood of orphans tortured by their brothers and sisters, which not only runs through the narrative in the second part, but also echoes the words lamented in the first part. The second part can be divided into three parts: the first part is from "when parents are here" to "orphans cry like rain" The life of orphans is divided into two distinct periods based on the death of their parents. "Riding a hard car and driving a horse" is not necessarily a complete portrayal of the actual situation. It is more likely to be a psychological image of the orphan when he is nostalgic for his happy life in the past, but it also shows his status as a spoiled child at home. After his parents died, he immediately became a handmaiden hired by his brother and sister-in-law without spending money. "south to Jiujiang, east to Qi and Lu" is a way to tell him that his trip to Jia is far away. "His head is full of lice and his face is full of dust", and he is writing about the hardships of eating and drinking all the way. However, when he returned home in the cold winter, he "didn't dare to talk to himself". This shows the coldness of his brother and sister-in-law and the fear of orphans. Predecessors pointed out: "The bitter point is that you dare not speak for yourself." (Tan Yuanchun's comments, The Return of Ancient Poems, Volume 5) are profound and subtle. After returning home, the orphan couldn't get a moment's rest, and his brother and sister-in-law pushed a lot of heavy housework on him. They just set up a good meal in Gaotang and hurried to your highness's hall to take care of the horses. "Go" means to recover, and "take" means to rush. Combining the two tasks of "cooking" and "looking after the horse" with the word "taking care of the line" makes it even more urgent and hurried, such as seeing an orphan panting and exhausted. The orphan's life has changed from "riding a hard car and driving a horse" to "walking a good horse" and "looking after a horse". The contrast between the past and the present is extremely clear, which can arouse the shock of the mind more than simply saying all kinds of hardships. The second paragraph is from "make me go to the bank" to "go down from the underground". The orphan braved the cold to get water in the distance and returned at dusk. His hands were chapped, he didn't even wear a pair of sandals on his feet, he stepped on the frost and his heart was sad. What's more, the thorn covered with frost plunged into his leg mercilessly, but after it was pulled off, its thorn was broken in the shin flesh, and the pain was unbearable, which made the orphan even sadder, and tears streamed down his eyes. "numerous", constantly). Brother and sister-in-law only regard him as a tool to use, and never care about his cold and warmth. He has no short jacket to keep out the cold in winter and no single coat to cover himself in summer. In the poem, there are three words: "there is no Philippines in the first step", "there is no recovery in winter, and there is no light clothing in summer". The three words "nothing" summarize the sufferings of orphans in rags all year round. His life is boring, so he has the idea of suicide. If the first paragraph of "tears are like rain" still shows a sense of sadness, the second paragraph of "going down from the underground grave" has turned into a life-weariness, which shows that the orphan's mood has developed in a more depressed direction. The third section is from "spring pneumatic" to "when the school is booming". Yang and the flow of cloth, green grass sprouted, and the nature that woke up from the cold appeared a thriving scene. However, the orphan's life is still so miserable. In March, he will pick mulberry and raise silkworms, and in June, he will pick vegetables and melons. This is a big talk. The poem goes on to describe the harvest of melons, and the pen is sad. It is sad that orphans are forced by their brothers and sisters to collect melons; Young and weak, unbearable, causing the melon car to fall over, which is another sadness; Passers-by do not help, but take the opportunity to eat their melons for free, which is also sad; Orphans should have reprimanded passers-by for their unjust trip, but they are too weak to compete with them, so they have to turn to begging for help, which is even more sad. It is an example that Han Yuefu successfully used details to tell stories and portray outstanding characters. This passage is coherent with the narrative of the last word "chaos" and reflects the further changes in the psychology of orphans. The orphan begged passers-by to return his melon seeds so that he could take them home and count them, hoping to reduce his brother and sister-in-law's expensive punishment. "Be alone and hurry home" means that orphans should (be "independent" soon) go home as soon as possible, so as to explain the reasons to their brothers and sisters before they get wind of it. However, when he approached the place where he lived, he heard his brother and sister-in-law screaming-they had already learned about it and would not listen to the orphan's explanation any more, and the consequences of waiting for his fierce poison could be imagined. When there is no way to complain, orphans once again think of their dead parents and commit suicide, which responds to the previous "parents have gone" and "going underground", and at the same time shows the sharp change of their psychology from luck to despair after the orphans are covered with melons. The whole poem adopts the way of first-person narration, which completely reflects the linear process of orphan's fate. This artistic conception of the work is in line with the identity of the protagonist's orphan, because the orphan's pain is not only reflected in his usual hard work, but also reflected in his lonely situation where no one can tell and talk; His pain is not only from sudden incidents, but also accompanied by his sad tears in a lot of trivial things that people have driven and encountered for years. Therefore, the author chooses the self-report way to reflect the orphan's painful life through many trivial matters, which is more realistic. Another feature of this poem is that the narrator's topic center is scattered. For a while, writing is unbearable for my brother and sister-in-law, for a while, writing about himself is thin and dirty, and his clothes are endless, and for a while, writing about the sadness and resentment in his heart. These three parts appear in turn to form a cycle, and the whole poem is mainly composed of their repeated changes. On the one hand, the dispersion of the orphan's topic center reflects his upset mood because of pain, on the other hand, this way of telling is the characteristic of the conversation of minors with weak intelligence, which coincides with his age. The language of the work is simple and plain, the sentence length is irregular, the rhyme is relatively free, and it has obvious characteristics of oral poetry. [