Tang Bai Juyi
The imperial city withered in spring, and it was noisy.
* * * If you say peony, you will buy flowers with you.
The price is changeable, and the reward directly depends on the number of flowers:
Burn a hundred red flowers and press five bundles of vegetarian food.
Hang a curtain on it and weave a fence next to it.
Sprinkle water and seal it with mud, and the color will not change.
Everyone is used to it, and everyone is confused.
There is an Weng who comes to buy flowers occasionally.
Bow your head and sigh alone, this sigh is unparalleled:
A bunch of dark flowers, ten people bless!
[explanation]
Spring in Beijing is coming to an end, and there are noisy cars and horses coming and going in the streets. It is said that peonies are in full bloom, and friends are called to buy flowers. At the beginning, "Imperial City" indicates the place, and "Spring End" indicates the time. When "spring goes and spring comes", the countryside is green and yellow, and farming is doubly busy, but Chang 'an, where the emperor and courtiers are located, is busy "buying flowers". "Noisy" belongs to hearing, and "the degree of horses and chariots" belongs to vision. Both of them show the scene of laughter and laughter at the same time with a mixed picture of horses and chariots, which can be described as a combination of sound and sound.
There is no fixed price, and the counter-offer depends on the number of flowers. One hundred bright red flowers are worth 25 silks. This is about rich people and idle people driving around spending money. "I'm sorry" describes the huge volume piled up by twenty-five silks. "Five bundles of silk" is twenty-five silks.
Hang a curtain to cover the flowers and weave a fence around them for protection. Sprinkle water on the flower branches, seal the roots with mud and transplant. The color remains the same. Since buying flowers can cost money like running water, it is self-evident that grafting flowers is precious.
Every family takes making flowers as a custom, and everyone is stubborn. The front of the poem is only an objective description, and it is not until "everyone is puzzled" that the author's tendency is revealed. However, the exact meaning of "ignorance" needs to be further clarified. Some of Bai Juyi's satirical poems often make sense in the abstract and make comments at the end. This poem avoids this situation.
An old farmer happened to come to the place where he bought flowers. Looking at all this, I can't help sighing deeply. Only this sigh, no one understands. In the noisy scene of buying flowers, the poet lost no time in presenting a close-up of an old farmer who bowed his head and sighed, revealing the gap between the rich and the poor in society at that time with extremely sharp contrast.
A bunch of colorful peony flowers, the price of which is enough to cover the tax paid by ten middle-class families. At the end, the subtext is excavated from Weng's deep sigh, which makes readers suddenly realize that "Weng" is the actual burden of buying and spending money! By extension, aren't the clothes, food, housing and transportation of people who buy flowers all taxes squeezed from working people? These two sentences sharply reflect the contradiction between exploitation and exploitation, reveal profound, ironic and spicy, and have profound social significance.
[Notes]
1. Yi: (jiān)
[analysis]
Li Zhao, a contemporary of Bai Juyi, said in Tang Shi Supplement: "The capital is expensive and has been a peony for more than 30 years. It's a pity that you don't spend time playing in the Spring Festival Gala every year. Holding a golden palace outside the palace, planting it for profit, a book is worth tens of thousands. " This poem reveals some essential aspects of social contradictions through the description of "buying peony flowers in Beijing" and shows a theme with profound social significance. The genius of the poet is that he found an "Tian She Weng" that others turned a blind eye to from the place where he bought flowers, which triggered his inspiration and completed his original artistic conception.
The whole poem is divided into two paragraphs. The fourteen sentences in "Everyone loses something" are about your expensive trip to Beijing to buy flowers. In the following six sentences, write Tian She Weng and buy flowers.
At the beginning, "imperial city" refers to the place, and "the end of spring" refers to the time. When "spring is near dusk", the countryside is green and yellow, and farming is doubly busy, while Chang 'an, where the emperor and his courtiers are located, is busy "buying flowers". "Noisy" belongs to hearing; "Riding" belongs to vision. In the form of "noise", the scene of men jumping over women and laughing and cheering is displayed at the same time as the picture of cars and horses filling the streets and swallowing lanes. It is really a combination of sound and sound. The following "* * * peony, buy flowers from each other" is a supplementary description of "noisy". When borrowing the car, everyone immediately told each other in unison that the pen was quite clever.
These four sentences are written as "buy flowers", which paves the way for the following writing: buy flowers at a high price and spend them with a small heart. Then there are these rich idle people, driving around and spending money on flowers and plants. "Burn a hundred red flowers, press five bundles of vegetarian dishes", a hundred red peony is worth twenty-five silks, how expensive it is! Then, it goes without saying that "hang a curtain on it, weave a fence next to it, sprinkle water to seal the mud, and move the same color", and its treasure is no different from jewelry.
The above is only an objective description, and it was not until "everyone was puzzled" that the author's tendency was revealed; However, the exact meaning of "ignorance" needs further clarification. Some of Bai Juyi's satirical poems are often reasonable, and finally abstract comments. This poem avoids this situation. When he witnessed these fanatical flower buyers spending money like water, giving out the feeling that everyone is obsessed, he suddenly found an "Tian She Weng" who occasionally bought flowers from the hungry and cold countryside, saw him bow his head and heard him sigh. This extremely sharp contrast reveals the essence of social life at that time. The poet lost no time in taking a close-up of "bowing his head and sighing alone", and excavated all the subtext from the expression of "bowing his head" and the voice of "sighing": just buying a bunch of "burning a hundred red flowers" squandered the tax grain of ten middle-class families! This epigram makes readers suddenly realize that the original "Tian She Weng" who looks at flowers is actually a person who spends money on flowers! By extension, these "noble" flower buyers, their food, clothing, housing and transportation all come from the "tax" squeezed from the working people! With the help of Tian She Weng, the poet sharply reflected the contradiction between exploitation and being exploited. It is very valuable to dare to write people's voices with your own poetry creation.