"The Yellow River has fallen into the East China Sea, and Wan Li has written in his arms." Li Bai gave Pei fourteen songs.
The Yellow River is getting farther and farther away, because it flows in the middle of the Yellow River, and Yumenguan is located on a lonely mountain. Wang Zhihuan Liangzhou Ci
The vast desert is lonely, and the Yellow River sets the yen. Wang Wei's Frontier Ambassador
The mountains cover the day, the sea exhausts the golden river, and the ring of the king stays in the heron lodge.
I will cross the Yellow River, but the ice will choke the ferry, and I will climb the Taihang Snow Mountain's "Difficult to Walk" by Li Bai.
Wan Li sand in the Yellow River, waves scouring the wind from Tianya Liu Yuxi's Tang Dynasty "Waves scouring the sand"
If you don't reach the Yellow River, you won't die. If you hit the south wall, you won't look back. The Great Wall of Wan Li is long, heroes travel all over the world, and Wan Li writes it in his heart. White said that the mountains and rivers are exhausted, and the seas are dry and the rocks are rotten. By going up one flight of stairs sees thousands of miles away (Wang Zhihuan's Dengque Building). Mount Tai becomes a grindstone, and the Yellow River becomes a belt. (Ruan Ji's "Yong Huai") The Yellow River twists and turns, and the Hua Yue Third Summit comes once. (Huang Zi's "Send to Shaanxi for Senate") The Wan Li of the Yellow River touches the mountain, and the vortex hub turns to Qin Mine. (Li Bai's "Xiyue Yuntai Song Send Dan Qiu Zi") Xiyue is magnificent, and the Yellow River is like a silk sky. (ditto) The Yellow River fell into the East China Sea, and Wan Li wrote it in his mind. (Li Bai 14 presents Pei) The Yellow River comes to Kunlun from the west, roaring Wan Li and touching Longmen. (Wu Gong Crossing the River by Li Bai) The Yellow River can hold soil, but the north wind hates rain and snow. (Li Bai's Popular North) The Yellow River is an isolated city, Wan Ren, far above the white clouds. Why use the elegy of willow to complain about the delay of spring, old Yumenguan, a spring breeze is not blowing! (Wang Zhihuan's "Liangzhou Ci") Nine songs about the Yellow River, sand in Wan Li, waves scouring the wind from the horizon. Since you are from the sky, and now you seem to fly directly to the Milky Way, please take me to the sky, gather in the Milky Way, and go to the home of Cowherd and Weaver Girl together. (Liu Yuxi's Nine Waves Sand) There are nine waves of sand in the Wan Li of the Yellow River, and the waves sweep from the cliff. Now go straight to the milky way, until the yellow river night in the moonlight, and the cold sand is like a battlefield. Using the sound of water, Ye Ping deserted. Wu is difficult to reach, Yantai Road is very long. A person is a guest for a long time. Looking at the magnificence of the hundred rivers, the beauty of the Yellow River is still ink. The diving in Kunlun is extremely steep, and the accumulated stones are steep. Climb the Longmen to swim south, and stroke Huayin in Kuifu. The spiritual emperor came surging, surpassing Luoling and Bai Yang. The snake in the afterlife is the snake in the sky. In midsummer, the force can be measured, and the north is desolate. Two weeks after going north, it flows to the south of Sanjin. Qin painted Xinjiang from the west, from the west and from the east. Yin disciple always involved in it, and Wei moved to Xinjiang. Zhao decided not to cross Wei, but also took the ditch and destroyed the beam. Thinking about the sigh of flowers is incalculable. Poems and songs about the Yellow River, from the Book of Songs to many literary classics such as Tang poetry, Song lyrics and Yuan songs, as well as a large number of cultural classics, also originated in the Yellow River, which is a shining treasure in the Yellow River civilization. Li Bai said in his poem: Without looking at how the water of the Yellow River moves out of heaven, it rushes to the sea and never returns. The Yellow River falls to the East China Sea, and Wan Li writes it in his arms. (To Pei XIV) Wang Zhihuan said: The Yellow River is far above the white clouds, and it is an isolated city, Wan Ren Mountain. Why use the elegy of willow to complain about the delay of spring, old Yumenguan, a spring breeze is not blowing! ("Liangzhou Ci") A hundred times more than one Jin Shan, the sea drained the golden river. By going up one flight of stairs looked at Wang Wei's poem thousands of miles away (in the heron lodge) and said: The desert is lonely and straight, and the long river is around. (Catch up with the traffic jam) "The ferryman's horn roared, and the boatman pulled the fiber and sank step by step. Carrying thousands of pieces of cloth, the boatman will not cover himself with rags. Carrying thousands of tons of grain, the boatman can only chew bran buns. Warlord bosses get rich, Yellow River boatmen are poor. ""Yi Long out of kunlun, shaking his head through three. The roar shook the mountains and drove the boat in the stormy waves. " "Three gas zhou yu in jiangdong, zhuge liang will sacrifice to the east wind. Three sacrifices to the east wind burned millions of soldiers in Cao Ying. " Yellow River boatmen have lived on the Yellow River for generations and drifted in wooden boats. They know the Yellow River like the back of their hand and regard ships as treasures. The boatmen created colorful and unique Yellow River trumpets in their life practice of fighting against the wind and waves of the Yellow River. The sound of the horn expresses the complicated feelings of the boatmen, reflecting their joy, anger, sorrow, joy, worry, resentment, sorrow and joy. The yellow river boatman's chant, accompanied by the boatman's labor, is the melody of boat people's life. . "Jiuqu Yellow River Wan Li sand, waves scouring the wind and winnowing from the horizon [Jiuqu Yellow River Wan Li sand, waves scouring the wind and winnowing from the horizon]. These are the first two sentences in Liu Yuxi's first poem in the Tang Dynasty. The last two sentences are: "Now go directly to the Milky Way, to the home of Penny and the Weaver Girl. "The Yellow River falls into the East China Sea, and Wan Li writes it in my mind. (To Pei XIV) Wang Zhihuan said: The Yellow River is far above the white clouds, and it is an isolated city, Wan Ren Mountain. Why use the elegy of willow to complain about the delay of spring, old Yumenguan, a spring breeze is not blowing! ("Liangzhou Ci") A hundred times more than one Jin Shan, the sea drained the golden river. By going up one flight of stairs looked at Wang Wei's poem thousands of miles away (in the heron lodge) and said: The desert is lonely and straight, and the long river is around. (Catch up with the traffic jam) "The ferryman's horn roared, and the boatman pulled the fiber and sank step by step. Carrying thousands of pieces of cloth, the boatman will not cover himself with rags. Carrying thousands of tons of grain, the boatman can only chew bran buns. Warlord bosses get rich and Yellow River boatmen are poor. " "Yi Long out of kunlun, shake the first three. The roar shook the top of the mountain and drove the boat in stormy waves. " "Three gas zhou yu in jiangdong, zhuge liang will sacrifice to the east wind. Three sacrifices to the east wind burned millions of soldiers in Cao Ying. "Every year, after the garrison defends Huang Jinhe, the hand knife waving a whip keeps ringing day and night. (Liu Tang Zhong Yong, "Complaining on the Requisition of the People") The Yellow River flows eastward and falls to the West Sea in vain. (Tang Li Bai's "Ancient Style") The balcony is separated by Chu water, and spring grass gives birth to the Yellow River. (Don Li Bai's Farewell) The Haixi Army on the north bank of the Yellow River is full of gongs and drums. (Tang Du Fu's "Yellow River") sent Kunlun five-color flow, and a yellow turbidity penetrated Zhongzhou. " One river does not return, and it is a romantic figure through the ages. " Su Dongpo's waves and sand, Liu Yuxi's nine-song Yellow River and Wan Li sand, waves and strong winds swept across the horizon. Since you are from the sky, and now you seem to fly directly to the Milky Way, please take me to the sky, gather in the Milky Way, and go to the home of Cowherd and Weaver Girl together. The Yellow River is getting farther and farther away, because it flows in the middle of the Yellow River, and Yumenguan is located on a lonely mountain. -"Liangzhou Ci" Two Poems on the Yellow River in Wang Zhihuan Author: Du Fu Year: Tang Style: Four Unique Categories: Unknown Haixi Army on the North Bank of the Yellow River, drums and bells ringing all over the world. There are countless iron horses, and the conference semifinals are crowded with high noses. The west bank of the Yellow River is my country, Shu, and I have to support my family without millet. I would like to wear a man to the king, mix a car full of books and abandon gold and jade. Two Yellow River Authors: Du Fu's Age: Tang Genre: Four Unique Categories: Unknown Haixi Army on the north bank of the Yellow River, with gongs and drums ringing all over the world. There are countless iron horses, and the conference semifinals are crowded with high noses. The west bank of the Yellow River is my country, Shu, and I have to support my family without millet. I would like to wear a man to the king, mix a car full of books and abandon gold and jade. Since Gong Luozhou entered the Yellow River, he sent a message to his friends in Fuxian County. Author: Wei Cangshan Road faces east, and the southeast mountain is connected with a big river. Sparse trees are faintly visible on the horizon, and the sunset is swaying in the rushing river. How old is an isolated village near the Iraqi coast? A wild goose is flying under the north wind in Chuqing. I want to tell the officials and friends roaming in Romania that my heart is like a boat without a tether.
Harnessing the Yellow River and building water conservancy have a long history. The earliest irrigation project in China was the pond in the Yellow River Basin (now southwest of Xianyang, Shaanxi Province), and it was recorded in The Book of Songs that "the pond flows northward and wets the paddy fields".
In the early Warring States period, large-scale water diversion and irrigation projects began to appear in the Yellow River basin. In 422 BC, Ximen Bao built twelve canals by imperial edict, leading to Zhanghe River, a tributary of the Yellow River at that time, to irrigate farmland. In 246 BC, Qin built the Zheng Guoqu in Shaanxi and irrigated more than 40,000 hectares of land with Jinghe River. "So the guanzhong fertile soil, no fierce years. Qin Fuqiang died as a vassal. " It played an important role in the process of Qin's unification of China.
The Han Dynasty paid more attention to farmland water conservancy, built six auxiliary canals and white canals, and expanded the irrigation area of Zheng Guoqu. At the same time, Guo Cheng Canal and Lingbi Canal were built on the Weihe River, and Guanzhong area became the earliest economic zone in China.
In order to consolidate the frontier, the policy of reclaiming farmland and guarding the frontier was implemented from Qin and Han Dynasties, and canals were opened to irrigate fields in Huangshui River Basin and Ningmeng Hetao Plain along the Yellow River, which turned a large desert into a green state and won the reputation of "being on the south of the Yangtze River".
In order to ensure the supply of Kyoto such as Chang 'an, Luoyang and Kaifeng, the water transport development in the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River has a long history.
Dayu's achievements in water control also include harnessing the Yellow River, where there are great Miao people everywhere. Hospital? Wei Yongnai, Nan Zhun stole it? What's the matter with you?
As early as the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, dikes were generally built in the lower reaches of the Yellow River. In 65 1 year BC, Qi Huangong, one of the five tyrants in the Spring and Autumn Period, put forward an "irresistible" ban to solve the dispute of embankment construction among vassal states. In the long historical period since then, with the frequent flooding and diversion of the Yellow River, defending against the Yellow River floods has become a major event of successive dynasties, and a lot of manpower and financial resources have been invested to continuously block the mouth and repair the defense. In the Western Han Dynasty, there were official positions such as "River Embankment Builder" and "River Embankment Man", and all county governors along the river had the responsibility of guarding the river embankment, with thousands of full-time personnel guarding the river embankment. "Ten counties near the river, heavily treating the river embankment", the river defense project has been quite large. According to the Records of Gou Yan in Han Dynasty, the upper and lower Qishuikou of the Yellow River (now southwest of hua county) has become a "river on the ground", and the dike body is "four or five feet high" (about 9~ 1 1 m), and the dike body is also very high. It is recorded in Historical Records of Hequ that in 109 BC, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty ordered "Ji Renhe sent tens of thousands of people to stop the river" and personally led his ministers to the scene to participate in the river closure, indicating that the Yellow River closure has been a quite huge project. The earliest large-scale river regulation project recorded in Historical Records was "Wang Jing River Regulation" in 69 AD, "Yongping 12 years, and it was planned to build a branch canal", "sending hundreds of thousands of soldiers to build a dike with Wu Wang, and building a dike from Xingyang to Haikou thousands of miles east". "In the summer and April of the 13th year of Yongping, a branch canal was built ... Zhao Yue said:' ... Now, the embankment has been built, the canal has been rectified, the water has been cut off, the gate has been set up, the rivers and tributaries have been diverted, and its old traces have been restored'". Although the scene saves the service fee, it is still tens of billions. The invasion of the Yellow River south was curbed, and the water transport in the side canal was resumed, which achieved good results.
Kaifeng, the capital of the Northern Song Dynasty, was seriously flooded by the Yellow River. The Song Dynasty attached great importance to river management, and set up a water superintendent with greater authority to be responsible for river management. Local officials along the river attach importance to river affairs, and set up river bank judges in each state to be responsible for river affairs. The imperial court was very important and participated in the debate on river regulation strategy. During this period, the problem of river regulation has aroused many people's discussion, deepened their understanding of the situation and water situation of the Yellow River, and made great progress in river engineering technology. In particular, Wang Anshi presided over the mechanical dredging of rivers, diverting water from the Yellow River and developing silt irrigation, and made many innovations in river management technology.
After the Ming Dynasty, with the development of social economy and the aggravation of the flood disaster of the Yellow River, the imperial court paid more attention to river management, and the river management institutions were gradually improved. In the Ming Dynasty, the Ministry of Industry was in charge of river management, and the prime minister was directly responsible for the river. Later, the title of military affairs was added to the prime minister's river course, so he could directly command the army. Local officials below the governor of the provinces along the river also had the responsibility of river course management, and gradually strengthened the unified management of downstream river affairs. In the Qing dynasty, the governor of the river channel had greater authority and was directly ordered by the court. In the late Ming and early Qing Dynasties, the river regulation made great progress, and the technology of dike maintenance and management made great progress. A group of effective river regulation experts, represented by Pan Jixun and Jin Fu, emerged. During the late Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China, wars continued, the national government declined, and river management was at a standstill. In modern times, water conservancy experts, represented by Zhang and Zhang, strongly advocated the introduction of western advanced technology and studied the comprehensive management strategy of the Yellow River, but it was always difficult to make achievements due to the constraints of social and economic cooperation.
Throughout the history of harnessing the Yellow River, before the founding of the People's Republic of China, the so-called river harnessing was actually limited to the lower reaches of the Yellow River, and it was mainly passive flood prevention. However, the long history of river management has left many documents and classics, which are rare for other rivers in the world. This is a valuable legacy, which deserves our further study and reference.