1. Adults and the ancients
Some articles were not originally written for you, but they wrote about their own experiences.
there are two kinds of experience, one is external experience and the other is internal experience. The external experience is the condition of the scenery, and the internal experience is the feeling of the speaker on the scenery. For example, the stars in the sky are twinkling. This is a scenery, not an external experience. What about the stars? Cold eyes, this is the speaker's feelings about the stars, and it is internal experience.
both adults and ancients can become adults, and both will become ancients.
Second, the square characters
Yao Nai, an Anhui native, was an essayist in the early Qing Dynasty. In his work "Climbing Mount Tai", he said that "Cangshan bears snow, and the candle shines south". The candle here means according to the words, because it can shine. The fog in the "mid-mountain fog" is a "stopped fog".
Third, the topic and content
It is best to read the article carefully by yourself. If you find a sentence or a word inappropriate, you have to change it, and then you can't stop until you can't change it. This habit must be formed. No matter what you do, you can be so serious that you are sure of success.
Fourth, a letter
The content of the letter is that there will be no tuition fees, and dropping out of school is the only way. The late harvest is obvious to the unit and colleagues.
5. Small bookcases
Although the wealth is getting less and less, the books are accumulating more and more.
it's a good thing to be able to read after class, but reading indiscriminately is not only useless, but also harmful. You have a lot of homework at school, and it takes several minutes for self-study every day. Your spare time after class is very limited, so you must strive for economy in reading.
the dictionary is the most important thing.
Novels recommended for students to read: Romance of the Three Kingdoms, Water Margin, Flowers in the Mirror, Scholars, A Dream of Red Mansions, Travels of Lao Can, Robinson Crusoe and Greek Myth
Poems recommended for students to read: 3 Tang Poems, Bai Xiang Ci Pu, Li Taibai Ji
VI. Knowledge and Affection
General psychologists can divide the functions of our hearts into three types: knowledge, emotion and meaning. Knowledge is knowledge, please is emotion, meaning is intention.
for one thing, knowing what it is and what it has to do with other things is the function of knowledge.
For a thing, feelings of joy, anger or sadness occur, which is the function of emotion.
what you want to do with a thing is the function of meaning.
Words are the expression of the mind, and there are three kinds of differences, namely, the text of knowledge, the text of emotion and the text of meaning.
VII. Diary
Conversation with one's heart
VIII. Poems
The reason why the six
poems in Tao Yuanming's Collection are poems lies in the intense emotion, followed by the harmonious rhythm, and they don't care about the modification of words.
9.
Three common article faults in
Articles Hospital:
Inappropriate words and expressions;
lack of meaning and burdensome;
the meaning is incoherent and inadequate.
X. Impression
Grass grows and flowers flourish, which is not my spring
Just narrating, the result is like drawing a road map; If you can write the impression, but it is the same as painting a landscape painting, this is description. Description is far more appealing than narration.
there are always empty descriptions like "beautiful", "sad", "interesting" and "hateful", which have no appeal to others. It is necessary to describe how beautiful, sad, interesting and hateful it is, so that people will feel beautiful, sad, interesting and hateful.
Xi. Understanding of Ci
A group of books, either by category or by word, is a kind of book.
Returning to Yaochi: Yaochi is the palace where the Queen Mother of the West lives. Going back to Yaochi after death is specifically for women.
XII. Drama
Selected Songs of Yuan Dynasty, Peach Blossom Fan, Palace of Eternal Life, Wutong Rain on Autumn Night of Emperor Ming of Tang Dynasty
Drama Test, Cutting Yellow Robe, Empty City Plan, Fishing for Scarabs
Ibsen Collection and Mrs. Warren's Occupation
XIII. The so-called trigger is to feel something else from one thing.
besides books with words, pay more attention to reading books without words. Get a new trigger on everything in front of your eyes.
leaders are easily stained and damaged. A good leader is like this, but the so-called leader chorus in society is not?
The chicken is a bright reporter. It croakes for the first time in the middle of the night, which is the darkest time in the world. After listening to the cock crow in the middle of the night, I can't help thinking of the revolutionary's cry.
fourteen, the sound of books
In the past, most people didn't study grammar and didn't pay attention to explanation, but only used hard work in reading. They read it day and night, and after reading it, the words naturally became fluent and the meaning of the text naturally understood. A person's communication and communication often don't need to look at the words he has made, just listen to the tone of his reading.
Generally speaking, the rising tone is doubtful and the falling tone is certain.
XV. The small storm of reading ancient books
The same voice is corresponding, and the same spirit is seeking.
XVI. Modern writing
XVII. Vocabulary and sense of language
The quality of an article can be observed from three aspects, one is whether there is something wrong with grammar, the other is whether the words are appropriate, and the third is whether the ideas are fresh, correct and rich.
"When I am reading or meditating alone recently, every time I encounter a word, I often think of similar or similar words of this word, making it a string in my chest. For example, when you see the word "study", you think of words such as "practice", "research", "study" and "study hard". When you see the word "anger", you think of words such as "anger", "hate", "get angry", "angry", "unhappy" and "unhappy" when you see peace. I compare these strings of words in my chest. Which one is the widest in the same string? Which range is the narrowest? Which tone is the strongest? Which tone is the weakest? Make it clear one by one. This is a new habit I have recently developed. When I first read English ABCD, I thought I was' studying English', and I would say the same thing to others and write the same thing in my composition. Not now. I will never think of reading ABCD for the first time as' studying English'. I will definitely say' learning English' or' practicing English'. Because I have understood the difference between the words "study", "practice" and "research". There is a dictionary in my case, and there is a glossary in my chest. Every time I encounter a word, I will turn it over and put it into the glossary in my chest. Every time I use a word, I must consider it all around and choose the right one to use. This is a kind of kung fu that I have been doing secretly recently. "
the rich wear clothes all the year round, while the poor wear clothes all the year round.
I have a friend who chooses a spouse, and the first condition is to have a woman from the same town. When someone asked him why, he said that if he was not a fellow countryman, it would be very boring to talk to each other. That's wonderful.
The difference between letters and letters seems to be literal. The difference between bleak and depression seems to be due to sound. Every time you meet a word, it is very important to understand its sentiment from all aspects besides confirming its meaning.
XVIII. Make both ends meet
Far and near method: "The willow shoots on the moon" can be taller than the moon when it is close to people.
The language of a country has its own language structure and habits. English and Mandarin have different structures and habits, so when reading English, we should compare them carefully. Translation into Mandarin should be suitable for the structure and habits of Mandarin.
I've been working hard myself recently, that is, translating the words in English books lesson by lesson. Every time you translate a lesson, recite it silently and change it. It's really difficult to be like Chinese without memorizing the original meaning.
XIX. "I still want to read books written without words"
"We should know that we can acquire knowledge when we enter school, but we can't learn when we leave school. The subject of learning is ourselves. Inside and outside the school, it's just different places. If we want to study by ourselves, we can do it in any place. If we don't study ourselves, even in the most suitable place, we can only get the effect of 7% discount and 8% discount. Therefore, dropping out of school is not' dropping out of school'; Only if you don't study yourself is the real' out of school'. "
Zhiqing Since Mr. Wang paid attention to the tone of reading, he has not only studied, but also talked and made speeches in public at ordinary times, and also paid attention to three aspects: height, strength and urgency. So his reasoning can attract people's attention.
2. Novel and Narrative
To write a character in a novel, you have to have a character. Similarly, the first character was very happy, but the second character looked indifferent, and the third character was sad: this was because of their different personalities. And has been described, the characters of the three characters must always be consistent; Even if the happy becomes depressed, indifferent becomes enthusiastic, and the sad becomes happy, there must be possible reasons, and unreasonable chaos is not allowed. I think this layer is especially difficult to take care of compared scenes and seasons. I wonder how those authors take care of it.
The essence of the novel is the meaning seen by the author. Without this meaning, it is not a novel. It is also important to note that a novel is one that contains this meaning in the middle of the story. What is' containing'? A bowl of salt soup, you can't see a salt, but it is salty when you sip it, so we say that the salt flavor is contained in this bowl of soup. The story of the novel contains the meaning seen by the author, just like such a bowl of soup. If the meaning is explained separately outside the story, it is not' containing'. We might as well borrow the theme that my little sister gave up her life. If you add a lot of opinions to the story, such as unscientific medical skills, superstitions such as spells, which are especially hateful, there are not a few lives in the world that have been destroyed by this kind of skill and ignorance. This will not become a novel but an argumentative paper, and those stories will only be in the position of "examples" of argumentative papers. The author of the novel pinned his meaning on the narrative of the story, without specifying it, so that people could read his narrative and naturally realize what his meaning was.
The essence of narrative is things, and narrative is its purpose; The essence of the novel is the meaning seen by the author from the middle of life, and narrative is only its means. You can also make an analogy, narrative is like taking pictures, just take the scenery on it and it's over; Fiction is painting, and everything on the screen is dominated by the painter's consciousness and emotion.
21. intonation
The odd and even characters of China characters have one characteristic, which is suitable for even combination. When a word is combined with other words, if it is not even, it will be difficult to read smoothly. Three-character words sometimes have to add the word "zhi", "de" or other words. For example, "the way of being a gentleman" should be changed to "the way of being a gentleman" and "raising children" should be changed to "raising sons".
If you want to be fluent in sentence tone, you must use syntax intricately, and don't always use one sentence pattern and the same auxiliary word.
Only use two words at most for words with the same sound or similar sound in a sentence, otherwise it will be difficult to read and listen to. In a sentence, two words with the same sound or similar sound can make the sentence smooth.
22. Two songs of Bodhisattva Man
The upper part of Bodhisattva Man is 7755, and the lower part is 5555.
There are 1 tunes in Bai Xiang Ci Pu, and each tune chooses a word. This 1-capital is a masterpiece. After reading this book, you can remember 1 common tunes and 1 good words, which is very economical.
23, New Style Poetry
24, Deliberating
25, Reading Notes
Yu Pingbo's Miscellaneous Son
Hu Shi's Wen Cun
26, Rhetorical remarks
Revision means adjustment, rhetoric means adjusting language, so that it just conveys our meaning. But there is nothing wrong with seeking meaning, which is called negative rhetoric in rhetoric. What actively adds strength to the written language is called positive rhetoric in rhetoric.
27. Organization of articles
There have been many opinions about the organization of articles in China, among which there is an organization law which is divided into six paragraphs: beginning, undertaking, spreading, narrating, passing and ending. In a very early age, the four-paragraph organic law of "preface, argument, argument and conclusion" prevailed in the west, which means discussing articles.
The principle of organizing articles is simple and common. Just as I came here to give a speech today, as long as the three problems of "how to start, how to say the main idea and how to wrap up" are solved, there will be no other things. In other words, there are only three principles for organizing articles, namely' order, contact and unity'. Arrange all the materials in an appropriate order, which is' order'; From beginning to end, it goes on smoothly, and there is no place to meet the tenon reluctantly. This is' contact'; The whole body maintains the same opinion and the same emotional appeal, which is' unity'. In this way, even if the article written is not so good, it is at least a unit that can really be independent, and at least it is worthy of the name' an article'.
Make a general stipulation on how to start and finish and how to run through, and then write it down step by step.
is asking yourself a specific organizational method? Yes, it is the specific organization method. We asked ourselves: What are we writing this article for? At this time, we will naturally answer, in order to tell the character of a thing, or to tell the story of a thing, or to make what kind of proposition. The answer is yes, and the central idea of this article is also confirmed. We asked ourselves again: How did this center come from among our thoughts? At this time, we will naturally answer, which is caused by some karma, or from many things and physics. The answer is yes, and at the same time, the arrangement of materials and the connection of paragraphs will be based on it. We asked ourselves again: Is this material likely to increase the power of the central idea? Is it necessary to dispel the existence of the central intention by saying that? At this time, we will naturally answer that it can increase the power of the central intention, or it is completely contradictory to the central intention, or it is irrelevant to the central intention. The answer is yes, and at the same time, the standard of' unification' is taken into account. The first faction who wrote the letter just now is absolutely unwilling to ask their own characters back. The second school, instead of paying attention to asking itself, made great efforts to ask the formula of the article. Neither our third faction nor they do.