Poetry, Ci and Qu are three categories of ancient poetry.
1. Poetry
Ancient poetry can be divided into two categories: classical poetry and modern poetry. Classical poetry refers to poetry without strict rules, while modern poetry has a fixed format.
Classical poetry: also known as ancient poetry and ancient style, refers to the poetry before the emergence of modern poetry in Tang Dynasty. Sentences are generally neat and rhyming, but there are no strict rules on the number of words, sentences, rhymes, levels and antithesis, which can be regarded as a style. Every sentence of a poem has several words, which are called few words. According to words, there are four-character poems and five-character poems (referred to as "")
Modern poetry: Modern poetry refers to metrical poetry formed in the Tang Dynasty. At that time, in order to distinguish it from the non-metrical poems in the past, metrical poems were called modern poems or modern poems.
Modern poetry can be divided into three types: metrical poetry, quatrains and arranger.
Rhymes are divided into five-character rhymes and seven-character rhymes. Each poem has eight sentences, and every two sentences are called couplets. The first two sentences are called couplets, three or four sentences are called couplets, five or six sentences are called couplets and seven or eight sentences are called couplets. The two couplets in the middle must be right. Rhymes at the end of sentences (usually rhymes, and the first sentence may or may not rhyme). Every word.
Quatrains are also called truncated sentences or broken sentences, because their forms are very similar to those of intercepting half a metrical poem or five words and seven words. Every four sentences, two or four sentences must rhyme (usually flat rhyme), and it is also stipulated whether each word in a sentence should be flat or silent. For example, the quatrains of 1 1 4th of the month need not be confronted.
Step 2 talk
Ci also has the names of Quzi Ci, long and short sentences, Yu Shi and Yuefu. Ci originated in the Southern Dynasties, formed in the Tang Dynasty and prevailed in the Song Dynasty. At first, it was used to compose music for a score and to sing. The lyrics of the score are called lyrics, and the tones selected for the lyrics are called tunes. These tunes all have names (such as "water turns around" and "Niannujiao"), which are called epigrams. Later,
Words are generally divided into three categories according to the number of words: poetry, alto and long sound. Fifty-nine to ninety words are alto; More than 9 1 word is a long sound. One paragraph of a word is monotonous, two paragraphs are disyllabic, three paragraphs and four paragraphs are three or four tones, and one paragraph is long. The two segments in the diphone are called up and down, and the segments in the triple and quadruple are called first and second in order.
3. quart (short for Quart)
Qu is the further development of ci. During the Song and Jin Dynasties, new music lyrics were produced in the north, and in the Yuan Dynasty, Yuan Qu (also known as Northern Qu) was formed on an equal footing with Tang and Song Ci. Yuanqu includes Sanqu and Zaju. Sanqu is a oratorio, including poems and several episodes. Zaju is a kind of opera that can be performed. In addition, what Liu Xiao sings in Nanqu is called Nanxi Opera.
Poetry generally takes a piece of music as an independent unit, with only a few to a dozen words, which must be filled in according to the number of words, level tone and rhyme specified in the music.
Suite number, also known as divertimento or Sanqu, is a complete set of songs, consisting of two or more songs, and its composition has certain rules.
Zaju is a traditional opera in China, with words, introductions and lyrics. It has a complete story, usually divided into 40% and a wedge. A fold is equivalent to a scene, and the wedge is at the beginning or middle of 40%, which is equivalent to a prologue or a cut. The whole play is promoted and portrayed through the cooperation of introduction, introduction and lyrics. The characters are full, final, clean and ugly. The whole play is sung by the protagonist alone.
An overview of Tang poetry
The Tang Dynasty (AD 6 18-907) was the heyday of the development of classical poetry in China. Tang poetry is one of China's outstanding literary heritages and a bright pearl in the treasure house of world literature. Although it has been more than 1000 years, many poems are still widely circulated by us.
There were many poets in the Tang Dynasty. Li Bai, Du Fu and Bai Juyi are world-famous great poets. Besides them, there are countless other poets, just like the stars in the sky. Today, there are more than 2,300 famous poets. More than 48,900 of their works have been preserved in the whole Tang poetry. Tang poetry has a wide range of subjects. Some of them reflected the class status and class contradictions of the society at that time, and revealed. Some praise the just war and express patriotic thoughts; Some depict the beauty of the motherland's rivers and mountains; In addition, some people express their personal ambitions and experiences, some people express their children's love, and some people tell the friendship of friends, the joys and sorrows of life, etc. In a word, natural phenomena, dynamics, working life, social customs and personal feelings can't escape the poet's keen eyes, making their writing the theme. In terms of creative methods, there are both realism and romanticism, and many great works are of these two kinds.
There are many forms of Tang poetry. The classical poems in the Tang Dynasty are basically five words and seven words. There are also two kinds of modern poems, one is called quatrains, and the other is called metrical poems. There are differences between quatrains and metrical poems, so there are basically six basic forms of Tang poetry: five-character ancient poems, seven-character ancient poems, five-character quatrains, seven-character quatrains and five-character metrical poems. Words can be long or short and rhymes can be changed. Modern poetry has strict requirements for rhythm: the number of sentences in a poem is limited, that is, four quatrains and eight-meter metrical poems, and the words in each poem are even and even, and the rhyme cannot be changed; Rhyme also requires four sentences in the middle. The style of classical poetry is handed down from the previous generation, so it is also called archaism. Modern poetry has strict rules, so some people call it metrical poetry.
The forms and styles of Tang poetry are rich and colorful, which not only inherits the traditions of Han and Wei folk songs and Yuefu, but also greatly develops the singing style. It not only inherited the five-character or seven-character ancient poems of the previous generation, but also developed into a long and huge system of narrative romance; It not only expanded the use of five-character and seven-character styles, but also created modern poems with particularly beautiful and neat styles. Modern poetry was a new style of poetry at that time, and its emergence and maturity was an important event in the history of Tang poetry development. It pushed the artistic features of China's ancient poems with harmonious syllables and refined words to an unprecedented height, and found a typical form for ancient lyric poetry, which has been especially loved by people so far. However, the rhythm in modern poetry