Comment and analysis
In this poem, the poet focused on shaping the image of the pipa girl, which profoundly reflected the humiliation of feudal society.
Humiliate the tragic fate of the damaged musicians and artists, and express the feelings of "neither of us is happy-to grow old forever".
At the beginning of the poem, it says "seeing guests off in the autumn night", "suddenly smelling" and "playing the pipa", so it is "seeking sound", "secret asking" and "moving"
The boat "invited to meet" and waited for a long time, then the singer came out "half-hidden and half-hidden". This echo song
The description of folds laid the foundation stone for the theme of "the end of the world is coming"
Then through the description of the music played by the pipa girl, the inner world of the pipa girl is revealed. First of all, there is "out of tune"
Love ",and then to" string "and" sound thinking ",telling" life is not smooth "and" infinite things in my heart ",showing
The ups and downs of the pipa girl echoed with emotion.
Then she went on to write the story of the pipa girl: in those days, she taught the skill of "obedient talents" and looked like "a mother dressed up as autumn"
Jealousy ",Kyoto teenagers" prick their heads "and" give countless red silks in one song ". However, time flies, "the past is like smoke. "
Color reason ",finally had to" marry a businessman woman ". This description of resentment, longing and crying is very similar to her play.
The vocals complement each other and complete the shaping of the image of the pipa girl.
Finally, the poet's emotional waves were excited by the fate of the pipa girl and sent out "We are both unhappy-we live far apart, meet!"
The sigh of "Why Have We Met Once?" expresses the feelings of being in the same boat through thick and thin. Poetry is vivid and reflected step by step.
Lining, dotted everywhere. They are all endless themes. Like a surging river, it is undulating and enduring. counter
Reciting, swinging people's hearts, infinite emotion. The language is forceful and vivid. Like a shower, like a whisper,
Cement burst its banks, swords and guns blare, a jade plate with pearls falling, and the bottom of flowers. When you read it, you can smell it and feel it.
Conditions.
[Appreciation]
In the tenth year of Yuanhe (8 15), Bai Juyi offended powerful people and was demoted to Jiangzhou Sima, full of depression and nowhere to vent. On the occasion of seeing the guests off at Songpukou in the following autumn, he described the unfortunate experience of the pipa girl, expressing the poet's infinite sorrow for his own suffering and strong indignation at the dark politics. This poem is full of twists and turns. Just like another masterpiece of the poet, Song of Eternal Sorrow, this is an immortal work handed down from generation to generation. After Bai Juyi's death, Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty wrote poems in memory of him, including the phrase "The Boy Interprets the Song of Eternal Sorrow, and Hu Er can sing Pipa Xing", which was widely circulated at that time.
This poem can be divided into three paragraphs. At the beginning, the army's "the east boat is silent in the west, only the moonlight in the middle of the river" is the first paragraph, which describes the accidental encounter with the pipa girl and her exquisite skill in playing the pipa. The poet saw him off at Jiangtou, and the autumn wind was bleak and desolate. When the host said goodbye to the guests, they were all drunk and unhappy. It's really a drink to drown my sorrows. At this moment, I suddenly heard the faint pipa playing, and both the host and the guests were attracted by it. The transition from describing a friend's farewell to eliciting the sound of pipa and encouraging women to play pipa is very natural and ingenious. At the same time, it also renders the acting skills of pipa players from the side. Next, the appearance of the artist was described as "the voice was interrupted" ... and then she reluctantly answered ",and the word" late "indicated that the pipa artist was hesitant, which seemed to have hidden reasons, and then" however, we called for a thousand times and urged her to start coming towards us, still hiding half her face behind her guitar ". The latter sentence describes the woman's shyness very vividly and skillfully, and the gender of the artist is self-evident. At the same time, it shows that this is a weather-beaten and unfortunate artist. Sure enough, after tuning, "every string meditates once, every note meditates once, as if she were telling us about the dull pain of her life", and the string sound is low, as if the player deliberately hides and suppresses his inner feelings. Every string makes a deep and melancholy sound, and every sound contains infinite grief. This paves the way for describing the unfortunate life experience of the pipa girl later. The work begins with the trial performance of Pipa Girl, and gradually introduces the reader into the situation conveyed by the music.
Her acting skills are exquisite and wonderful, which the poet described as "she frowned and bent her fingers, and then started music" and "she brushed the strings, twisted them slowly, swept them and plucked them". Because of the well-trained, although it is a letter hand, everything is in line with the rhythm, and the playing skills can be described as perfect. The work then uses complex, coherent, appropriate and beautiful metaphors to vividly describe the beauty of pipa sound and the change of rhythm. A series of subtle metaphors, such as the rushing rain, the whispering sound, the pearl falling on the jade plate, the bottom flower ringing, and the spring flowing under the ice, seem to make readers hear the pipa with their own ears. What a wonderful description! As for the slow pause of music like an ice spring, such as the silver bottle breaking at the beginning, the iron horse standing out from the crowd at the climax, and the sound of the song ending like a crack, they are all novel and appropriate metaphors. Among them, "like pouring pearls, large and small, into a plate of jade" not only makes people want to see the crisp sound, but also makes people feel that the piano sounds like pearls and jade. For the last job. The conclusion that "the east boat is silent, the west boat is silent, and we see the white autumn moon entering the middle of the river" describes the moving effect of music, which makes people immersed in the artistic atmosphere created by pipa performance.
The second paragraph is from "she got up and smoothed her clothes, behaved and polite" to "sometimes in the dead of night, she would dream of her victory and be awakened from her dream by her hot tears", in which the pipa girl confessed her painful past and present misfortune. Judging from her story, she is an artist with excellent color and art. When she was young, Wuling was young, and the rich and the rich rushed to give gifts. At that time, wearing a silver grate and a cymbal head, my upper body trembled when singing and dancing, and my jewelry fell to the ground and broke; Or wearing a red blood-stained skirt, having fun and laughing with teenagers every day, without feeling that the wine is spilled and the skirt is dirty, which has never felt a pity. Spring flowers and autumn moon, picturesque scenery, so day after day, year after year passed, but the luster is easy to lose, the appearance is easy to decline, a faded old artist is no longer around, she is abandoned by those rich children like a worn-out toy. "Cold pommel horse in front of the door" is a portrayal of many song and dance artists, including pipa girls, in feudal times. Therefore, she had to end up "so that she finally gave herself to a businessman as a wife" and pinned the rest of her life on the businessman. However, how can an old artist who no longer has a beautiful face tie the heart of a businessman who values profit over emotion? So, "whoever pried open the money first, accidentally dumped her", men left home to do business, and women stayed alone in their empty boudoir, which became the inevitable result of such people. Her original desire to marry and find a home as a way to comfort her soul was once again frustrated. The poet said, "Sometimes in the middle of the night, she will dream of her victory and be awakened from her dream by boiling tears." When I think about it every day, I dream at night. The so-called "sudden dream" is not accidental, and "dream crying" is also the reappearance of daytime emotions. Recalling the bitter past and facing the painful experience, she couldn't help crying and became a cry baby.
In the preface, the author said: "Being an official for two years, I feel at ease; This is what people call feeling, this is the beginning of the night, to feel the intention of moving. "The last paragraph of the work comes from the decline of the singer, which reminds people of the officials who have been demoted. Poets and lesbians are "the depraved at the end of the world". They are all stunted and talented, but they are also treated unfairly and abandoned and strangled by the feudal system. The work strongly expresses the author's grief and indignation at his unfortunate demotion and hard-won ambition. Among them, "neither of us is happy-we met at the end of the day." We understand. What is the relationship between acquaintances? "Discussed in narrative, their philosophical meanings are thought-provoking and have been widely read for thousands of years." What can you hear here in the morning and evening? ? The description of two images, cuckoo's bleeding cry and ape's whimper, cuckoo's weeping blood and ape's wailing, well depicts the poet's feeling of missing his hometown because of the scenery. The next "Bitter Wine Drinks Alone", the flute in the folk village is full of "Jiujiang is so far away, I can't hear music, strings or bamboo for a whole year", which strongly exaggerates the pain and misfortune of living in Xunyang, and at the same time forms a sharp contrast with the singer's pipa Yue Xian. Finally, with the second performance of the pipa girl, the poet's tears wet the blue. The so-called "banquet, all listen to it, cover its face", describing the moving musical effect, is the second paragraph of the detailed description of pipa performance, and "Jiujiang official today. My blue sleeves are wet ",and the description of" We are both unhappy-to the end of the day "is based on the singer's misfortune at most, feeling his demotion and pushing others, not only crying for the unfortunate life experience of Pipa girl, but also crying for his own ambition. Hong Mai, a poet in the Song Dynasty, said, "Readers admire Bai Letian's poem Pipa Xing, but they respect its charm and lyrics more. The shape of Yuefu lacked singing, so I thought it was really made by Chang 'an. ..... Lotte means to write the hatred of the end of the world. " This passage undoubtedly points out the theme of this poem. But as far as the ideological content of the whole poem is concerned, this poem also shows the author's sincere sympathy for a female artist at the bottom of society. She had a sad and unfortunate fate, and the poet was demoted from the official position. Although her social status is different, she has not been reused because of her talent, and even reduced to the ends of the earth. This is the same. Therefore, the author will be "full of the feeling of moving away, and borrow the merchant's wife to express it, which means being in the same boat." ("Tang and Song Poetry Alcohol" Volume 22).
The whole poem describes in detail the excellent performance of the pipa girl, and her unfortunate experience aroused the poet's strong voice; At the same time, the poet's miserable and relegated life also deeply touched the hearts of female artists. They are "we are both unhappy-we live far apart", so it is easy to sympathize with each other and pity each other, resulting in emotional communication. It is with rich emotional rhyme that the poet tells stories, depicts scenes and depicts characters, and then successfully shapes two completely different artistic images: the pipa girl and the poet himself. Especially the description of pipa girl is excellent. I was proud of the spring breeze in my early years, left out in front of middle-aged people, and lived alone in my later years. Her unfortunate experience is very typical. However, this artistic image created by the poet is really "this one". Her beauty when she was young, her versatility, her tragic life experience, and her shame and sadness when she "hid half a face behind the guitar from us" are irreplaceable by others. This image embodies the unity of individuality and * * *.
Judging from the structure of the work, the story described in this poem is not complicated, but due to the poet's superb artistic skills, the plot arrangement is ups and downs and patchwork; The material is cut carefully and properly. The description of two pipa performances, the first splash of ink, the second cherish ink like gold, the first real writing and the second imaginary writing, have achieved amazing artistic effects. In terms of language, poetic language is simple and popular, fluent and natural, with harmonious rhythm and rich musical beauty. Poems in Tang and Song Dynasties call this poem "a poem with profound meaning, implication and significance, a sad tone and a departure from one's own words", which is exactly the same as Du Fu's "Watching Gong Sundaniang's disciples dance swords". It is no accident that it has been loved by people for thousands of years.