1. The literature from ancient China to the unification of China by Qin Shihuang (221 BC) is called pre-Qin literature. 2. Myths originated before the invention of writing. Myths are full of rich imagination and are the source of Chinese romantic literature. 3. The most widely circulated myths in China are "Nuwa mending the sky", "Houyi shooting the sun", "Jingwei filling the sea", "Chang'e flying to the moon", etc. 4. "Shangshu" is the earliest collection of historical documents in China. It is said that it was compiled and selected by Confucius. 5. The Book of Songs is China's earliest poetry collection, which contains 305 pieces of music from various local ethnic groups and temples from the Western Zhou Dynasty to the mid-Spring and Autumn Period. 6. "Songs of Chu" was compiled by Liu Xiang of the Western Han Dynasty and included poems written by Qu Yuan and Song Yu. Because it has the local accent of Chu, it is called "Songs of Chu" and has a profound influence on the literary creation of future generations. 7. Qu Yuan is a great patriotic poet in China. "Li Sao" is Qu Yuan's representative work and the only long lyric prose. 8. "The road is long and far away, I will search up and down" is a famous sentence in Qu Yuan's "Li Sao". 9. Pre-Qin prose refers to prose before the Qin Dynasty, which is divided into two categories: historical prose and scholarly prose. "Zuo Zhuan" and "Warring States Policy" are representatives of pre-Qin historical prose. "The Analects", "Mencius", "Mozi" and "Zhuangzi" are representatives of the prose of pre-Qin scholars. 10. "Zuo Zhuan" is China's first narrative history work. It has high achievements in history, literature and language. 11. The Analects of Confucius is a collection of quotation-style prose that records the words and deeds of Confucius and his students. It was written by Confucius's students. This Confucian classic had a huge impact on Chinese culture. 12. “Isn’t it a pleasure to have friends come from afar?” (It’s worth being happy to have friends come from afar), “Don’t do to others what you don’t want others to do to you” (You shouldn’t let others do what you don’t want to do) Do), this is a famous saying in Confucius' "The Analects". 13. Han Fu is a new literary form that emerged in the Han Dynasty. It is a kind of poetic prose. 14. Jia Yi was an outstanding politician and writer in the early Western Han Dynasty. The most famous of his prose is the political essay "On the Passage of Qin". 15. Sima Xiangru was an outstanding writer of poetry in the Western Han Dynasty. "Zixu Fu" and "Shanglin Fu" are his representative works. 16. "Historical Records" is a historical book written by Sima Qian, a famous historian in the Western Han Dynasty. It is also a model of biographical literature. 17. Yuefu folk songs of the Han Dynasty occupy an important position in the history of the development of Chinese poetry. Yuefu originally referred to the music organization established during the reign of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty. Later, people called the poems collected, compiled and preserved by the Yuefu organization called Yuefu poetry. 18. "The Peacock Flies Southeast" is an outstanding long narrative poem in ancient China. It narrates the love tragedy of a young man and woman. It is the peak of the development of Han Dynasty Yuefu narrative poetry. 19. "Nineteen Ancient Poems" is a group of anonymous short poems written in the late Eastern Han Dynasty. It is a development of Yuefu folk songs and marks the maturity of the five-character poetry technique. 20. During the Jian'an period at the end of the Han Dynasty, a group of literati poems inherited the realist spirit of Han Yuefu folk songs and had a unique style of "generousness and sadness", which was called the "Jian'an style". 21. The representative writers of Jian'an literature are Cao Cao, Cao Pi, and Cao Zhi, their father and son, collectively known as the "Three Caos". 22. "The old man is still in trouble, but his ambition is thousands of miles; the martyr's old age is full of ambition" is a famous line in Cao Cao's "The Turtle is Longevity", which expresses the hero's ambition to grow stronger with age. 23. Cai Yan, also known as Wenji, was a female poet during the Jian'an period. Her five-character "Poetry of Sorrow and Indignation" expresses the suffering of the people caused by the political turmoil in the late Han Dynasty. 24. Ruan Ji was the writer with the highest literary achievement in the Zhengshi period. He had 82 five-character poems, collectively titled "Poems of Ode to Huai". 25. Tao Yuanming, a great poet in the Eastern Jin Dynasty (317-420 AD). His poems express the tranquil and tranquil life scenes in the countryside, and he is called a "pastoral poet". 26. "Poetry of Peach Blossom Spring" written by Tao Yuanming in his later period marked a new height of his thought and art. Here the poet proposed the social ideal of "Xanadu". 27. The long lyrical poem "Xizhou Song" represents the highest achievement in the artistic development of folk songs in the Southern Dynasties (420-589 AD). 28. "The sky is blue, the fields are vast, and the wind blows the grass, and you can see the cattle and sheep" is a poem in the Northern Dynasties folk song "Celege", which describes the scenery of the northern prairie. 29. "Poetry of Mulan" is an outstanding representative work of folk songs in the Northern Dynasties. It describes the touching story of the heroine Hua Mulan who joins the army on behalf of her father. 30. Xie Lingyun, a poet of the Southern Dynasties, was the founder of the landscape poetry school. 31. Qian Bao's "Sou Shen Ji" is a representative of the strange novels in the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties. 32. "Shishuoxinyu" written by Liu Yiqing is a short essay that records the words, deeds and interesting stories of some characters during the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties. It is lively and concise in writing. 33. "Wen Xin Diao Long" is a work of literary criticism and has a great influence on future generations of literary criticism. 34. Zhong Rong's "Shi Pin" is a work that reviews poetry and has a great influence on future generations of poetry criticism. 35. The poetry, prose and novels of the Tang Dynasty (AD 618-907) were all very developed, especially Tang poetry which achieved the highest achievement. 36. Many great poets appeared in the Tang Dynasty, such as Li Bai, Du Fu, Bai Juyi, Liu Yuxi, Li Shangyin, etc. 37. Tang Dynasty writers Han Yu and Liu Zongyuan launched the ancient prose movement. 38. The development of poetry in the Tang Dynasty is generally divided into four stages: the early Tang Dynasty, the prosperous Tang Dynasty, the middle Tang Dynasty and the late Tang Dynasty. 39. There are more than 50,000 Tang poems that have been circulated to this day, which is two or three times the total number of poems in the past. 40. Tang Dynasty poetry is divided into ancient style and modern style. There is no limit to the number of ancient-style sentences, and the level of each sentence is also freer. Modern style can be divided into two types: rhymed poetry and quatrains.
Rhythm poetry has a strict rhythm, with eight lines in four couplets each, with counterpoints in the middle. There are regulations for regular verses and quatrains. Both ancient and modern styles are divided into five-character and seven-character styles. 41. The four heroes of the early Tang Dynasty were Lu Zhaolin, Luo Binwang, Wang Bo and Yang Jiong. 42. Wang Bo wrote the famous "Preface to Prince Teng's Pavilion". "The setting clouds and solitary swans fly together, the autumn water and the long sky are the same color" is the most famous sentence in it. 43. King Luo Bin wrote the famous poem "Ode to the Goose" when he was 7 years old: "Goose, goose, goose, bending their necks to sing to the sky. White hair floats on the green water, and anthurium stirs the clear waves." 44. Chen Zi'ang is a famous figure after the Four Heroes of the Early Tang Dynasty. A poet, he opposed the beautiful style of the Six Dynasties and advocated a simple and elegant style of poetry. 45. The famous pastoral landscape poets in the prosperous Tang Dynasty were Meng Haoran and Wang Wei. Their poems express the magnificence of the mountains and rivers of the motherland and the natural simplicity of the countryside, and there are paintings in the poems. 46. ??The famous frontier poets in the prosperous Tang Dynasty were Gao Shi and Cen Shen. Their poems express the scenery of the frontier of the motherland and the pioneering and enterprising spirit of the Tang people. 47. Wang Changling is a famous poet who wrote seven-character quatrains. "Crossing the Fortress" is one of his masterpieces: "The moon is bright in the Qin Dynasty and the Han Dynasty is closed, and the people who have marched thousands of miles have not returned. But the flying generals of the Dragon City are here, and they are not called Hu Madu "Yinshan." 48. Wang Zhihuan's "Climbing the Stork Tower" is very famous. This poem goes like this: "The sun is over the mountains, and the Yellow River flows into the sea. If you want to see a thousand miles away, you can go to the next level." After achieving results, you must work harder to achieve higher ideals. 49. Li Bai, also known as Taibai and Qinglian Jushi, was one of the most famous poets in the Tang Dynasty. He traveled to many places in China when he was young and wrote many good poems singing about the motherland. His poems are passionate and romantic, and his imagination is rich. He is known as the "Poetic Immortal". 1. The first female poet is: Cai Yan (Wen Ji) 2. The first biographical general history: Shiji 3. The first dictionary is: Erya 4. The first big encyclopedia is: Yongle Dadian 5. The first The first collection of poems is: The Book of Songs 6. The first anthology: Zhaoming Anthology 7. The first dictionary: Shuowen Jiezi 8. The first collection of myths: The Classic of Mountains and Seas 9. The first collection of novels by people in classical Chinese: Shishuo Xinyu 10. The first collection of novels in classical Chinese: Sou Shen Ji 11. The first quotation-style work: The Analects 12. The first chronological history book is: Spring and Autumn Period 13. The first chronological history: Hanshu 14. The first part The Book of War: Sun Tzu's Art of War 15. Article Two Sima of the Western Han Dynasty: Sima Qian. Sima Xiangru 16. Double Bibi of Yuefu: Mulan's poem "Peacock Flying Southeast", plus "Qin Women's Song" is... 17. Double Bibi of History: Historical Records Zi Zhi Tong Jian 18. Second beat: Surprise at the first carving of the case The second moment of shooting is surprising (Ling Mengchu) 19. Big Li Du: Li Bai, Du Fu, Little Li Du: Li Shangyin and Du Mu 20. The Gemini Constellation of modern Chinese literary circles: Lu Xun and Guo Moruo 21. Three immortals: virtuous conduct, meritorious service and speech 22. Three generations: Xia, Shang and Zhou 23. Three Biography of "Spring and Autumn": Zuo Zhuan Gongyang Zhuan Gu Liang Zhuan 24. Three Kings: Xia Yu, Shang Tang and Zhou Gong 25. Three Mountains: Penglai Abbot Yingzhou 26. Three Religions: Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism 27. Three Dukes: Zhou Shi, Sima Situ and Sikong In the Western Han Dynasty, the prime minister Taiwei, the censor, the doctor Qingming, the Taishi Taifu Taibao 28. Three Cao: Cao Cao, Cao Pi, Cao Zhi 29. The three public security yuan: Yuan Zongdao, Yuan Hongdao, Yuan Zhongdao 30. The three ancient towers in Jiangnan: Hunan Yueyang Tower, Wuchang Yellow Crane Tower, Nanchang Tengwang Pavilion 31. The three friends of Suihan: Pine, Bamboo and Plum 32. The three assistants: Fengyi on the left, Fufeng on the right, Jingzhao Yin 33. The three yuan of the scientific examination: the provincial examination, the general examination, the palace examination and the first place in the self (Jie Yuan, Hui Yuan, Zhuang Yuan) 34. The first of three tripods in the palace examination: the second-place winner in the imperial examination 35. The three quintessences of China: Peking Opera, traditional Chinese medicine, Chinese painting 36. Three words: clear words to illustrate the world, warning words to enlighten the world, and lasting words (Feng Menglong) 37. Three classic rites of Confucianism: the Book of Rites of the Zhou Dynasty 38. Three Officials: Officials in Xin'an, Officials in Shihao, Officials in Tongguan 39. Three Farewells: Farewell to the Newlyweds, Farewell to the Elderly, Farewell to the Homeless 40. Guo Moruo's "Goddess" Trilogy: The Rebirth of the Goddess, Hunan Fruit, Tangdi Flowers 41. Mao Dun's "Eclipse" Three Parts Song: Disillusionment and Shaken Pursuit of Rural Areas Trilogy: Spring Silkworms, Autumn Harvest and Remaining Winter 42. Ba Jin’s “Love” Trilogy: Fog, Rain and Lightning “Rush” Trilogy: Family Spring and Autumn 43. The first national history: Mandarin 44. The first The first collection of historical essays that records the words and deeds of counselors, counselors and retainers: National Policy and Warring States Policy 45. The first historical prose that records personal words and deeds: Yan Zi Spring and Autumn Period 46. The first great patriotic poet: Qu Yuan 47. The first long narrative poem: Peacock Flying Southeast ( 357 sentences, 1785 words) 48. The first monograph on literary criticism: "Classics·Thesis" (Cao Pi) 49. The first pastoral poet: Eastern Jin Dynasty, Tao Yuanming 50. The first monograph on literary theory and criticism: Liu Xie, a Liang native in the Southern and Northern Dynasties "Wen Xin Diao Long" 51. The first monograph on poetry theory and criticism: "Shi Pin" by Zhong Rong, a Liang native in the Southern and Northern Dynasties 52. The first popular science work, a comprehensive academic work written in notebook style: "Dreams" by Shen Kuo of the Northern Song Dynasty "Xi Bi Tan" 53. The first diary travelogue: "Xu Xiake's Travels" by Xu Hongzu of the Ming Dynasty 54. The first female poet, also known as "the Ci Master": Li Qingzhao's Complete Literary Knowledge (2) 1. my country's first A long satirical novel: The Scholars 2. The first translation of the theory of evolution in my country: Huxley's "Evolution of Heaven" translated by Yan Fu. He was a person who did not understand foreign languages ??but became a translator.
3. The first collection of classical Chinese short stories written by an individual in my country: Strange Stories from a Chinese Studio 4. The first short story in the history of new literature in my country is: Diary of a Madman 5. The first writer to open up the "fairy tale garden" is: Ye Shengtao 6. my country The first romantic mythological novel: Journey to the West 7. The first reportage work is: (Xia Yan) Bao Sheng Gong 8. The first writer in New China to win the title of "People's Artist": Lao She. His works are; Long Xugou 9 . The two major schools of thought in the pre-Qin period were: Confucianism and Mohism 10. The two major representatives of Confucianism were: Confucius and Mencius, who were revered as the Supreme Sage and the Lesser Sage respectively. 11. During the Kaiyuan and Tianbao years of the Tang Dynasty, there were two major schools of poetry: frontier poems represented by Gao Shi and Cen Shen, and frontier poems represented by Wang Wei and Meng Zai. The former was majestic and bold, while the latter was tranquil and unsophisticated. 12. Chang Song poetry can be divided into two schools: bold and graceful. The former is represented by Su Shi and Xin Qiji, and the latter is represented by Liu Yong, Zhou Bangyan, and Li Qingzhao. 13. The two major banners held high by the "May 4th" New Culture Movement: opposing old ethics and advocating new morality, opposing old literature and advocating new literature. 14. The authors of the two "Diary of a Madman" are: Russia's Gogol my country Lu Xun 15. There are two major epics in world literature: The Iliad and the Odyssey 16. The three treasures of Buddhism are: Buddha (the one with great knowledge and enlightenment) Dharma (the teachings spoken by the Buddha) Sangha (the person who inherits or promotes the teachings) 17. Three Obediences and Four Virtues The three obediences in the middle: Obedience to the father when unmarried, obedience to the husband after death, obedience to the son. The four virtues: women's virtues, women's words, women's appearance, women's merits/morality, speech, manners, and female workers. 18. The first, middle, and last are collectively called the three. The third Geng day of the Summer Solstice Festival is the first day of the first fall, the fourth Geng day is the first day of the middle fall, and the first Geng day after the Beginning of Autumn is the first day of the last fall. The first fall, ten days after the last fall, and ten or twenty days after the middle fall. 19. Three Cardinal Principles and Five Constant Principles: Three Cardinal Principles: The Father is the Son, the Group is the Minister, the Husband is the Wife, the Wuchang: Benevolence, Righteousness, Properity, Wisdom and Faith. 20. Three Aunts and Six Possessions: Three Aunts: nuns, Taoist nuns, Gua Aunts and Six Possessions: matchmakers, masters (witches), Yapo, Qianpo, Yaopo, midwifery. Po 21. Three Emperors and Five Emperors: Three Emperors: Fu Xi Sui Ren Shennong Five Emperors: Yellow Emperor Zhuan Suo Emperor Ku Yao and Shun 22. Three Religions and Nine Streams: Three Religions: Confucianism, Taoism and Buddhism Nine Streams: Confucianism, Taoism, Yin and Yang, Dharma, Ming Mo Zongheng Zaonong 23. Three Mountains and Five Sacred Mountains: in the East China Sea Three Fairy Mountains: Yingzhou, Penglai, and Abbot; Five Mountains: Dongyue, Taishan, South Mountain, Hengshan Mountain, West Mountain, Huashan Mountain, North Mountain, Hengshan Mountain, Zhongyue Mountain, Songshan Mountain. 24. Three natures: Cattle, sheep and pigs for sacrifice (Tailao) (without cattle, Shaolao) 25. Trinity Law: The principles of drama creation formulated by European classical broad drama theorists are consistent location, consistent time, and consistent plot. 26. Buddhist Samadhi: Stop all worries and focus on one thing. (One of the methods of practice) 27. The Buddhist Tripitaka: The basic teachings are generally described as sutras, the precepts are stated as laws, and the teachings are expounded as treatises (those who are familiar with Tripitaka are called Tripitaka masters) 28. Three Provinces and Six Parts: Three Provinces: Zhongshu Province (decision-making) Menxiasheng (Deliberation) Shangshu Province (Execution) Sixth Department: Li Hu Li Bing Xing Gong 29. Three Su: Su Xun, Su Shi, Su Zhe Three Armies: Upper, Middle and Lower/Left, Middle and Right/Sea, Land and Air 30. Three Wu: Wu County, Wuxing, Kuaiji (Danyang) Three Kingdoms: Wei, Shu and Wu 31. Three Qin: King Yong (west) King Sai (east) King Qu (northern Shaanxi) 32. Three Chu: Gangling - Southern Chu and Wu - East Chu Pengcheng - West Chu 33. Three primary colors: red and green Blue 34. Three tombs and five canons: Three tombs: Fuxi, Shennong, and Yellow Emperor. Five canons: Shaohao, Zhuanxu, Gaoxin, Tang Yao, and Shun 35. The Three-Body Stone Classic: Shangshu Chunqiu Zuozhuan/Old Chinese Xiaozhuan and Hanli written in three scripts 3. The first of New China The first writer to win the title of "People's Artist": Lao She. His work is: "Longxugou" 4. The first great patriotic poet: Qu Yuan 5. The first female poet, also known as the 'Ci Zong': Li Qingzhao 6. The first pastoral poet: Eastern Jin Dynasty, Tao Yuanming 7. Article Two Sima of the Western Han Dynasty: Sima Qian. Sima Xiangru 8. Yuefu Double Bibi: Mulan's poem Peacock Flying Southeast, plus "Qin Women's Song" are the three unique Yuefu 9. The two major outstanding schools of thought in the pre-Qin period are: Confucianism 10. The two major representatives of Confucianism are: Confucius and Mencius , respectively revered as the Most Holy and the Lesser Holy. 11. During the Kaiyuan and Tianbao years of the Tang Dynasty, there were two major schools of poetry: frontier poems represented by Gao Shi and Cen Shen, and frontier poems represented by Wang Wei and Meng Zai. The former was majestic and bold, while the latter was tranquil and unsophisticated. 12. Chang Song poetry can be divided into two schools: bold and graceful. The former is represented by Su Shi and Xin Qiji, and the latter is represented by Liu Yong, Zhou Bangyan, and Li Qingzhao.
13. The two banners held high by the May 4th New Culture Movement: opposing old ethics and advocating new morality, opposing old literature and advocating new literature. 14. The authors of the two "Diary of a Madman" are: Russia's Gogol my country's Lu Xun 15. There are two major epics in world literature: The Iliad and the Odyssey 16. The second beat: the first moment is surprising, the second moment is surprising (Ling Mengchu) 17. Li Du: Li Bai, Du Fu, Xiao Li Du: Li Shangyin, Du Mu 18. Modern China The twin constellations of the literary world: Lu Xun and Guo Moruo 19. The twin treasures of history: Shiji Zizhi Tongjian 20. The three ancient buildings in the south of the Yangtze River: Hunan Yueyang Tower, Wuchang Yellow Crane Tower, Nanchang Tengwang Pavilion 21. Three friends of Suihan: Pine, Bamboo and Plum 22. Three assistants: Feng Yi on the left and Fufeng on the right Jingzhao Yin 23. The Three Elements of the Scientific Examination: Provincial Examination, the General Examination, the Palace Examination and the First Place in the Imperial Examination (Jie Yuan, Hui Yuan, Number One Scholar) 24. The Three Tripods of the Palace Examination: The Number Two Scholar and the Second Prize 25. China’s Three Great National Essences: Peking Opera and Traditional Chinese Medicine Chinese painting 26. Three words: clear words to illustrate the world and warning words to awaken the world (Feng Menglong) 27. Confucian classics Three rituals: Zhou etiquette 28. Three officials: Xin'an officials, Shihao officials, Tongguan officials 29. Three farewells: Wedding farewell There is no home for the elderly 30. The three treasures of Buddhism are: Buddha (the one with great knowledge and enlightenment) Dharma (the teachings taught by the Buddha) and the monks (those who inherit or promote the teachings) 31. Mao Dun's "Eclipse" trilogy: disillusionment and wavering pursuit 32. Rural Trilogy : Spring silkworms harvest in autumn and winter remains 33. Three Immortals: Establishing one’s virtues, meritorious deeds, and words 34. Three biographies of "Spring and Autumn": "Zuo Zhuan", "Gongyang Zhuan" and "Gu Liang Zhuan" 35. Three Kings: Xia Yu, Shang Tang and Duke Zhou 36. Three Mountains: Abbot Yingzhou of Penglai 37. Guo Moruo's 'Goddess' Trilogy: The Rebirth of the Goddess, Flowers of Hunan Fruit and Tangdi 38. Ba Jin's 'Love' Trilogy: Thunder and Lightning Rain\'Riptide\' trilogy: Jia Chunqiu 39. Public Security Three Yuan: Yuan Zongdao, Yuan Hongdao, Yuan Zhongdao 40. Three Dynasties: Xia, Shang and Zhou 42. The Three-Body Stone Classic: Shangshu Chunqiu Zuozhuan ancient text Xiaozhuan and Hanli written in three scripts 43 .Three Obediences and Four Virtues: Three Obediences: Obedience to the father when unmarried, obedience to the husband when married, and obedience to the sons when dead. Four Virtues: Women's virtues, women's speech, women's appearance, women's merits, speech, manners, and women workers. 44. The first, middle, and last are collectively referred to as the three volts. The third Geng day of the Summer Solstice Festival is the first day of the first fall, the fourth Geng day is the first day of the middle fall, and the first Geng day after the Beginning of Autumn is the first day of the last fall. The first fall, ten days after the last fall, and ten or twenty days after the middle fall. 45. Three Cardinal Principles and Five Constant Principles: Three Cardinal Principles: The Father is the Son, the Group is the Minister, the Husband is the Wife, the Five Constant Principles: Benevolence, Righteousness, Properity, Wisdom, and Faithfulness 46. Three Aunts and Six Possessions: Three Aunts: Nun, Taoist Nun, Gua Aunt, Six Possessions: Matchmaker, Master Po (Witch), Ya Po, Devotional Possessor, Medicine Possessor, Midwifery Po 47. Three Emperors and Five Emperors: Three Emperors: Fuxi Sui Ren, Shennong, Five Emperors: Yellow Emperor, Zhuansuo Emperor, Ku Yao and Shun 48. Three Religions and Nine Streams: Three Religions: Confucianism, Taoism and Buddhism Nine Streams: Confucianism, Taoism, Yin and Yang, Dharma, Ming Mo, Zongheng Zaonong 49. Three Mountains and Five Sacred Mountains: in the East China Sea Three Fairy Mountains: Yingzhou, Penglai, Fangzhang Five Mountains: Dongyue Taishan, South Mountain Hengshan, Xiyue Huashan, North Mountain Hengshan, Zhongyue Songshan 50. Three natures: Cattle, sheep and pigs for sacrifice (Tailao) (without cattle, Shaolao) 51. Three unities : The drama creation principles formulated by European classical broad drama theorists are consistent location, consistent time, and consistent plot. 52. Buddhist Samadhi: Stop all worries and focus on one thing.